Clinical characteristics of peripheral exudative hemorrhagic chorioretinopathy in a referral center in Spain | Archivos de la Sociedad Española de Oftalmología (English Edition)

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B) Segundo mes postIIV con disminución de la hemorragia subretiniana; se realiza segunda IIV de alfibercept. C) Tercer mes de evolución, con disminución importante de la hemorragia subretiniana asociado a área de dispersión de pigmento superior y temporal y área de atrofia geográfica parafoveal, se realiza tercera IIV de aflibercept. D) Quinto mes de evolución con resolución casi completa de la hemorragia en región temporal asociada a dispersión de pigmento en región superior y temporal. E) OCT B-Scan inicial con hemorragia subretiniana y gran levantamiento en el área macular. F) OCT B-Scan final con áreas de atrofia del EPR en región macular que justifican una recuperación visual limitada." ] ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "J. Larrea, R.M. Sánchez-Ávila, E. Villota-Deleu, A. Fernández-Vega Sanz" "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "J." "apellidos" => "Larrea" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "R.M." 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Larrea, R.M. Sánchez-Ávila, E. Villota-Deleu, A. Fernández-Vega Sanz" "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => array:4 [ "nombre" => "J." "apellidos" => "Larrea" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "jaimelarreag@gmail.com" ] "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "*" "identificador" => "cor0005" ] ] ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "R.M." "apellidos" => "Sánchez-Ávila" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "E." "apellidos" => "Villota-Deleu" ] 3 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "A." "apellidos" => "Fernández-Vega Sanz" ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "entidad" => "Instituto Universitario Fernández-Vega, Fundación de Investigación Oftalmológica, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor0005" "etiqueta" => "⁎" "correspondencia" => "Corresponding author." ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Características clínicas de la coriorretinopatía exudativa hemorrágica periférica en un centro de referencia en España" ] ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:8 [ "identificador" => "fig0015" "etiqueta" => "Fig. 3" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr3.jpeg" "Alto" => 2324 "Ancho" => 3175 "Tamanyo" => 584655 ] ] "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at0120" "detalle" => "Fig. " "rol" => "short" ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "73-year-old patient referred for suspected choroidal melanoma in the right eye and vitreous hemorrhage in the left eye: A) Ultra-widefield fundus photograph of the right eye with abundant drusen in the posterior pole, focal areas of subretinal hemorrhages in the temporal and superior temporal periphery. B) Ultra-widefield autofluorescence of the RE showing well-defined areas of subretinal hemorrhage. C) OCT B-Scan RE with elevations of the RPE corresponding to soft drusen. D) B-mode ultrasound of the LE with vitreous hemorrhage and bulges in the periphery corresponding to areas of subretinal hemorrhage." ] ] ] "textoCompleto" => "IntroductionPeripheral exudative hemorrhagic chorioretinopathy (PEHC) is the term used to describe a clinical entity occurring in the peripheral retina, associated with peripheral hemorrhagic detachments of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) with exudation and fibrosis.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005">1</a>It was first described in 1962 by Reese and Jones as chorioretinal lesions similar to AMD lesions, unusually located outside the macular region,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0010">2</a> but it was Annesley in 1980 who first named the entity by the name by which it is currently known which is PEHC.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015">3</a> The incidence of this pathology is not well known due to its low frequency, difficulty of diagnosis and lack of standardisation of its clinical entity.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005">1</a> It occurs more frequently in older age groups, with an average age of presentation of 80 years.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0020">4</a>The exact etiology of PEHC remains unknown; however in 2009 Mantel et al. suggested a neovascular origin based on findings found in fluorescein angiography and indocyanine green angiography (ICG),<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0025">5</a> so some authors have suggested that it could be a variant of wet-type age-related macular degeneration (AMD) as they share clinical similarities such as the frequent presence of drusen in both pathologies.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0025">5</a> Another hypothesis is that it could share a pathophysiological origin with choroidal polypoidal vasculopathy (CPV) recently described as type 1 choroidal neovascularisation with aneurysmal dilatations and included in the spectrum of pachychoroidal diseases.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0030">6–8</a> Goldman et al. in 2013 reported 10 eyes with findings of polyps and neovascular network seen by ICG.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0030">6</a> Recently, Shroff et al. described 14 eyes with PEHC with thicker choroid towards the temporal side (272.7±80.2μm) compared to a control group where the choroid was thicker subfoveally (259.7±63.8μm), thus proposing to include PEHC within the pachychoroid spectrum diseases.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0045">9</a>PEHC typically presents as a peripheral mass that may mimic a choroidal melanoma (pseudomelanoma), hence the importance of identifying them and making the differential diagnosis with intraocular tumours.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0050">10,11</a> Shields et al. in 2006 found that PEHC accounted for 13% of pseudomelanomas referred to the ocular oncology department, second only to choroidal nevus with 49%.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0060">12</a> This disorder is distinguished from vasoproliferative neoplasms and tumours by its characteristics at presentation, with a predominance of the exudative and hemorrhagic nature of the lesions, temporal rather than nasal location in the extreme periphery of the fundus and spontaneous regression to fibrotic scars.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0055">11,12</a>To date, there is no consensus treatment for PEHC. Intravitreal injections (IVI) of antioangiogenic (anti-VEGF) drugs,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0065">13–19</a> photodynamic therapy, laser photocoagulation and observation without treatment have been described, which is sometimes sufficient due to the usual natural history of the lesions which tend to involute leaving a fibrotic scar in the periphery.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0090">18</a> Another therapeutic option is surgery, with PPV being performed in cases of vitreous hemorrhage.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0095">19,20</a> To our knowledge, there are no publications describing this disease in the Spanish population, so the aim of this clinical study is to describe the clinical characteristics of PEHC, the treatments applied and its evolution over time (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#fig0005">Figs. 1–3</a>).<elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0015"></elsevierMultimedia>Material and methodsA retrospective study and analysis of the results was carried out in patients with PEHC diagnosed between 1 October 2005 and 31 March 2021 at the Instituto Oftalmológico Universitario Fernández-Vega. All patients included in the study signed informed consent for the treatments applied. This study was approved by the institution's ethics committee and complied with the principles of the Helsinki declaration.A complete ophthalmological examination was performed under slit lamp, assessing the condition of the ocular surface and cornea, anterior chamber, lens and fundus. Inclusion criteria were: Diagnosis of PEHC (fibrotic/serohemorrhagic peripheral RPE detachments, associated with exudation, sub/intraretinal hemorrhages or subretinal fibrosis) and who had undergone retinography either 45° or ultra-widefield (Optos California®, Dunfermline, UK), optical coherence tomography (OCT, CIRRUS® 6000, Jena Germany or previous models). Exclusion criteria comprised clinical history with insufficient data, follow-up of less than one year, history of coexistence with any other retinal disease not related to PEHC, except AMD.Data were obtained from medical records, analysing demographic variables (age, gender), history of clinical metabolic diseases (arterial hypertension [HTN], type 2 diabetes mellitus [DM-2], heart disease, hypercholesterolemia), pharmacological history (anticoagulant or antiplatelet therapy), visual symptoms for which the patient visited the clinic and initial baseline diagnosis. Snellen best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) assessed at baseline and at the end of follow-up, as well as the presence or absence of AMD on fundus examination and OCT. The findings of PEHC were recorded according to clinical examination (intra- or subretinal hemorrhages, serous or hemorrhagic detachments, subretinal fluid, subretinal fibrosis, lipid exudation, hemovitreous), by the evolutionary phase of PEHC (active [exudative/hemorrhagic] or inactive [fibrotic]), the location by quadrants (upper temporal, lower temporal, lower nasal, upper nasal), the extent of lesions (focal [less than 3 time spindles], diffuse [4–6 time spindles], subtotal [greater than 6 time spindles] and the number of lesions found. Unilateral involvement was defined as affecting only one eye with active PHEP, symmetrical bilateral involvement if active PEHC was found in both eyes, and asymmetrical bilateral involvement if active PEHC was found in one eye and inactive PEHC in the contralateral eye.Macular OCT findings were described as: subretinal macular fibrosis, cystic macular oedema (CME), subretinal fluid (SRF), choroidal neovascularisation (CNV), epiretinal membrane (ERM) and retinal pigment epithelium detachment (RPE).Patients with active phase PEHC were treated with anti-VEGF IVI, as were patients with AMD in the exudative phase, particularly if it threatened the macula. If the PEHC was in fibrotic phase, clinical follow-up and observation without treatment was performed; cases with vitreous hemorrhage that did not reabsorb after one month of follow-up were treated with PPV.Categorical variables were presented as numbers and percentages, continuous variables as averages and standard deviations. BCVA was transformed to log-log scale of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) for statistical analysis. The Wilcoxon test was used for non-parametric variables, statistical significance was set as a value of P<.05. SPSS software® v.20.0 for Windows (SPSS®, Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) was used for all statistical analyses.ResultsTwenty-three patients (39 eyes; bilateral involvement in 16 patients [69.6%]), with a diagnosis of PEHC were included (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>). PEHC was more frequent in females (73.9%) with overall mean age of 79.3 years (±7.6) (range: 66–94), for males it was 80.7±8.4 (71–94), and for females 78.8 years±7.3 (66–90). Mean follow-up time was 6.1±3.8 years. HTN was the most frequent metabolic risk factor with 16 patients (69.6%), followed by hypercholesterolemia with 7 (30.4%), DM-2 with 4 (17.4%), ischemic heart disease with 4 (17.4%) and finally arrhythmic heart disease with 3 patients (13%). Six patients (26%) were being treated with oral antiplatelet drugs and 7 (30.4%) with oral anticoagulants.<elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia>Among the ophthalmological antecedents, primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) was found to be the most frequently associated ocular disease, present in 13% of the patients. Fifty percent of the patients had cataract surgery prior to the diagnosis of PEHC, one case with non-penetrating deep sclerectomy (NPSC) for POAG, one case with PPV due to vitreous hemorrhage and one case with cerclage + PPV due to retinal detachment (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a>). The most frequent ocular symptom was decreased visual acuity in 66.6% of patients, 28.2% of cases were asymptomatic. The most frequent reference diagnosis was bleeding/exudation in 24 cases (61.5%), followed by choroidal melanoma with 9 (23.1%).<elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia>Of the 39 eyes involved with PEHC, 46.2% were right eyes and 69.6% had bilateral involvement; of these, 62.5% had symmetrical presentation, i.e. both eyes had some type of activity manifested by intra/subretinal hemorrhage or hemovitreous and 37.5% were asymmetrical, one eye having hemorrhagic activity and the other in the cicatricial phase (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">Table 3</a>). Thus, in total, 33 (84.6%) of the eyes with PEHC were in the active hemorrhagic phase and 6 eyes (15.4%) were in the cicatricial phase at diagnosis. The majority of patients (53.8%) had an average onset VA between 20/20 to 20/40. Intra- or subretinal hemorrhages were the most frequent peripheral lesion types found in 61.5% of the eyes with PEHC, followed by serous or hemorrhagic PEDs in 46.1% and subretinal fibrosis in 41% (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">Table 3</a>). The most frequent location of the lesions was the inferior temporal quadrant (84.6%), with diffuse extension as the most frequent form of presentation with 15 cases (38.5%) and in terms of number of lesions the most frequent was one lesion in 17 cases (43.6%). At the time of diagnosis 41% of the cases were in the hemorrhagic and/or exudative phase in the periphery, 38% in the mixed phase (hemorrhagic and/or exudative plus areas of fibrosis) and 20.5% in the fibrosis phase. On the other hand, at the end of follow-up, 64.1% were in the fibrosis phase, 20.5% in the mixed phase and 5.1% in the hemorrhagic phase.<elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0015"></elsevierMultimedia>Drusen were the most frequently found lesions in the macular region in 33 eyes (84.6%), followed by geographic macular atrophy in 22 eyes (56.4%) (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0020">Table 4</a>). Nineteen eyes (48.7%) had dry-atrophic AMD and 10 (23%) active wet-neovascular AMD; of these, 7 had active PEHC and 3 were in the phase of subretinal fibrosis. Of the 7 patients with unilateral PEHC, in the contralateral eye, 4 had dry AMD and 2 had active wet AMD, i.e. the finding of AMD in the contralateral eye was present in 85.7% of the cases. The most frequent OCT findings were macular fibrosis and CME in 14 eyes (35.9%).<elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0020"></elsevierMultimedia>Twenty-five eyes (58.9%) diagnosed with PEHC received some form of treatment. The most commonly used treatment was anti-VEGF in 15 eyes (60%), of which 10 had active wet AMD and PEHC and 5 had de novo anti-VEGF for PEHC, with an average IVI number of 6.8 (range: 3−34) (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0020">Table 4</a>). Of the 15 patients treated with anti-VEGF, 8 eyes (53.3%) had complete resolution of lesions in the periphery and did not require further IVI, transitioning from a hemorrhagic/exudative state to areas of RPE atrophy associated with areas of subretinal fibrosis in an average time of 5.3 months and the other 7 eyes (46.6%) had partial resolution of lesions and required IVI again with an average stability period of 4.3 months (±3.6).There was no change in VA between baseline and end of follow-up, for eyes with observation only, baseline 0.66±0.80 (0.04–2.82) and end 0.75±0.96 (0.00–2.82) (P=.352); nor for those who received any treatment start 0.78±0.79 (0.04–2.30) and end 1.22±1.01 (0.04–2.82) (P=.157): this was possibly due to the large component of associated atrophic or exudative AMD in both groups. There is a correlation between the occurrence of PEHC and ETS (r: 0.37, P: .01). No correlation was found between the appearance of PEHC and hypercholesterolemia (P=.23) or DM2 (P=.81), nor was there any correlation between the use of antiplatelet or anticoagulant drugs and the appearance of PEHC (P=.35), but we did see that it was related to the appearance of vitreous hemorrhage, since of the 9 patients who presented it, either at the time of diagnosis of PEHC or during follow-up, 5 of them were on anticoagulant treatment and 2 on antiplatelet therapy, which means that 77.7% of patients who presented with vitreous hemorrhage were on anticoagulant or antiplatelet therapy.DiscussionPEHC is a degenerative disease affecting the peripheral retina generally described in elderly patients<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0015">3–5</a> which agrees with the findings found in our study (mean age 79.3 years). AHT was the most frequent risk factor (69.6%), finding a correlation with PEHC (r: 0.337; P=.010), also reported in other studies.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0015">3–5,9,10</a> The present study did not find a correlation between the use of antiplatelet or anticoagulant drugs and the occurrence of PEHC (P=.353); however, this is a history with a high frequency in the patients studied (26% oral antiplatelet drugs and 30.4% oral anticoagulants), so it is possible that the presenting symptoms with vitreous hemorrhage are related to the high frequency of anticoagulant/antiplatelet treatment in our patients.Given the peripheral location of the lesions and their clinical appearance as an elevated subretinal mass, dark in most cases, it is important to differentiate these lesions from choroidal melanomas. We report 23.1% of referrals with this diagnosis, as it is one of the main causes of pseudomelanoma and diagnostic confusion. Recognising this lesion can spare the patient from aggressive treatment such as radiation or enucleation. PEHC should be considered in the differential diagnosis of vitreous hemorrhage and subretinal tumours in the elderly.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0100">20</a>PEHC manifests with intra/subretinal hemorrhages, serous or hemorrhagic detachments of the RPE, lipid exudation and in more severe cases exudative retinal detachments and may present as a single isolated lesion or as multiple lesions that may be confluent.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005">1</a> In the population of this study, the most frequent form of presentation was intra/subretinal hemorrhages in 61.5% of cases, with the number of lesions in the periphery being the most frequent single isolated lesion in 43.6% of cases and the most frequent location in the inferior temporal quadrant in 84.6% of cases, similar to that reported by Vandefonteyne et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0055">11</a> where the most frequent location was in the inferior temporal quadrant (78.6%). Vitreous hemorrhage may be a frequent form of presentation and should be taken into account when making the diagnosis.The majority of patients were symptomatic, showing some degree of visual impairment; 67.4% had metamorphopsia, 38.4% had metamorphopsia and only 28.2% were asymptomatic. This does not match the numbers reported by Shields<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0020">4</a> in which 89% of patients with PEHC were asymptomatic. We believe that this discrepancy is due to the high incidence of AMD (71.7%) and its complications, which left important visual sequelae in our population. Our incidence of AMD in patients with PEHC is very similar to that reported by Mantel et al.,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035">7</a> which was 68.9%.PEHC usually has a self-limiting course and therefore usually only requires observation. Long-term follow-up of these patients shows regression or stability of the lesions with resolution of the fibrosis: in our population, 41% started in the active phase, manifested by hemorrhages or exudation, and at the end of follow-up 64% ended in the phase of subretinal fibrosis. Small subretinal hemorrhages resolve spontaneously and leave a fibrotic or atrophic scar. But PEHC can cause significant visual loss and therefore in patients with severe retinal involvement, in lesions that threaten the macula or in progressive lesions, more aggressive therapies are required. Cases with vitreous hemorrhage or those that threaten the macula should be treated.Photocoagulation, cryotherapy and in recent years intravitreal antiangiogenic medication and combined treatments have been used for their treatment.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0065">13–18</a> Alforja et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0065">13</a> have treated these lesions with intravitreal bevacizumab and achieved stabilisation or regression of the lesions after 32 months of follow-up, with atrophy of the RPE or subretinal fibrotic scarring occurring after two or three injections; in three patients (13% of cases), the lesions extended to the macular area, despite treatment with repeated injections of antiangiogenic drugs, with consequent visual loss. Takkar et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0090">18</a> treated PEHC lesions with macular involvement with combined anti-VEGF therapy (a single dose of bevacizumab) associated with laser photocoagulation of the suspected extrafoveal CNVM area, completely resolving the macular RSL at 3 months, so combined therapy could be a good management option.The present study has the limitation of being a retrospective study, but it may pave the way for further studies to assess the relationship between AMD and PEHC.ConclusionsPEHC is a rare disease, often associated with AMD, which typically presents as a peripheral mass and can be confused with choroidal melanoma, hence the importance of learning to identify it and making the differential diagnosis with intraocular tumours to avoid unnecessary treatment. Antiangiogenic therapy is effective in most patients in the active phase (exudative/hemorrhagic), leading to fibrosis of the hemorrhagic areas in the periphery.FundingThe authors declare that they have not received any funding for this work.Conflict of interestNo conflicts of interest were declared by the authors." "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [ "secciones" => array:12 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "xres1838666" "titulo" => "Abstract" "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0005" "titulo" => "Objective" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0010" "titulo" => "Methods" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0015" "titulo" => "Results" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0020" "titulo" => "Conclusions" ] ] ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1602319" "titulo" => "Keywords" ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "xres1838665" "titulo" => "Resumen" "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0025" "titulo" => "Objetivo" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0030" "titulo" => "Métodos" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0035" "titulo" => "Resultados" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0040" "titulo" => "Conclusiones" ] ] ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1602320" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" ] 4 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0005" "titulo" => "Introduction" ] 5 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0010" "titulo" => "Material and methods" ] 6 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0015" "titulo" => "Results" ] 7 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0020" "titulo" => "Discussion" ] 8 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0025" "titulo" => "Conclusions" ] 9 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0030" "titulo" => "Funding" ] 10 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0035" "titulo" => "Conflict of interest" ] 11 => array:1 [ "titulo" => "References" ] ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "fechaRecibido" => "2022-01-28" "fechaAceptado" => "2022-04-13" "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [ "en" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Keywords" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1602319" "palabras" => array:3 [ 0 => "Peripheral subretinal hemorrhage" 1 => "Age related macular degeneration" 2 => "Pseudomelanoma" ] ] ] "es" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1602320" "palabras" => array:3 [ 0 => "Hemorragia subretiniana periférica" 1 => "Degeneración macular asociada con la edad" 2 => "Pseudomelanoma" ] ] ] ] "tieneResumen" => true "resumen" => array:2 [ "en" => array:3 [ "titulo" => "Abstract" "resumen" => "ObjectiveTo publish the clinical characteristics of peripheral exudative hemorrhagic chorioretinopathy (PHEC) in the Spanish population. MethodsRetrospective study and analysis of results in patients diagnosed with PHEC. The clinical characteristics, by OCT, the treatment used and the evolution after treatment were collected. Results39 eyes of 23 patients with PHEC were evaluated. The average age at diagnosis was 79 years (66–94 years). The main ocular symptom was low vision in 26 eyes (66.6%); only 11 eyes (28.2%) were asymptomatic. The most frequent referred diagnosis was bleeding/exudation in 24 eyes (61.5%), followed by choroidal melanoma in 9 (23.1%). Intra or subretinal hemorrhages were the type of peripheral lesion most frequently found, in 24 eyes (61.5%). Twenty-five eyes (58.9%) received some type of treatment: 15 eyes (60%) underwent intravitreal injection (IIV) of antiangiogenic agents (anti-VEGF); Laser photocoagulation was performed in 2 cases (8%), Photodynamic therapy in 2 cases (8%) and 6 cases (18.2%) required pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) due to vitreous hemorrhage. There were no changes in visual acuity (VA) in patients followed with observation between baseline 0.66±0.80 (0.04–2.82) and end of follow-up 0.75±0.96 (0.00–2.82) (P=.352), nor for those who received some type of treatment between the beginning 0.78±0.79 (0.04–2.30) and the end 1.22±1.01 (0.04–2.82) (P=.157), possibly due to the large component of atrophic or exudative age-related macular degeneration (AMD) presented in both groups. (29 eyes presented atrophic or exudative AMD) ConclusionsPHEC is a rare pathology, frequently associated with AMD, which typically presents as a peripheral mass that is frequently confused with choroidal melanoma and other intraocular tumors and hence the importance of learning to identify it, making the correct differential diagnosis and avoid unnecessary treatments. Antiangiogenic therapy is effective in most patients with an active phase (exudative/hemorrhagic) into leading to fibrosis of peripheral hemorrhagic areas." "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0005" "titulo" => "Objective" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0010" "titulo" => "Methods" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0015" "titulo" => "Results" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0020" "titulo" => "Conclusions" ] ] ] "es" => array:3 [ "titulo" => "Resumen" "resumen" => "ObjetivoPublicar las características clínicas de la coriorretinopatía exudativo hemorrágica periférica (CEHP) en la población española. MétodosEstudio retrospectivo y análisis de resultados en pacientes con diagnóstico de CEHP. Fueron recogidas las características clínicas, por OCT, el tratamiento utilizado y la evolución posterior al tratamiento. ResultadosSe evaluaron 39 ojos de 23 pacientes con CEHP. La edad promedio al diagnóstico fue de 79 años (66–94 años). El síntoma ocular principal fue la disminución visual en 26 ojos (66,6%), siendo 11 ojos (28.2%) asintomáticos. El diagnóstico de referencia más frecuente fue sangrado/exudación en 24 ojos (61.5%), le siguió melanoma coroideo con 9 (23.1%). Las hemorragias intra o subretinianas fueron el tipo de lesión periférica más frecuentemente encontrado, en 24 ojos (61.5%). Veinticinco ojos (58.9%) recibieron algún tipo de tratamiento: A 15 ojos (60%) se les realizó inyección intravítrea (IIV) de antioangiogénicos (anti-VEGF); se realizó fotocoagulación con láser en 2 casos (8%), Terapia fotodinámica en 2 casos (8%) y 6 casos (18.2%) precisaron vitrectomía vía pars plana (VPP) por hemorragia vítrea. No hubo cambios en la agudeza visual (AV) en los pacientes seguidos con observación entre el inicio 0.66±0,80 (0,04−2,82) y el fin de seguimiento 0,75±0,96 (0,00–2,82) (P=,352), ni para los que recibieron algún tipo de tratamiento entre inicio 0,78±0,79 (0,04–2,30) y fin 1,22±1,01 (0,04–2,82) (P=,157), posiblemente debido al gran componente de degeneración macular asociada con la edad (DMAE) atrófica o exudativa presente en ambos grupos. (29 ojos presentaron DMAE atrófica o exudativa) ConclusionesLa CEHP es una patología poco frecuente, asociada frecuentemente con DMAE, que se presenta típicamente como una masa periférica que se confunde frecuentemente con melanoma coroideo y otros tumores intraoculares y de ahí la importancia de aprender a identificarla, hacer el correcto diagnóstico diferencial y así evitar tratamientos innecesarios. La terapia antiangiogenica es efectiva en la mayoría de los pacientes en fase activa (exudativa/hemorrágica), llevando a la fibrosis de las zonas hemorrágicas en periferia." "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0025" "titulo" => "Objetivo" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0030" "titulo" => "Métodos" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0035" "titulo" => "Resultados" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0040" "titulo" => "Conclusiones" ] ] ] ] "NotaPie" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "☆" "nota" => "Please cite this article as: Larrea J, Sánchez-Ávila RM, Villota-Deleu E, Fernández-Vega Sanz A. Características clínicas de la coriorretinopatía exudativa hemorrágica periférica en un centro de referencia en España. Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol. 2022;97:603–611." ] ] "multimedia" => array:7 [ 0 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Fig. 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 2121 "Ancho" => 3175 "Tamanyo" => 614154 ] ] "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at0110" "detalle" => "Fig. " "rol" => "short" ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "86-year-old patient diagnosed with PEHC: A) Ultra-widefield photograph with extensive area of subretinal hemorrhage in the superior and temporal region, with macular involvement; an IVI of aflibercept was performed. B) Second month post-IVI with a decrease in subretinal hemorrhage; a second IVI of alfibercept was performed. C) Third month of evolution, with a significant decrease in subretinal hemorrhage associated with area of superior and temporal pigment dispersion and area of parafoveal geographic atrophy, a third IVI of aflibercept was performed. D) Fifth month of evolution with almost complete resolution of the hemorrhage in the temporal region associated with pigment dispersion in the superior and temporal region. E) Initial OCT B-Scan with subretinal hemorrhage and large lifting in the macular area. F) Final OCT B-Scan with areas of RPE atrophy in macular region justifying a limited visual recovery." ] ] 1 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "fig0010" "etiqueta" => "Fig. 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg" "Alto" => 3413 "Ancho" => 3175 "Tamanyo" => 900104 ] ] "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at0115" "detalle" => "Fig. " "rol" => "short" ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "81-year-old patient with a history of PPV and an IVI of bevacizumab for vitreous hemorrhage secondary to PEHC in the LA. Postoperative evolution. A) Ultra-widefield photograph one week after PPV + IVI, showing an extensive area of temporal fibrosis due to subretinal neovascularisation with predominantly inferior exudation associated with small areas of inferotemporal hemorrhage. B) One year after surgery+IVI with temporal fibrosis and disappearance of areas of exudation/hemorrhages in the inferior zone. C) Two years later with recurrence of hemorrhage and exudation in the temporal and inferior region, left under observation as it did not affect the fovea. D) One year after recurrence with complete temporal fibrosis of the area." ] ] 2 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "fig0015" "etiqueta" => "Fig. 3" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr3.jpeg" "Alto" => 2324 "Ancho" => 3175 "Tamanyo" => 584655 ] ] "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at0120" "detalle" => "Fig. " "rol" => "short" ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "73-year-old patient referred for suspected choroidal melanoma in the right eye and vitreous hemorrhage in the left eye: A) Ultra-widefield fundus photograph of the right eye with abundant drusen in the posterior pole, focal areas of subretinal hemorrhages in the temporal and superior temporal periphery. B) Ultra-widefield autofluorescence of the RE showing well-defined areas of subretinal hemorrhage. C) OCT B-Scan RE with elevations of the RPE corresponding to soft drusen. D) B-mode ultrasound of the LE with vitreous hemorrhage and bulges in the periphery corresponding to areas of subretinal hemorrhage." ] ] 3 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0005" "etiqueta" => "Table 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at0125" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:2 [ "leyenda" => "AHT: arterial hypertension; DM2: diabetes mellitus type 2; HTN: hypertension; DM2: diabetes mellitus type 2." "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Characteristics (n=23) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">N (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Age (years): mean±SD (range) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">79.3±7.6 (66.0−94.0) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Gender: female/male \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">17 (73.9%)/6 (26.1) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">AHT \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">16 (69.6%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Hypercholesterolemia \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">7 (30.4%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">DM2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">4 (17.4%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Cardiopathies \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Ischemic \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">4 (17.4%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Arrhythmia \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">3 (13.0%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Oral antiplatelet \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">6 (26%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Oral anticoagulant \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">7 (30.4%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Patient characteristics and initial diagnosis." ] ] 4 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0010" "etiqueta" => "Table 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at0130" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:2 [ "leyenda" => "NPDS: non-perforating deep sclerectomy; POAG: Primary open angle glaucoma; PSX: pseudoexfoliation; PPV: pars plana vitrectomy." "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Findings \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">N (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Previous eye diseases \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">POAG \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">6 (13.0%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Myopia magna \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">4 (4.7%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Capsular PSX \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">4 (4.7%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Amblyopia \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1 (2.2%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Previous eye surgeries \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Cataract surgery \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">23 (50.0%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">NPDS \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1 (2.2%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">PPV \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1 (2.2%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Enclosure+PPV \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1 (2.2%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Visual symptoms \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Decreased vision \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">26 (66.6%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Metamorphopsia \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">15 (38.4%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Asymptotic \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">11 (28.2%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Scotoma \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">7 (17.9%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Myodesopsias \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">3 (7.6%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Baseline diagnosis \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Bleeding/exudation \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">24 (61.5%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Choroidal melanoma \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">9 (23.1%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Retinal detachment \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">3 (7.6%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Retinal lymphoma \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2 (5.1%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Macroaneurysm \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1 (2.5%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Associated ophthalmological diseases, symptoms and reference diagnosis." ] ] 5 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0015" "etiqueta" => "Table 3" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at0135" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:2 [ "leyenda" => "BVVA: best corrected visual acuity; PED: pigment epithelial detachment; PEHC: peripheral exudative hemorrhagic chorioretinopathy; PED: pigment epithelial detachment." "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Features \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">N (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Compromised eyes (n=39 eyes) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Right/left \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">18 (46.2%)/21 (53.8%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Unilateral \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">7 (30.4%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Bilateral \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">16 (69.6%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Symmetrical \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">10 (62.5%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Asymmetric \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">6 (37.5%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">BCVA Snellen at start \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">20/20–20/40 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">21 (53.8%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">20/50–20/200 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">10 (25.6%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">20/200 or worse \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">8 (20.5%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Characteristics of peripheral lesions \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Intra/subretinal hemorrhage \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">24 (61.5%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Serous/hemorrhagic PED \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">18 (46.1%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Subretinal fibrosis \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">16 (41.0%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Lipid exudation \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">15 (38.5%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Subretinal fluid \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">13 (33.3%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Hemovitreous \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">9 (23.1%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Extent of PEHC lesions \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Focal (<3h) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">13 (33.3%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Diffuse (3–6h) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">15 (38.5%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Subtotal (>6h) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">11 (28.2%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Location of injuries \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Temporal lower \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">33 (84.6%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Temporal upper \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">19 (48.7%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Lower Nasal \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">12 (30.8%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Upper Nasal \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">8 (20.5%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Number of injuries \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">One \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">17 (43.6%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Two \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">11 (28.2%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Three \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">9 (23.1%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Four \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2 (5.1%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Ophthalmological features of presentation of PEHC." ] ] 6 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0020" "etiqueta" => "Table 4" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at0140" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:2 [ "leyenda" => "AMD: age-related macular degeneration; PED: pigment epithelium detachment; CME: cystic macular edema; RPE: retinal pigment epithelium; SRF: subretinal fluid; ERM: epiretinal membrane; CNV: choroidal neovascularisation; VEGF: vascular endothelial growth factor; PPV: pars plana vitrectomy; IVI: intravitreal injections." "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Features \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">N (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Fundus macular lesions \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Drusen \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">33 (84.6%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Macular atrophy \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">22 (56.4%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">RPE disturbances \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">16 (41.0%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Fibrosis \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">16 (41.0%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Lipid exudates \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">11 (28.2%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">CME \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">10 (25.6%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">CNV \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">9 (23.1%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">ERM \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">6 (2.6%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">AMD \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Dry \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">19 (48.7%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Wet \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">10 (23.0%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Macular OCT findings \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Fibrosis \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">14 (35.9%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">CME \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">14 (35.9%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">SRF \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">10 (25.6%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">CNV \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">8 (20.5%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">ERM \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">9 (23.1%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">PED \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">4 (10.3%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Treatment \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Anti-VEGF \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">15 (60.0%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Ranimizumab \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">6 (40.1%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Aflibercept \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">7 (46.6%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Bevacizumab \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2 (13.3%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">No. of IVI (median, range) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">6.8 (3.3–34) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Laser photocoagulation \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2 (8%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Photodynamic therapy \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2 (8%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">PPV \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">6 (24%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Duration between diagnosis and PPV (months) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Average (median, range) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2.3 (2.5.1–3) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Ophthalmological macular fundus features, OCT and treatment." ] ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "References" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0005" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:20 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0005" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Updated systematic review and clinical spectrum of peripheral exudative hemorrhagic chorioretinopathy" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "A.H. Badawi" 1 => "V.A. Semidey" 2 => "M. Magliyah" 3 => "H. Al-Dhibi" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.4103/meajo" "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Middle East Afr J Ophthalmol." "fecha" => "2020" "volumen" => "29" "paginaInicial" => "4" "paginaFinal" => "9" ] ] ] ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0010" "etiqueta" => "2" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Hematomas under the retinal pigment epithelium" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "A.B. Reese" 1 => "I.S. Jones" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/0002-9394(62)93009-X" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Am J Ophthalmol." 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Clinical characteristics of peripheral exudative hemorrhagic chorioretinopathy in a referral center in Spain

Características clínicas de la coriorretinopatía exudativa hemorrágica periférica en un centro de referencia en España

J. Larrea

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jaimelarreag@gmail.com

Corresponding author.

, R.M. Sánchez-Ávila, E. Villota-Deleu, A. Fernández-Vega Sanz

Instituto Universitario Fernández-Vega, Fundación de Investigación Oftalmológica, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain

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          "en" => "<p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">73-year-old patient referred for suspected choroidal melanoma in the right eye and vitreous hemorrhage in the left eye&#58; A&#41; Ultra-widefield fundus photograph of the right eye with abundant drusen in the posterior pole&#44; focal areas of subretinal hemorrhages in the temporal and superior temporal periphery&#46; B&#41; Ultra-widefield autofluorescence of the RE showing well-defined areas of subretinal hemorrhage&#46; C&#41; OCT B-Scan RE with elevations of the RPE corresponding to soft drusen&#46; D&#41; B-mode ultrasound of the LE with vitreous hemorrhage and bulges in the periphery corresponding to areas of subretinal hemorrhage&#46;</p>"
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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0065">Introduction</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Peripheral exudative hemorrhagic chorioretinopathy &#40;PEHC&#41; is the term used to describe a clinical entity occurring in the peripheral retina&#44; associated with peripheral hemorrhagic detachments of the retinal pigment epithelium &#40;RPE&#41; with exudation and fibrosis&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a></p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">It was first described in 1962 by Reese and Jones as chorioretinal lesions similar to AMD lesions&#44; unusually located outside the macular region&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> but it was Annesley in 1980 who first named the entity by the name by which it is currently known which is PEHC&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> The incidence of this pathology is not well known due to its low frequency&#44; difficulty of diagnosis and lack of standardisation of its clinical entity&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> It occurs more frequently in older age groups&#44; with an average age of presentation of 80 years&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a></p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The exact etiology of PEHC remains unknown&#59; however in 2009 Mantel et al&#46; suggested a neovascular origin based on findings found in fluorescein angiography and indocyanine green angiography &#40;ICG&#41;&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> so some authors have suggested that it could be a variant of wet-type age-related macular degeneration &#40;AMD&#41; as they share clinical similarities such as the frequent presence of drusen in both pathologies&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> Another hypothesis is that it could share a pathophysiological origin with choroidal polypoidal vasculopathy &#40;CPV&#41; recently described as type 1 choroidal neovascularisation with aneurysmal dilatations and included in the spectrum of pachychoroidal diseases&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6&#8211;8</span></a> Goldman et al&#46; in 2013 reported 10 eyes with findings of polyps and neovascular network seen by ICG&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> Recently&#44; Shroff et al&#46; described 14 eyes with PEHC with thicker choroid towards the temporal side &#40;272&#46;7<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>80&#46;2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#956;m&#41; compared to a control group where the choroid was thicker subfoveally &#40;259&#46;7<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>63&#46;8<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#956;m&#41;&#44; thus proposing to include PEHC within the pachychoroid spectrum diseases&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a></p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">PEHC typically presents as a peripheral mass that may mimic a choroidal melanoma &#40;pseudomelanoma&#41;&#44; hence the importance of identifying them and making the differential diagnosis with intraocular tumours&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10&#44;11</span></a> Shields et al&#46; in 2006 found that PEHC accounted for 13&#37; of pseudomelanomas referred to the ocular oncology department&#44; second only to choroidal <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">nevus</span> with 49&#37;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a> This disorder is distinguished from vasoproliferative neoplasms and tumours by its characteristics at presentation&#44; with a predominance of the exudative and hemorrhagic nature of the lesions&#44; temporal rather than nasal location in the extreme periphery of the fundus and spontaneous regression to fibrotic scars&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11&#44;12</span></a></p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">To date&#44; there is no consensus treatment for PEHC&#46; Intravitreal injections &#40;IVI&#41; of antioangiogenic &#40;anti-VEGF&#41; drugs&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0065"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13&#8211;19</span></a> photodynamic therapy&#44; laser photocoagulation and observation without treatment have been described&#44; which is sometimes sufficient due to the usual natural history of the lesions which tend to involute leaving a fibrotic scar in the periphery&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0090"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span></a> Another therapeutic option is surgery&#44; with PPV being performed in cases of vitreous hemorrhage&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0095"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19&#44;20</span></a> To our knowledge&#44; there are no publications describing this disease in the Spanish population&#44; so the aim of this clinical study is to describe the clinical characteristics of PEHC&#44; the treatments applied and its evolution over time &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#fig0005">Figs&#46; 1&#8211;3</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0015"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0070">Material and methods</span><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A retrospective study and analysis of the results was carried out in patients with PEHC diagnosed between 1 October 2005 and 31 March 2021 at the Instituto Oftalmol&#243;gico Universitario Fern&#225;ndez-Vega&#46; All patients included in the study signed informed consent for the treatments applied&#46; This study was approved by the institution&#39;s ethics committee and complied with the principles of the Helsinki declaration&#46;</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A complete ophthalmological examination was performed under slit lamp&#44; assessing the condition of the ocular surface and cornea&#44; anterior chamber&#44; lens and fundus&#46; Inclusion criteria were&#58; Diagnosis of PEHC &#40;fibrotic&#47;serohemorrhagic peripheral RPE detachments&#44; associated with exudation&#44; sub&#47;intraretinal hemorrhages or subretinal fibrosis&#41; and who had undergone retinography either 45&#176; or ultra-widefield &#40;Optos California&#174;&#44; Dunfermline&#44; UK&#41;&#44; optical coherence tomography &#40;OCT&#44; CIRRUS&#174; 6000&#44; Jena Germany or previous models&#41;&#46; Exclusion criteria comprised clinical history with insufficient data&#44; follow-up of less than one year&#44; history of coexistence with any other retinal disease not related to PEHC&#44; except AMD&#46;</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Data were obtained from medical records&#44; analysing demographic variables &#40;age&#44; gender&#41;&#44; history of clinical metabolic diseases &#40;arterial hypertension &#91;HTN&#93;&#44; type 2 diabetes mellitus &#91;DM-2&#93;&#44; heart disease&#44; hypercholesterolemia&#41;&#44; pharmacological history &#40;anticoagulant or antiplatelet therapy&#41;&#44; visual symptoms for which the patient visited the clinic and initial baseline diagnosis&#46; Snellen best-corrected visual acuity &#40;BCVA&#41; assessed at baseline and at the end of follow-up&#44; as well as the presence or absence of AMD on fundus examination and OCT&#46; The findings of PEHC were recorded according to clinical examination &#40;intra- or subretinal hemorrhages&#44; serous or hemorrhagic detachments&#44; subretinal fluid&#44; subretinal fibrosis&#44; lipid exudation&#44; hemovitreous&#41;&#44; by the evolutionary phase of PEHC &#40;active &#91;exudative&#47;hemorrhagic&#93; or inactive &#91;fibrotic&#93;&#41;&#44; the location by quadrants &#40;upper temporal&#44; lower temporal&#44; lower nasal&#44; upper nasal&#41;&#44; the extent of lesions &#40;focal &#91;less than 3 time spindles&#93;&#44; diffuse &#91;4&#8211;6 time spindles&#93;&#44; subtotal &#91;greater than 6 time spindles&#93; and the number of lesions found&#46; Unilateral involvement was defined as affecting only one eye with active PHEP&#44; symmetrical bilateral involvement if active PEHC was found in both eyes&#44; and asymmetrical bilateral involvement if active PEHC was found in one eye and inactive PEHC in the contralateral eye&#46;</p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Macular OCT findings were described as&#58; subretinal macular fibrosis&#44; cystic macular oedema &#40;CME&#41;&#44; subretinal fluid &#40;SRF&#41;&#44; choroidal neovascularisation &#40;CNV&#41;&#44; epiretinal membrane &#40;ERM&#41; and retinal pigment epithelium detachment &#40;RPE&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Patients with active phase PEHC were treated with anti-VEGF IVI&#44; as were patients with AMD in the exudative phase&#44; particularly if it threatened the macula&#46; If the PEHC was in fibrotic phase&#44; clinical follow-up and observation without treatment was performed&#59; cases with vitreous hemorrhage that did not reabsorb after one month of follow-up were treated with PPV&#46;</p><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Categorical variables were presented as numbers and percentages&#44; continuous variables as averages and standard deviations&#46; BCVA was transformed to log-log scale of the minimum angle of resolution &#40;logMAR&#41; for statistical analysis&#46; The Wilcoxon test was used for non-parametric variables&#44; statistical significance was set as a value of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;05&#46; SPSS software&#174; v&#46;20&#46;0 for Windows &#40;SPSS&#174;&#44; Inc&#46;&#44; Chicago&#44; IL&#44; USA&#41; was used for all statistical analyses&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0075">Results</span><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Twenty-three patients &#40;39 eyes&#59; bilateral involvement in 16 patients &#91;69&#46;6&#37;&#93;&#41;&#44; with a diagnosis of PEHC were included &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>&#41;&#46; PEHC was more frequent in females &#40;73&#46;9&#37;&#41; with overall mean age of 79&#46;3 years &#40;&#177;7&#46;6&#41; &#40;range&#58; 66&#8211;94&#41;&#44; for males it was 80&#46;7<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>8&#46;4 &#40;71&#8211;94&#41;&#44; and for females 78&#46;8 years<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>7&#46;3 &#40;66&#8211;90&#41;&#46; Mean follow-up time was 6&#46;1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3&#46;8 years&#46; HTN was the most frequent metabolic risk factor with 16 patients &#40;69&#46;6&#37;&#41;&#44; followed by hypercholesterolemia with 7 &#40;30&#46;4&#37;&#41;&#44; DM-2 with 4 &#40;17&#46;4&#37;&#41;&#44; ischemic heart disease with 4 &#40;17&#46;4&#37;&#41; and finally arrhythmic heart disease with 3 patients &#40;13&#37;&#41;&#46; Six patients &#40;26&#37;&#41; were being treated with oral antiplatelet drugs and 7 &#40;30&#46;4&#37;&#41; with oral anticoagulants&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Among the ophthalmological antecedents&#44; primary open-angle glaucoma &#40;POAG&#41; was found to be the most frequently associated ocular disease&#44; present in 13&#37; of the patients&#46; Fifty percent of the patients had cataract surgery prior to the diagnosis of PEHC&#44; one case with non-penetrating deep sclerectomy &#40;NPSC&#41; for POAG&#44; one case with PPV due to vitreous hemorrhage and one case with cerclage &#43; PPV due to retinal detachment &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a>&#41;&#46; The most frequent ocular symptom was decreased visual acuity in 66&#46;6&#37; of patients&#44; 28&#46;2&#37; of cases were asymptomatic&#46; The most frequent reference diagnosis was bleeding&#47;exudation in 24 cases &#40;61&#46;5&#37;&#41;&#44; followed by choroidal melanoma with 9 &#40;23&#46;1&#37;&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Of the 39 eyes involved with PEHC&#44; 46&#46;2&#37; were right eyes and 69&#46;6&#37; had bilateral involvement&#59; of these&#44; 62&#46;5&#37; had symmetrical presentation&#44; i&#46;e&#46; both eyes had some type of activity manifested by intra&#47;subretinal hemorrhage or hemovitreous and 37&#46;5&#37; were asymmetrical&#44; one eye having hemorrhagic activity and the other in the cicatricial phase &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">Table 3</a>&#41;&#46; Thus&#44; in total&#44; 33 &#40;84&#46;6&#37;&#41; of the eyes with PEHC were in the active hemorrhagic phase and 6 eyes &#40;15&#46;4&#37;&#41; were in the cicatricial phase at diagnosis&#46; The majority of patients &#40;53&#46;8&#37;&#41; had an average onset VA between 20&#47;20 to 20&#47;40&#46; Intra- or subretinal hemorrhages were the most frequent peripheral lesion types found in 61&#46;5&#37; of the eyes with PEHC&#44; followed by serous or hemorrhagic PEDs in 46&#46;1&#37; and subretinal fibrosis in 41&#37; &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">Table 3</a>&#41;&#46; The most frequent location of the lesions was the inferior temporal quadrant &#40;84&#46;6&#37;&#41;&#44; with diffuse extension as the most frequent form of presentation with 15 cases &#40;38&#46;5&#37;&#41; and in terms of number of lesions the most frequent was one lesion in 17 cases &#40;43&#46;6&#37;&#41;&#46; At the time of diagnosis 41&#37; of the cases were in the hemorrhagic and&#47;or exudative phase in the periphery&#44; 38&#37; in the mixed phase &#40;hemorrhagic and&#47;or exudative plus areas of fibrosis&#41; and 20&#46;5&#37; in the fibrosis phase&#46; On the other hand&#44; at the end of follow-up&#44; 64&#46;1&#37; were in the fibrosis phase&#44; 20&#46;5&#37; in the mixed phase and 5&#46;1&#37; in the hemorrhagic phase&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0015"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Drusen were the most frequently found lesions in the macular region in 33 eyes &#40;84&#46;6&#37;&#41;&#44; followed by geographic macular atrophy in 22 eyes &#40;56&#46;4&#37;&#41; &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0020">Table 4</a>&#41;&#46; Nineteen eyes &#40;48&#46;7&#37;&#41; had dry-atrophic AMD and 10 &#40;23&#37;&#41; active wet-neovascular AMD&#59; of these&#44; 7 had active PEHC and 3 were in the phase of subretinal fibrosis&#46; Of the 7 patients with unilateral PEHC&#44; in the contralateral eye&#44; 4 had dry AMD and 2 had active wet AMD&#44; i&#46;e&#46; the finding of AMD in the contralateral eye was present in 85&#46;7&#37; of the cases&#46; The most frequent OCT findings were macular fibrosis and CME in 14 eyes &#40;35&#46;9&#37;&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0020"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Twenty-five eyes &#40;58&#46;9&#37;&#41; diagnosed with PEHC received some form of treatment&#46; The most commonly used treatment was anti-VEGF in 15 eyes &#40;60&#37;&#41;&#44; of which 10 had active wet AMD and PEHC and 5 had <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">de novo</span> anti-VEGF for PEHC&#44; with an average IVI number of 6&#46;8 &#40;range&#58; 3&#8722;34&#41; &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0020">Table 4</a>&#41;&#46; Of the 15 patients treated with anti-VEGF&#44; 8 eyes &#40;53&#46;3&#37;&#41; had complete resolution of lesions in the periphery and did not require further IVI&#44; transitioning from a hemorrhagic&#47;exudative state to areas of RPE atrophy associated with areas of subretinal fibrosis in an average time of 5&#46;3 months and the other 7 eyes &#40;46&#46;6&#37;&#41; had partial resolution of lesions and required IVI again with an average stability period of 4&#46;3 months &#40;&#177;3&#46;6&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">There was no change in VA between baseline and end of follow-up&#44; for eyes with observation only&#44; baseline 0&#46;66<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;80 &#40;0&#46;04&#8211;2&#46;82&#41; and end 0&#46;75<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;96 &#40;0&#46;00&#8211;2&#46;82&#41; &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;352&#41;&#59; nor for those who received any treatment start 0&#46;78<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;79 &#40;0&#46;04&#8211;2&#46;30&#41; and end 1&#46;22<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#46;01 &#40;0&#46;04&#8211;2&#46;82&#41; &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;157&#41;&#58; this was possibly due to the large component of associated atrophic or exudative AMD in both groups&#46; There is a correlation between the occurrence of PEHC and ETS &#40;r&#58; 0&#46;37&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&#58; &#46;01&#41;&#46; No correlation was found between the appearance of PEHC and hypercholesterolemia &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;23&#41; or DM2 &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;81&#41;&#44; nor was there any correlation between the use of antiplatelet or anticoagulant drugs and the appearance of PEHC &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;35&#41;&#44; but we did see that it was related to the appearance of vitreous hemorrhage&#44; since of the 9 patients who presented it&#44; either at the time of diagnosis of PEHC or during follow-up&#44; 5 of them were on anticoagulant treatment and 2 on antiplatelet therapy&#44; which means that 77&#46;7&#37; of patients who presented with vitreous hemorrhage were on anticoagulant or antiplatelet therapy&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080">Discussion</span><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">PEHC is a degenerative disease affecting the peripheral retina generally described in elderly patients<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3&#8211;5</span></a> which agrees with the findings found in our study &#40;mean age 79&#46;3 years&#41;&#46; AHT was the most frequent risk factor &#40;69&#46;6&#37;&#41;&#44; finding a correlation with PEHC &#40;r&#58; 0&#46;337&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;010&#41;&#44; also reported in other studies&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3&#8211;5&#44;9&#44;10</span></a> The present study did not find a correlation between the use of antiplatelet or anticoagulant drugs and the occurrence of PEHC &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;353&#41;&#59; however&#44; this is a history with a high frequency in the patients studied &#40;26&#37; oral antiplatelet drugs and 30&#46;4&#37; oral anticoagulants&#41;&#44; so it is possible that the presenting symptoms with vitreous hemorrhage are related to the high frequency of anticoagulant&#47;antiplatelet treatment in our patients&#46;</p><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Given the peripheral location of the lesions and their clinical appearance as an elevated subretinal mass&#44; dark in most cases&#44; it is important to differentiate these lesions from choroidal melanomas&#46; We report 23&#46;1&#37; of referrals with this diagnosis&#44; as it is one of the main causes of pseudomelanoma and diagnostic confusion&#46; Recognising this lesion can spare the patient from aggressive treatment such as radiation or enucleation&#46; PEHC should be considered in the differential diagnosis of vitreous hemorrhage and subretinal tumours in the elderly&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0100"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20</span></a></p><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">PEHC manifests with intra&#47;subretinal hemorrhages&#44; serous or hemorrhagic detachments of the RPE&#44; lipid exudation and in more severe cases exudative retinal detachments and may present as a single isolated lesion or as multiple lesions that may be confluent&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> In the population of this study&#44; the most frequent form of presentation was intra&#47;subretinal hemorrhages in 61&#46;5&#37; of cases&#44; with the number of lesions in the periphery being the most frequent single isolated lesion in 43&#46;6&#37; of cases and the most frequent location in the inferior temporal quadrant in 84&#46;6&#37; of cases&#44; similar to that reported by Vandefonteyne et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a> where the most frequent location was in the inferior temporal quadrant &#40;78&#46;6&#37;&#41;&#46; Vitreous hemorrhage may be a frequent form of presentation and should be taken into account when making the diagnosis&#46;</p><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The majority of patients were symptomatic&#44; showing some degree of visual impairment&#59; 67&#46;4&#37; had metamorphopsia&#44; 38&#46;4&#37; had metamorphopsia and only 28&#46;2&#37; were asymptomatic&#46; This does not match the numbers reported by Shields<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> in which 89&#37; of patients with PEHC were asymptomatic&#46; We believe that this discrepancy is due to the high incidence of AMD &#40;71&#46;7&#37;&#41; and its complications&#44; which left important visual sequelae in our population&#46; Our incidence of AMD in patients with PEHC is very similar to that reported by Mantel et al&#46;&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> which was 68&#46;9&#37;&#46;</p><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">PEHC usually has a self-limiting course and therefore usually only requires observation&#46; Long-term follow-up of these patients shows regression or stability of the lesions with resolution of the fibrosis&#58; in our population&#44; 41&#37; started in the active phase&#44; manifested by hemorrhages or exudation&#44; and at the end of follow-up 64&#37; ended in the phase of subretinal fibrosis&#46; Small subretinal hemorrhages resolve spontaneously and leave a fibrotic or atrophic scar&#46; But PEHC can cause significant visual loss and therefore in patients with severe retinal involvement&#44; in lesions that threaten the macula or in progressive lesions&#44; more aggressive therapies are required&#46; Cases with vitreous hemorrhage or those that threaten the macula should be treated&#46;</p><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Photocoagulation&#44; cryotherapy and in recent years intravitreal antiangiogenic medication and combined treatments have been used for their treatment&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0065"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13&#8211;18</span></a> Alforja et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0065"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></a> have treated these lesions with intravitreal bevacizumab and achieved stabilisation or regression of the lesions after 32 months of follow-up&#44; with atrophy of the RPE or subretinal fibrotic scarring occurring after two or three injections&#59; in three patients &#40;13&#37; of cases&#41;&#44; the lesions extended to the macular area&#44; despite treatment with repeated injections of antiangiogenic drugs&#44; with consequent visual loss&#46; Takkar et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0090"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span></a> treated PEHC lesions with macular involvement with combined anti-VEGF therapy &#40;a single dose of bevacizumab&#41; associated with laser photocoagulation of the suspected extrafoveal CNVM area&#44; completely resolving the macular RSL at 3 months&#44; so combined therapy could be a good management option&#46;</p><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The present study has the limitation of being a retrospective study&#44; but it may pave the way for further studies to assess the relationship between AMD and PEHC&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0085">Conclusions</span><p id="par0125" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">PEHC is a rare disease&#44; often associated with AMD&#44; which typically presents as a peripheral mass and can be confused with choroidal melanoma&#44; hence the importance of learning to identify it and making the differential diagnosis with intraocular tumours to avoid unnecessary treatment&#46; Antiangiogenic therapy is effective in most patients in the active phase &#40;exudative&#47;hemorrhagic&#41;&#44; leading to fibrosis of the hemorrhagic areas in the periphery&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0090">Funding</span><p id="par0130" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare that they have not received any funding for this work&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0095">Conflict of interest</span><p id="par0135" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">No conflicts of interest were declared by the authors&#46;</p></span></span>"
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            0 => "Peripheral subretinal hemorrhage"
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            2 => "Pseudomelanoma"
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            0 => "Hemorragia subretiniana perif&#233;rica"
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        "titulo" => "Abstract"
        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Objective</span><p id="spar0060" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">To publish the clinical characteristics of peripheral exudative hemorrhagic chorioretinopathy &#40;PHEC&#41; in the Spanish population&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Methods</span><p id="spar0065" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Retrospective study and analysis of results in patients diagnosed with PHEC&#46; The clinical characteristics&#44; by OCT&#44; the treatment used and the evolution after treatment were collected&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Results</span><p id="spar0070" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">39 eyes of 23 patients with PHEC were evaluated&#46; The average age at diagnosis was 79 years &#40;66&#8211;94 years&#41;&#46; The main ocular symptom was low vision in 26 eyes &#40;66&#46;6&#37;&#41;&#59; only 11 eyes &#40;28&#46;2&#37;&#41; were asymptomatic&#46; The most frequent referred diagnosis was bleeding&#47;exudation in 24 eyes &#40;61&#46;5&#37;&#41;&#44; followed by choroidal melanoma in 9 &#40;23&#46;1&#37;&#41;&#46; Intra or subretinal hemorrhages were the type of peripheral lesion most frequently found&#44; in 24 eyes &#40;61&#46;5&#37;&#41;&#46; Twenty-five eyes &#40;58&#46;9&#37;&#41; received some type of treatment&#58; 15 eyes &#40;60&#37;&#41; underwent intravitreal injection &#40;IIV&#41; of antiangiogenic agents &#40;anti-VEGF&#41;&#59; Laser photocoagulation was performed in 2 cases &#40;8&#37;&#41;&#44; Photodynamic therapy in 2 cases &#40;8&#37;&#41; and 6 cases &#40;18&#46;2&#37;&#41; required pars plana vitrectomy &#40;PPV&#41; due to vitreous hemorrhage&#46; There were no changes in visual acuity &#40;VA&#41; in patients followed with observation between baseline 0&#46;66<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;80 &#40;0&#46;04&#8211;2&#46;82&#41; and end of follow-up 0&#46;75<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;96 &#40;0&#46;00&#8211;2&#46;82&#41; &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;352&#41;&#44; nor for those who received some type of treatment between the beginning 0&#46;78<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;79 &#40;0&#46;04&#8211;2&#46;30&#41; and the end 1&#46;22<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#46;01 &#40;0&#46;04&#8211;2&#46;82&#41; &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;157&#41;&#44; possibly due to the large component of atrophic or exudative age-related macular degeneration &#40;AMD&#41; presented in both groups&#46; &#40;29 eyes presented atrophic or exudative AMD&#41;</p></span> <span id="abst0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Conclusions</span><p id="spar0075" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">PHEC is a rare pathology&#44; frequently associated with AMD&#44; which typically presents as a peripheral mass that is frequently confused with choroidal melanoma and other intraocular tumors and hence the importance of learning to identify it&#44; making the correct differential diagnosis and avoid unnecessary treatments&#46; Antiangiogenic therapy is effective in most patients with an active phase &#40;exudative&#47;hemorrhagic&#41; into leading to fibrosis of peripheral hemorrhagic areas&#46;</p></span>"
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        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Objetivo</span><p id="spar0080" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Publicar las caracter&#237;sticas cl&#237;nicas de la coriorretinopat&#237;a exudativo hemorr&#225;gica perif&#233;rica &#40;CEHP&#41; en la poblaci&#243;n espa&#241;ola&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">M&#233;todos</span><p id="spar0085" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Estudio retrospectivo y an&#225;lisis de resultados en pacientes con diagn&#243;stico de CEHP&#46; Fueron recogidas las caracter&#237;sticas cl&#237;nicas&#44; por OCT&#44; el tratamiento utilizado y la evoluci&#243;n posterior al tratamiento&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Resultados</span><p id="spar0090" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se evaluaron 39 ojos de 23 pacientes con CEHP&#46; La edad promedio al diagn&#243;stico fue de 79 a&#241;os &#40;66&#8211;94 a&#241;os&#41;&#46; El s&#237;ntoma ocular principal fue la disminuci&#243;n visual en 26 ojos &#40;66&#44;6&#37;&#41;&#44; siendo 11 ojos &#40;28&#46;2&#37;&#41; asintom&#225;ticos&#46; El diagn&#243;stico de referencia m&#225;s frecuente fue sangrado&#47;exudaci&#243;n en 24 ojos &#40;61&#46;5&#37;&#41;&#44; le sigui&#243; melanoma coroideo con 9 &#40;23&#46;1&#37;&#41;&#46; Las hemorragias intra o subretinianas fueron el tipo de lesi&#243;n perif&#233;rica m&#225;s frecuentemente encontrado&#44; en 24 ojos &#40;61&#46;5&#37;&#41;&#46; Veinticinco ojos &#40;58&#46;9&#37;&#41; recibieron alg&#250;n tipo de tratamiento&#58; A 15 ojos &#40;60&#37;&#41; se les realiz&#243; inyecci&#243;n intrav&#237;trea &#40;IIV&#41; de antioangiog&#233;nicos &#40;anti-VEGF&#41;&#59; se realiz&#243; fotocoagulaci&#243;n con l&#225;ser en 2 casos &#40;8&#37;&#41;&#44; Terapia fotodin&#225;mica en 2 casos &#40;8&#37;&#41; y 6 casos &#40;18&#46;2&#37;&#41; precisaron vitrectom&#237;a v&#237;a pars plana &#40;VPP&#41; por hemorragia v&#237;trea&#46; No hubo cambios en la agudeza visual &#40;AV&#41; en los pacientes seguidos con observaci&#243;n entre el inicio 0&#46;66<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;80 &#40;0&#44;04&#8722;2&#44;82&#41; y el fin de seguimiento 0&#44;75<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;96 &#40;0&#44;00&#8211;2&#44;82&#41; &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#44;352&#41;&#44; ni para los que recibieron alg&#250;n tipo de tratamiento entre inicio 0&#44;78<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;79 &#40;0&#44;04&#8211;2&#44;30&#41; y fin 1&#44;22<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#44;01 &#40;0&#44;04&#8211;2&#44;82&#41; &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#44;157&#41;&#44; posiblemente debido al gran componente de degeneraci&#243;n macular asociada con la edad &#40;DMAE&#41; atr&#243;fica o exudativa presente en ambos grupos&#46; &#40;29 ojos presentaron DMAE atr&#243;fica o exudativa&#41;</p></span> <span id="abst0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Conclusiones</span><p id="spar0095" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">La CEHP es una patolog&#237;a poco frecuente&#44; asociada frecuentemente con DMAE&#44; que se presenta t&#237;picamente como una masa perif&#233;rica que se confunde frecuentemente con melanoma coroideo y otros tumores intraoculares y de ah&#237; la importancia de aprender a identificarla&#44; hacer el correcto diagn&#243;stico diferencial y as&#237; evitar tratamientos innecesarios&#46; La terapia antiangiogenica es efectiva en la mayor&#237;a de los pacientes en fase activa &#40;exudativa&#47;hemorr&#225;gica&#41;&#44; llevando a la fibrosis de las zonas hemorr&#225;gicas en periferia&#46;</p></span>"
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            "identificador" => "abst0040"
            "titulo" => "Conclusiones"
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      0 => array:2 [
        "etiqueta" => "&#9734;"
        "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005">Please cite this article as&#58; Larrea J&#44; S&#225;nchez-&#193;vila RM&#44; Villota-Deleu E&#44; Fern&#225;ndez-Vega Sanz A&#46; Caracter&#237;sticas cl&#237;nicas de la coriorretinopat&#237;a exudativa hemorr&#225;gica perif&#233;rica en un centro de referencia en Espa&#241;a&#46; Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol&#46; 2022&#59;97&#58;603&#8211;611&#46;</p>"
      ]
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          0 => array:4 [
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          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "at0110"
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          "en" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">86-year-old patient diagnosed with PEHC&#58; A&#41; Ultra-widefield photograph with extensive area of subretinal hemorrhage in the superior and temporal region&#44; with macular involvement&#59; an IVI of aflibercept was performed&#46; B&#41; Second month post-IVI with a decrease in subretinal hemorrhage&#59; a second IVI of alfibercept was performed&#46; C&#41; Third month of evolution&#44; with a significant decrease in subretinal hemorrhage associated with area of superior and temporal pigment dispersion and area of parafoveal geographic atrophy&#44; a third IVI of aflibercept was performed&#46; D&#41; Fifth month of evolution with almost complete resolution of the hemorrhage in the temporal region associated with pigment dispersion in the superior and temporal region&#46; E&#41; Initial OCT B-Scan with subretinal hemorrhage and large lifting in the macular area&#46; F&#41; Final OCT B-Scan with areas of RPE atrophy in macular region justifying a limited visual recovery&#46;</p>"
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      1 => array:8 [
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        "etiqueta" => "Fig&#46; 2"
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          "en" => "<p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">81-year-old patient with a history of PPV and an IVI of bevacizumab for vitreous hemorrhage secondary to PEHC in the LA&#46; Postoperative evolution&#46; A&#41; Ultra-widefield photograph one week after PPV &#43; IVI&#44; showing an extensive area of temporal fibrosis due to subretinal neovascularisation with predominantly inferior exudation associated with small areas of inferotemporal hemorrhage&#46; B&#41; One year after surgery<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#43;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>IVI with temporal fibrosis and disappearance of areas of exudation&#47;hemorrhages in the inferior zone&#46; C&#41; Two years later with recurrence of hemorrhage and exudation in the temporal and inferior region&#44; left under observation as it did not affect the fovea&#46; D&#41; One year after recurrence with complete temporal fibrosis of the area&#46;</p>"
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      2 => array:8 [
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        "etiqueta" => "Fig&#46; 3"
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          "en" => "<p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">73-year-old patient referred for suspected choroidal melanoma in the right eye and vitreous hemorrhage in the left eye&#58; A&#41; Ultra-widefield fundus photograph of the right eye with abundant drusen in the posterior pole&#44; focal areas of subretinal hemorrhages in the temporal and superior temporal periphery&#46; B&#41; Ultra-widefield autofluorescence of the RE showing well-defined areas of subretinal hemorrhage&#46; C&#41; OCT B-Scan RE with elevations of the RPE corresponding to soft drusen&#46; D&#41; B-mode ultrasound of the LE with vitreous hemorrhage and bulges in the periphery corresponding to areas of subretinal hemorrhage&#46;</p>"
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          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">AHT&#58; arterial hypertension&#59; DM2&#58; diabetes mellitus type 2&#59; HTN&#58; hypertension&#59; DM2&#58; diabetes mellitus type 2&#46;</p>"
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Characteristics &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>23&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">N &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Age &#40;years&#41;&#58; mean<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>SD &#40;range&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">79&#46;3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>7&#46;6 &#40;66&#46;0&#8722;94&#46;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Gender&#58; female&#47;male</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">17 &#40;73&#46;9&#37;&#41;&#47;6 &#40;26&#46;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">AHT</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">16 &#40;69&#46;6&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Hypercholesterolemia</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">7 &#40;30&#46;4&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">DM2</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">4 &#40;17&#46;4&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Cardiopathies</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Ischemic&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">4 &#40;17&#46;4&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Arrhythmia&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3 &#40;13&#46;0&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Oral antiplatelet&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">6 &#40;26&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Oral anticoagulant&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">7 &#40;30&#46;4&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
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          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">NPDS&#58; non-perforating deep sclerectomy&#59; POAG&#58; Primary open angle glaucoma&#59; PSX&#58; pseudoexfoliation&#59; PPV&#58; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">pars plana</span> vitrectomy&#46;</p>"
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Previous eye diseases</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>POAG&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">6 &#40;13&#46;0&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Myopia magna&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">4 &#40;4&#46;7&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Capsular PSX&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">4 &#40;4&#46;7&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Amblyopia&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1 &#40;2&#46;2&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Previous eye surgeries</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Cataract surgery&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">23 &#40;50&#46;0&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>NPDS&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1 &#40;2&#46;2&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>PPV&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1 &#40;2&#46;2&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Enclosure<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#43;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>PPV&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1 &#40;2&#46;2&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Visual symptoms</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Decreased vision&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">26 &#40;66&#46;6&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Metamorphopsia&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">15 &#40;38&#46;4&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Asymptotic&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">11 &#40;28&#46;2&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Scotoma&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">7 &#40;17&#46;9&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Myodesopsias&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3 &#40;7&#46;6&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Baseline diagnosis</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Bleeding&#47;exudation&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">24 &#40;61&#46;5&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Choroidal melanoma&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">9 &#40;23&#46;1&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Retinal detachment&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3 &#40;7&#46;6&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Retinal lymphoma&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2 &#40;5&#46;1&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Macroaneurysm&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1 &#40;2&#46;5&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Features&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">N &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Compromised eyes &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>39 eyes&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Right&#47;left&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">18 &#40;46&#46;2&#37;&#41;&#47;21 &#40;53&#46;8&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Unilateral&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">7 &#40;30&#46;4&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Bilateral&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">16 &#40;69&#46;6&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Symmetrical&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">10 &#40;62&#46;5&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Asymmetric&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">6 &#40;37&#46;5&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">BCVA Snellen at start</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>20&#47;20&#8211;20&#47;40&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">21 &#40;53&#46;8&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>20&#47;50&#8211;20&#47;200&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">10 &#40;25&#46;6&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>20&#47;200 or worse&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">8 &#40;20&#46;5&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Characteristics of peripheral lesions</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Intra&#47;subretinal hemorrhage&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">24 &#40;61&#46;5&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Serous&#47;hemorrhagic PED&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">18 &#40;46&#46;1&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Subretinal fibrosis&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">16 &#40;41&#46;0&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Lipid exudation&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">15 &#40;38&#46;5&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Subretinal fluid&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">13 &#40;33&#46;3&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Hemovitreous&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">9 &#40;23&#46;1&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">13 &#40;33&#46;3&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">15 &#40;38&#46;5&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Subtotal &#40;&#62;6<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">11 &#40;28&#46;2&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Temporal lower&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">33 &#40;84&#46;6&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Temporal upper&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">19 &#40;48&#46;7&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Lower Nasal&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">12 &#40;30&#46;8&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Upper Nasal&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">8 &#40;20&#46;5&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Number of injuries</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>One&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">17 &#40;43&#46;6&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Two&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">11 &#40;28&#46;2&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Three&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">9 &#40;23&#46;1&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Four&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2 &#40;5&#46;1&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">AMD&#58; age-related macular degeneration&#59; PED&#58; pigment epithelium detachment&#59; CME&#58; cystic macular edema&#59; RPE&#58; retinal pigment epithelium&#59; SRF&#58; subretinal fluid&#59; ERM&#58; epiretinal membrane&#59; CNV&#58; choroidal neovascularisation&#59; VEGF&#58; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">vascular endothelial growth factor&#59;</span> PPV&#58; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">pars plana</span> vitrectomy&#59; IVI&#58; intravitreal injections&#46;</p>"
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Drusen&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">33 &#40;84&#46;6&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Macular atrophy&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">22 &#40;56&#46;4&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>RPE disturbances&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">16 &#40;41&#46;0&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Fibrosis&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">16 &#40;41&#46;0&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Lipid exudates&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">11 &#40;28&#46;2&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>CME&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">10 &#40;25&#46;6&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>CNV&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">9 &#40;23&#46;1&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ERM&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">6 &#40;2&#46;6&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">AMD</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Dry&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">19 &#40;48&#46;7&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Wet&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">10 &#40;23&#46;0&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Macular OCT findings</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Fibrosis&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">14 &#40;35&#46;9&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>CME&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">14 &#40;35&#46;9&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>SRF&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">10 &#40;25&#46;6&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>CNV&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">8 &#40;20&#46;5&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ERM&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">9 &#40;23&#46;1&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>PED&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">4 &#40;10&#46;3&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Treatment</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Anti-VEGF&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">15 &#40;60&#46;0&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Ranimizumab&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">6 &#40;40&#46;1&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Aflibercept&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">7 &#40;46&#46;6&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2 &#40;13&#46;3&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>No&#46; of IVI &#40;median&#44; range&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">6&#46;8 &#40;3&#46;3&#8211;34&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Laser photocoagulation&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2 &#40;8&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Photodynamic therapy&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2 &#40;8&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>PPV&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">6 &#40;24&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Duration between diagnosis and PPV &#40;months&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Average &#40;median&#44; range&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2&#46;3 &#40;2&#46;5&#46;1&#8211;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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          "en" => "<p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Ophthalmological macular fundus features&#44; OCT and treatment&#46;</p>"
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