Editorial
Continuing education in ophthalmology, a right, a duty and a responsibility
La formación continuada en oftalmología, un derecho, un deber y una responsabilidad
J. Jiménez Benito
, L. Macías Molinero, N. Gajate Paniagua
Corresponding author
Servicio de Oftalmología, Hospital Universitario de Burgos, Burgos, España
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Jiménez Benito, L. Macías Molinero, N. Gajate Paniagua" "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => array:4 [ "nombre" => "J." "apellidos" => "Jiménez Benito" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "jjimenez@saludcastillayleon.es" ] "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">*</span>" "identificador" => "cor0005" ] ] ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "L." "apellidos" => "Macías Molinero" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "N." "apellidos" => "Gajate Paniagua" ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "entidad" => "Servicio de Oftalmología, Hospital Universitario de Burgos, Burgos, España" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor0005" "etiqueta" => "⁎" "correspondencia" => "<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Corresponding author</span>." ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "La formación continuada en oftalmología, un derecho, un deber y una responsabilidad" ] ] "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Continuing education in ophthalmology, a right, a duty and a responsibility</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Considering the ongoing innovations in ophthalmology, it is inquestionable that continuous training if essential for adequately conducting our professional activity. Those of us who have spent more than a few years in the profession have witnessed a profound transformation of our activity to the point of hardly bearing any resemblance to our practice only 20 years ago. Our work involves an important responsibility and ongoing training is not a whim<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> but a necessity that is established in the Medical Code of Medical Ethics<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> as follows:</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Article 7. Section 3.− Continuous medical training is an ethical duty, a right and a responsibility of all physicians throughout their professional career.</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Article 46. Section 1.− In order to achieve and maintain professional quality, assistance must be supplemented by ongoing training. In addition to conducting assistive work, physicians must have sufficiente time in their working hours to update their knowledge as well as to carry out teaching and research activities.</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In our recent Ethical Code of the Opthalmology Society of Spain<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> we can read:</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Section 2. On professional practice:<ul class="elsevierStyleList" id="lis0005"><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0005"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">-</span><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Maintaining competency in technical skills, knowledge and professionalism, updating knowledge related to ophthalmological practice developments, searching for excellence in professional practice.</p></li></ul></p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Section 9. On teaching and tutorships:<ul class="elsevierStyleList" id="lis0010"><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0010"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">-</span><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Ophthalmologists must participate in training actions in order to achieve, maintain and improve the highest professional quality, and working hours must include time for conducting assistive work, time for studying and updating knowledge, time for teaching and time for researching.</p></li></ul></p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In Act 44/2003 dated November 21, On the Regulation of Health Professions<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a>, the law also defines continuous training as “a right and an obligation”, as follows:</p><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Article 33. General principles:<ul class="elsevierStyleList" id="lis0015"><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0015"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">1.</span><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Continuous training is the process of active and ongoing teaching and learning that is the right and obligation of health professionals. This process begins when undergraduate or specialization studies are completed and has the aim of updating and improving knowledge, skills and approaches of health professionals in view of the scientific and technological evolution as well as the requirements and necessities at the social and health system level.</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0020"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">2.</span><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The objectives of continuous training are the following:</p></li></ul></p><p id="par0140" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><ul class="elsevierStyleList" id="lis0020"><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0030"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">a)</span><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">To ensure that the knowledge of professionals is continuously updated and their qualifications improved, as well as to incentivate them in their daily practice and increase their professional motivation.</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0035"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">b)</span><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Improve the ability of professionals to conduct a balanced assessment of the use of health resources in relation to the individual, social and collective benefit that said uses could yield.</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0040"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">c)</span><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Generalize knowledge amongst professionals on scientific, technical, ethical, legal, social and financial aspects of the health system.</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0045"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">d)</span><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">To enhance among professionals the perception of their social role as individual agents in a general health care system and the ethical requirements this involves.</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0050"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">e)</span><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">To facilitate the establishment of communication instruments between health professionals.</p></li></ul></p><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Establishing the ethical and legal pillars of ongoing training as a right and an obligation begs the question: What is being done in real life?</p><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Even though regulations state that we should have some time during our working hours to focus on training, in the public health system this is not feasible due to the heavy burden of work and the pressure of the health administration that ignores said right. It would be recommendable for Department chiefs to demand hospital management to reinstate said right.</p><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In view of the above, continuous training frequently takes place in scientific meetings, a well established tradition in ophthalmology but with a significantly different approach. In the past century, the motivation to attend congresses was to learn first-hand the latest scientific breakthroughs, but this is not the case at present due to the Internet and IT revolution that allows acces to vast amounts of information through scientific publication platforms and/or societies.</p><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The two most likely difficulties we face at this time regarding training is the shortage of time and selecting what we want from the huge amoung of information we have at our fingertips. To resolve these difficulties we should reassess the value of attending scientific meetings and congresses because it will give us a few days to focus exclusively on our training and will help us to wade through the huge amount of scientific information that, more often than not, overwhelms us and increases our anxiety levels.</p><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We would like to emphasize the generosity of those who share their knowledge in presentations, speeches and discussions at meetings due to the significant investment in time and research this involves, in addition to the individual conversations we have with our peers and the time spent sharing knowledge and experiences with them. We should not forget that scientific events allow attendees to establish links with professional peers.</p><p id="par0125" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">As with many other activities, attending scientific meetings calls for some caution due to the growing presence of the biohealth industry that is showing increased interest on organizing scientific events. We consider that the amount of subspecialty ophthalmological societies that have appeared in recent times is excessive, as is the somewhat disturbing registration fees. Furthermore, we would like to add that it is becoming increasingly difficult to obtain time off work to attend scientific events which are up to management to authorize.</p><p id="par0130" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">To end, we would like to reestablish the validity of attending scientific meetings because they enable us to update our knowledge in addition to promoting fraternity in an increasing technological world. Scientific congresses and meetings confirm the classic phrase: <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">«(meetings) teach and also delight»</span> by Daza de Valdés in the prologue of the book <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Use of Spectacles</span> (1623)<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a>, to which we dare add <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">«you only live once».</span></p><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0005">Funding</span><p id="par0135" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare that they have not received funding for this paper.</p></span></span>" "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [ "secciones" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0005" "titulo" => "Funding" ] 1 => array:1 [ "titulo" => "References" ] ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "fechaRecibido" => "2020-02-20" "fechaAceptado" => "2020-02-25" "NotaPie" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "☆" "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005">Please cite this article as: Jiménez Benito J, Macías Molinero L, Gajate Paniagua N. La formación continuada en oftalmología, un derecho, un deber y una responsabilidad . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oftal.2020.02.014.</p>" ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "References" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0015" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:5 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0005" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Ética Deontología y Humanismo en las Nuevas Tecnologías. Comunicación Solicitada 95 Congreso de la Sociedad Española de Oftalmología" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "J.A. Cárceles Cárceles" 1 => "J.A. 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Cárceles Cárceles" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Libro" => array:4 [ "fecha" => "2019" "paginaInicial" => "53" "editorial" => "Sociedad Española de Oftalmología" "editorialLocalizacion" => "Madrid" ] ] ] ] ] ] 3 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0020" "etiqueta" => "4" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "referenciaCompleta" => "Ley 44/2003, de 21 de noviembre, de ordenación de las profesiones sanitarias [accessed 8 Feb 2020] Disponible en: https://www.boe.es/eli/es/l/2003/11/21/44/con" ] ] ] 4 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0025" "etiqueta" => "5" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "J. Jiménez Benito" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:3 [ "tituloSerie" => "Daza de Valdés en la Oftalmología [Tesis Doctoral] Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona" "fecha" => "2014" "paginaInicial" => "205" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "url" => "/21735794/0000009500000005/v1_202005120955/S2173579420300694/v1_202005120955/en/main.assets" "Apartado" => array:4 [ "identificador" => "5814" "tipo" => "SECCION" "en" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Editorial" "idiomaDefecto" => true ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" ] "PDF" => "https://static.elsevier.es/multimedia/21735794/0000009500000005/v1_202005120955/S2173579420300694/v1_202005120955/en/main.pdf?idApp=UINPBA00004N&text.app=https://www.elsevier.es/" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2173579420300694?idApp=UINPBA00004N" ]
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