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Inferior oblique retro-equatorial myopexy: An alternative weakening
Miopexia retroecuatorial del músculo oblicuo inferior: un debilitamiento alternativo
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García de Oteyza, M. Iglesias, J. García de Oteyza" "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => array:4 [ "nombre" => "G." "apellidos" => "García de Oteyza" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "gonzalo_gdeoteyza@hotmail.com" ] "referencia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "*" "identificador" => "cor0005" ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "M." "apellidos" => "Iglesias" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "J." "apellidos" => "García de Oteyza" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] ] ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:2 [ 0 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Clínica Oftalmológica García de Oteyza, Barcelona, Spain" "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Hospital Universitario de Orense, Orense, Spain" "etiqueta" => "b" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor0005" "etiqueta" => "⁎" "correspondencia" => "Corresponding autor." ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Miopexia retroecuatorial del músculo oblicuo inferior: un debilitamiento alternativo" ] ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:8 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Fig. 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 1279 "Ancho" => 1755 "Tamanyo" => 319227 ] ] "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at0005" "detalle" => "Fig. " "rol" => "short" ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Main surgical steps of retroequatorial lower oblique myopia.</p>" ] ] ] "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0065">Introduction</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In the mid-seventies, Cüppers<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> described a new and innovative surgical technique to avoid the large recessions used in nystagmus surgery.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> The procedure consists of fixing a straight muscle to the sclera at a retroequatorial level (between 12 and 14 mm of the primitive insertion) using non-absorbable sutures. This intervention creates a new muscle insertion, diminishing or annulling the contact arch and, consequently, diminishing the balloon rotation effect in benefit of the traction effect.</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The main advantages of this technique are that it has no influence on the primary gaze position in addition to respecting the muscle tone, being reversible and creating an artificial paresis by theoretically modifying the innervational factor.</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The purpose of the present study is to present and describe this debilitating technique at the level of the inferior oblique muscle. Following Cüppers's theoretical and practical foundations<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> the retroequatorial anchoring of the inferior oblique without disinserting it from its primitive insertion is described. This technique can be used in patients with lower oblique hyperaction (primary or secondary to upper oblique palsy), in elevation syndromes in adduction and in V-alphabetic syndromes in both endotropy and exotropy.</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0070">Materials and methods</span><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In this prospective interventional study 6 consecutive eyes were selected of 6 patients between 3 and 7 years of age with inferior oblique hyperaction to perform debilitating surgery on that muscle. Three of them presented esotropia associated with lower oblique hyperaction. The fourth case presented exotropia due to excess divergence associated with inferior obliqu ehyperaction. The fifth case was an elevation syndrome in pure adduction, and sixth, an upper oblique paresis. In all cases bilateral surgery was performed, except in the case of unilateral lower oblique paresis. In the cases of bilateral inferior oblique surgery with similar hyperaction in both, retroequatorial myopia was performed in one of them and in the other a classic Parks plus technique (retroinsertion of the inferior oblique to 8 mm of the temporal border of the inferior rectum). In cases where horizontal muscles were approached, no vertical displacements of the insertions were performed.</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In all patients, age, sex, corrected visual acuity and ocular motility were determined by means of the cover/uncover test and study of versions. To determine deviation in the primary position, the cover test with prisms was used in distant vision (5 m) and in near vision (33 cm).</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">To graduate the deviation in tertiary positions, the method described by Lim et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> was utilized. After taking photographs of the 9 cardinal gaze positions by means of a 26.2 megapixel digital reflex camera (EOS 6D Mark 2; Canon Inc., Tokyo, Japan) they were processed with the Photoshop 6.0 program (Adobe, San Jose, California, USA). Finally, the ImageJ program (software version 1.46; National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA) was used to measure the lower oblique hyperaction degrees. In this way it was possible to calibrate the inferior oblique hyperaction at 4 degrees. In the maximum lateral version, a vertical deviation of between 10 and 19 degrees was categorized as 1+, between 20 and 29 degrees as 2+, between 30 and 39 degrees as 3+, and if it exceeded 40 degrees, as 4+.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4,5</span></a></p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The inclusion criteria were eyes with unilateral or bilateral hyperaction of the oblique inferiormuscle, which could present in an isolated way or associated to horizontal deviations. All causes of lower oblique involvement could be included. All patients were requested to have the informed consent signed by their parents before surgery.</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The exclusion criteria comprised the existence of previous eye surgery and the need to perform surgery on any vertical muscle in the same operation.</p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The mean vertical deviation associated with inferior oblique hyperaction was 34 ± 4.6, which is equivalent to 3+. Preoperative data for all cases are presented in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>.</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The patients' legal guardians were informed of the surgery and all signed the informed consent.</p><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">All patients were operated under general anesthesia.</p><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The inferior oblique approach was performed on the bisector between the rectus inferior and lateral rectus muscle. The muscle was isolated and dissected with the help of an oblique hook. After individualization, the muscle body was surrounded and tied with a non-absorbable Dacron® 5/0 suture (Invista; Wichita, Kansas, USA) as posteriorly as possible, fixing it to the sclera by a stitch at 2 mm temporal and 8 mm posterior to the insertion of the lower rectus following its original anatomic pathway (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig. 1</a>), leaving the muscle in retroequatorial position (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig. 2</a>). The conjunctive was sututed with 7/0 silk.</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Postoperative treatment consisted of tobramycin (3 mg/mL) and dexamethasone (1 mg/mL) eye drops (Tobradex; Alcon Cusí S.A., Barcelona, Spain) 3 times per day during 2 weeks.</p><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Post-operative follow-up was performed on the day of surgery, weekly, monthly and at 6 months. The results obtained at 6 months were considered final when elaborating the present study. Total success was defined as a degree of inferior oblique hyperaction less than 5 and a partial success between 5 and 9.</p></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0075">Results</span><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">At 6 months of the surgery all eyes decreased the degree of inferior oblique hyperaction (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0015">Fig. 3</a>). Four of the 6 cases obtained total success, one partial success and another one maintained inferior oblique hyperaction of 1+.</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0015"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The mean post-operative degree of hyperaction was 5.65 ± 2.84 and the mean reduction was 28.3 ± 1.98. Only one case was hypocorrected with a hyperaction of 1+. The results are presented in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a>.</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">No intraoperative complications arose in any of the cases. There were no antielevation syndromes or adhesion syndromes.</p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080">Discussion</span><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The classic techniques of weakening the inferior oblique are based either on direct action on the muscular body (tenotomies, myotomies or myectomies) or on the displacement of muscular insertions. Among the latter, the lower oblique anteroposition and retroinsertion techniques described by Parks,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> Fink,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> Apt and Call<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a> and by Elliot and Nankin<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a> are noteworthy.</p><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The efficacy and safety of these techniques have been broadly proven in the literature.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a> However, the anatomical location and particular neighborhood relationships of the lower oblique muscle mean that surgery can lead to certain complications. The lower oblique muscle is the only one that is born in the antero-internal part of the orbit following a front-to-back path to its scleral insertion in retro- equatorial position, which gives it a large contact arc. Scleral insertion is intimately related to two very delicate structures such as the macula and the inferotemporal vorticose vein. The macula is located at 1 mm from the posteriormost edge of the muscle.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> Any poor manipulation of the inferior oblique can produce a lesion at the macular level with consequent central vision alteration. In their study, Turan-Vural et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a> warn that, despite uncomplicated surgery, there may be changes in foveal thickness when the lower oblique muscle is involved, an opinion contradicted by Kasem.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a></p><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The retroequatorial position of the muscle insertion and the path from nasal origin to temporary insertion explain that the main actions of the inferior oblique are elevation and excyclotorsion. In anteriorization and retroinsertion procedures, the muscle is disinserted and placed in a position prior to the equator. Disinsertion of the muscle can injure adjacent structures and can have serious functional consequences. With respect to the antero-posterior axis, placement anteriorly to the equator causes the lower oblique muscle to cease to be excyclorotatory and, with respect to the horizontal axis, causes the muscle to become anti-lifting. Its force vector changes from one of elevation to one that prevents elevation. This impediment will be greater when the new insertion is placed earlier.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0065"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></a> One of the most serious complications of excessive anteriorization of the lower oblique muscle is the anti-elevation syndrome.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0070"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14</span></a></p><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The aim of this paper is to describe an alternative technique to the classic techniques of weakening the lower oblique in order to minimize possible intra-operative and post-operative complications. Retroequatorial inferior oblique myopia consists of a technique that does not disinsert the muscle, thus avoiding any injury to the macular area or to the inferotemporal vorticose vein. On the other hand, anchoring the muscle in a retroequatorial position preserves the main actions of the inferior oblique. The anchoring of the muscle to 8 mm following the lateral insertion of the inferior rectus muscle corresponds to a retroinsertion of the inferior oblique of 14 mm. The anchor site acts as new muscle insertion, so the rest of the muscle body ceases to have action. Consequently, this technique acts as a recession-resection, and it is for that reason that it seems convenient to use the same name that Cüppers coined to describe his technique on straight muscles. A similar technique has already been described,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0075"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15</span></a> with the difference that the proposed anchoring point is prior to that proposed with our retroequatorial myopia.</p><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The efficacy of fixing the lower oblique posterior to the equator has been demonstrated in our cases where the decrease in vertical deviation angle was 28.3°. In all cases an improvement in inferior oblique hyperaction was demonstrated. There were no intraoperative complications. Only in one case we found a hypocorrection (from 4+ to 1+) and in no case did we obtain an anti-elevation syndrome. This is why this technique could have indication in cases of inferior oblique hyperaction between 2+ and 3+, reserving a classic technique for cases of 4+.</p><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Regarding the limitations of this technique, we can cite the difficulty, especially for a novice surgeon, of anchoring a muscle to 15 mm of the limbus with the risk of scleral perforation that this entails.</p><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors are aware that the data provided in this work is not sufficient, but even so it can be, concluded that the retroequatorial myopia technique is effective since it reduces inferior oblique hyperaction in all cases. Said technique is safe and, like any straight muscle myopia, reversible.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0080"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16</span></a></p><p id="par0125" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors consider that the description of this technique, as well as its first results, establish an interesting alternative to the classic techniques of weakening the inferior oblique.</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0085">Funding</span><p id="par0130" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This study has not received specific support from public sector agencies, commercial sector or non-profit entities.</p></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0090">Conflict of interests</span><p id="par0135" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">No conflict of interests was declared I the authors in this article.</p></span></span>" "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [ "secciones" => array:11 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "xres1371322" "titulo" => "Abstract" "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0005" "titulo" => "Purpose" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0010" "titulo" => "Materials and Methods" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0015" "titulo" => "Results" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0020" "titulo" => "Conclusion" ] ] ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1260308" "titulo" => "Keywords" ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "xres1371321" "titulo" => "Resumen" "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0025" "titulo" => "Objetivo" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0030" "titulo" => "Materiales y métodos" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0035" "titulo" => "Resultados" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0040" "titulo" => "Conclusión" ] ] ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1260309" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" ] 4 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0005" "titulo" => "Introduction" ] 5 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0010" "titulo" => "Materials and methods" ] 6 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0015" "titulo" => "Results" ] 7 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0020" "titulo" => "Discussion" ] 8 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0025" "titulo" => "Funding" ] 9 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0030" "titulo" => "Conflict of interests" ] 10 => array:1 [ "titulo" => "References" ] ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "fechaRecibido" => "2020-03-05" "fechaAceptado" => "2020-04-28" "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [ "en" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Keywords" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1260308" "palabras" => array:4 [ 0 => "Faden operation" 1 => "Retro-equatorial myopexy" 2 => "Inferior oblique" 3 => "Inferior oblique overaction" ] ] ] "es" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1260309" "palabras" => array:4 [ 0 => "Fadenoperación" 1 => "Miopexia retroecuatorial" 2 => "Oblicuo inferior" 3 => "Hiperacción oblicua inferior" ] ] ] ] "tieneResumen" => true "resumen" => array:2 [ "en" => array:3 [ "titulo" => "Abstract" "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Purpose</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">To describe an alternative surgical approach to treat inferior oblique overaction, and report the first results of this technique.</p></span> <span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Materials and Methods</span><p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A total of six consecutive eyes of six patients with primary or secondary inferior oblique overaction underwent inferior oblique retro-equatorial myopexy under general anaesthesia. The primary outcomes measured were the postoperative vertical deviation in the field of action of the inferior oblique muscle, and the intra- and postoperative surgical complications. Final results were evaluated at six-months after surgery</p></span> <span id="abst0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Results</span><p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The patient population consisted of three girls and three boys aged between three and seven years old. The mean preoperative inferior oblique overaction was 34° ± 4.6°, equivalent to 3+. Inferior oblique overaction was reduced in all patients with a mean reduction of 28° ± 1.98°, and the mean postoperative deviation was 6° ± 2.84°. Total success was achieved in four out of six eyes, and only one case remained under-corrected. No intra- or postoperative complications were reported.</p></span> <span id="abst0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Conclusion</span><p id="spar0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Inferior oblique retro-equatorial myopexy is an alternative surgical approach for inferior oblique overaction. It is an efficient, safe, and reversible technique that could be used in cases of inferior oblique overaction between 2+ to 3+.</p></span>" "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0005" "titulo" => "Purpose" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0010" "titulo" => "Materials and Methods" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0015" "titulo" => "Results" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0020" "titulo" => "Conclusion" ] ] ] "es" => array:3 [ "titulo" => "Resumen" "resumen" => "<span id="abst0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Objetivo</span><p id="spar0060" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Describir una alternativa quirúrgica para tratar la hiperacción del oblicuo inferior y reportar los primeros resultados con dicha técnica.</p></span> <span id="abst0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">Materiales y métodos</span><p id="spar0065" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Un total de seis ojos consecutivos de seis pacientes con hiperacción primaria o secundaria del oblicuo inferior se sometieron a una operación de miopexia retro-ecuatorial del oblicuo inferior bajo anestesia general. Los resultados primarios medidos fueron la desviación vertical postoperatoria en el campo de acción del músculo oblicuo inferior y las complicaciones quirúrgicas intra y postoperatorias+. Los resultados finales se evaluaron después de seis meses de cirugía</p></span> <span id="abst0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Resultados</span><p id="spar0070" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">La muestra de pacientes consistió en tres niñas y tres niños de entre tres y siete años. La media de la hiperacción del oblicuo inferior preoperatoria fue 34º ± 4,6º equivalente a 3+. La hiperacción del oblicuo inferior se redujo en todos los pacientes siendo la media de reducción de 28º ± 1,98º y la desviación postoperatoria media de 6º ± 2,84º. Cuatro de seis ojos obtuvieron un éxito total, y solo un caso quedó sin corregir. No se produjeron complicaciones intra o postoperatorias.</p></span> <span id="abst0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Conclusión</span><p id="spar0075" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">La miopexia retro-ecuatorial del músculo oblicuo inferior es un enfoque quirúrgico alternativo para la hiperacción del oblicuo inferior. Es una técnica eficiente, segura y reversible que podría usarse en casos de hiperacción del oblicuo inferior entre 2+ a 3+.</p></span>" "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0025" "titulo" => "Objetivo" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0030" "titulo" => "Materiales y métodos" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0035" "titulo" => "Resultados" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0040" "titulo" => "Conclusión" ] ] ] ] "NotaPie" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "☆" "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005">Please cite this article as: García de Oteyza G., Iglesias M., García de Oteyza J. Miopexia retroecuatorial del músculo oblicuo inferior: un debilitamiento alternativo. Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol. 2020. <span class="elsevierStyleInterRef" id="intr0005" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oftal.2020.04.024">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oftal.2020.04.024</span></p>" ] ] "multimedia" => array:5 [ 0 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Fig. 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 1279 "Ancho" => 1755 "Tamanyo" => 319227 ] ] "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at0005" "detalle" => "Fig. " "rol" => "short" ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Main surgical steps of retroequatorial lower oblique myopia.</p>" ] ] 1 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "fig0010" "etiqueta" => "Fig. 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg" "Alto" => 1542 "Ancho" => 1508 "Tamanyo" => 142454 ] ] "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at0010" "detalle" => "Fig. " "rol" => "short" ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Outline of the surgical procedure. Note the scleral anchoring at 8 mm of the lower rectum insertion.</p>" ] ] 2 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "fig0015" "etiqueta" => "Fig. 3" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr3.jpeg" "Alto" => 1009 "Ancho" => 1505 "Tamanyo" => 199503 ] ] "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at0015" "detalle" => "Fig. " "rol" => "short" ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Case number 5. Patient with upper right oblique paresis. A and B) preoperative versions in the lower right oblique field of action. C and D)post-retro equatorial myopia images of the lower right oblique.</p>" ] ] 3 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0005" "etiqueta" => "Table 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at0020" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:2 [ "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">cVA: Corrected visual acuity; CTN: <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cover test</span> near; CTF: <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cover test</span> far; AET: alternate endotropia; RET: rigth endotropia; M: male; IOH: inferior oblique hyperaction; LHT: left hypertrophy; F: female; AXT: alternate exotropia.</p>" "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Patient \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Age \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Sex \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">cVA \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Cover test</span> with prisms \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">IOH Grade \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">F \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">10/10 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">CTF: RET 10 <span class="elsevierStyleSup">Δ</span>CTN: RET 35 <span class="elsevierStyleSup">Δ</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">28.4°++ \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">F \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">10/10 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">CTF: RET 16 <span class="elsevierStyleSup">Δ</span>CTN: RET 25 <span class="elsevierStyleSup">Δ</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">33.2°+++ \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">M \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">9/10 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">CTF: AET 45 <span class="elsevierStyleSup">Δ</span>CTN: AET 45 <span class="elsevierStyleSup">Δ</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">31.9°+++ \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">7 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">M \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">7/10 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">CTF: AXT 35 <span class="elsevierStyleSup">Δ</span>CTN: AXT 14 <span class="elsevierStyleSup">Δ</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">42.2°++++ \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">F \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">10/10 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">CTF: OrtoCTN: Orto \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">35.1°+++ \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">6 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">M \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">9/10 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">CTF: LHT<span class="elsevierStyleSup">Δ</span>CTN: LHT 15 <span class="elsevierStyleSup">Δ</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">32.9°+++ \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab2354928.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Preoperative data of eyes that underwent retroequatorial myopexia surgery.</p>" ] ] 4 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0010" "etiqueta" => "Table 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at0025" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:2 [ "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">IOH: inferior oblique hyperaction.</p>" "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Patient \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Preop IOH grade \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Postop IOH grade \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Reduction \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Intrasurgery complications \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Antielevation \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">28.4° ++ \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">3.4° ― \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">25° \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">― \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">― \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">33.2° +++ \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">4.2° ― \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">29° \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">― \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">― \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">31.9° +++ \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">4.1° ― \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">27.8° \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">― \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">― \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">42.2° ++++ \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">11.1° + \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">31.1° \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">― \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">― \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">35.1° +++ \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">6.3° ± \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">28.8° \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">― \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">― \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">6 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">32.9° +++ \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">4.8° ― \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">28.1° \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">― \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">― \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab2354929.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Comparison between pre- and post-surgery hyperaction grade after inferior oblique retroequatorial myopexia.</p>" ] ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "References" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0005" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:16 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0005" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Corrección operatoria del estrabismo horizontal" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "C. Cüppers" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Acta Estrabológica" "fecha" => "1974" "volumen" => "II" "numero" => "1" "paginaInicial" => "1" "paginaFinal" => "16" ] ] ] ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0010" "etiqueta" => "2" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Traitement médico-chirurgical du nistagmus" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "G.B. Bietti" 1 => "B. Bagolini" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Ann Ther Clin Ophtalmol." "fecha" => "1960" "volumen" => "11" "paginaInicial" => "269" "paginaFinal" => "296" ] ] ] ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0015" "etiqueta" => "3" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Quantitative assessment of inferior oblique muscle overaction using photographs of the cardinal positions of gaze" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "H.W. Lim" 1 => "J.W. Lee" 2 => "E. Hong" 3 => "Y. Song" 4 => "M.H. Kang" 5 => "M. Seong" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.ajo.2014.06.016" "Revista" => array:8 [ "tituloSerie" => "Am J Ophthalmol." 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