Review
Prematurity: A medical history of obligatory consideration when assessing the retinal ganglion cell complex
La prematuridad: un antecedente de obligada consideración a la hora de valorar el complejo de células ganglionares de la retina
Read
1
Timeswas read the article
0
Total PDF
1
Total HTML
Share statistics
array:24 [ "pii" => "S2173579422001232" "issn" => "21735794" "doi" => "10.1016/j.oftale.2022.08.001" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2022-11-01" "aid" => "2034" "copyright" => "Sociedad Española de Oftalmología" "copyrightAnyo" => "2022" "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 1 "subdocumento" => "rev" "cita" => "Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol. 2022;97:646-54" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "Traduccion" => array:1 [ "es" => array:19 [ "pii" => "S0365669122001617" "issn" => "03656691" "doi" => "10.1016/j.oftal.2022.06.001" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2022-11-01" "aid" => "2034" "copyright" => "Sociedad Española de Oftalmología" "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 1 "subdocumento" => "rev" "cita" => "Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol. 2022;97:646-54" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "es" => array:12 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Revisión</span>" "titulo" => "La prematuridad: un antecedente de obligada consideración a la hora de valorar el complejo de células ganglionares de la retina" "tienePdf" => "es" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "es" "tieneResumen" => array:2 [ 0 => "es" 1 => "en" ] "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "646" "paginaFinal" => "654" ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "en" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Prematurity: a medical history of obligatory consideration when assessing the retinal ganglion cell complex" ] ] "contieneResumen" => array:2 [ "es" => true "en" => true ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "es" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "es" => true ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "A. Ortueta-Olartecoechea, J.L. Torres-Peña, A. Muñoz-Gallego, C. López-López, S. Vázquez Román, P. Tejada-Palacios" "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "A." "apellidos" => "Ortueta-Olartecoechea" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "J.L." "apellidos" => "Torres-Peña" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "A." "apellidos" => "Muñoz-Gallego" ] 3 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "C." "apellidos" => "López-López" ] 4 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "S." "apellidos" => "Vázquez Román" ] 5 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "P." "apellidos" => "Tejada-Palacios" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "es" "Traduccion" => array:1 [ "en" => array:9 [ "pii" => "S2173579422001232" "doi" => "10.1016/j.oftale.2022.08.001" "estado" => "S300" "subdocumento" => "" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2173579422001232?idApp=UINPBA00004N" ] ] "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0365669122001617?idApp=UINPBA00004N" "url" => "/03656691/0000009700000011/v1_202210290826/S0365669122001617/v1_202210290826/es/main.assets" ] ] "itemSiguiente" => array:19 [ "pii" => "S2173579422001396" "issn" => "21735794" "doi" => "10.1016/j.oftale.2022.06.017" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2022-11-01" "aid" => "2035" "copyright" => "Sociedad Española de Oftalmología" "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 1 "subdocumento" => "crp" "cita" => "Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol. 2022;97:655-8" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "en" => array:13 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Short communication</span>" "titulo" => "Autoimmune retinopathy with onconeuronal antibodies: Case report" "tienePdf" => "en" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en" "tieneResumen" => array:2 [ 0 => "en" 1 => "es" ] "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "655" "paginaFinal" => "658" ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Retinopatía autoinmune asociada a la presencia de anticuerpos onconeuronales: a propósito de un caso" ] ] "contieneResumen" => array:2 [ "en" => true "es" => true ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:8 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Fig. 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 514 "Ancho" => 1005 "Tamanyo" => 44649 ] ] "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at0005" "detalle" => "Fig. " "rol" => "short" ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Fundus photograph in both eyes showing bilateral vitritis and perimacular drusen.</p>" ] ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "B. Alamar Pérez, M.L. Hernández Garfella, V. Castro Navarro, C. Monferrer Adsuara, J. Montero Hernández, E. Cervera Taulet" "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "B." "apellidos" => "Alamar Pérez" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "M.L." "apellidos" => "Hernández Garfella" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "V." "apellidos" => "Castro Navarro" ] 3 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "C." "apellidos" => "Monferrer Adsuara" ] 4 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "J." "apellidos" => "Montero Hernández" ] 5 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "E." "apellidos" => "Cervera Taulet" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "Traduccion" => array:1 [ "es" => array:9 [ "pii" => "S0365669122001642" "doi" => "10.1016/j.oftal.2022.06.002" "estado" => "S300" "subdocumento" => "" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "idiomaDefecto" => "es" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0365669122001642?idApp=UINPBA00004N" ] ] "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2173579422001396?idApp=UINPBA00004N" "url" => "/21735794/0000009700000011/v2_202301300805/S2173579422001396/v2_202301300805/en/main.assets" ] "itemAnterior" => array:19 [ "pii" => "S2173579421001869" "issn" => "21735794" "doi" => "10.1016/j.oftale.2021.02.005" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2022-11-01" "aid" => "1945" "copyright" => "Sociedad Española de Oftalmología" "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 1 "subdocumento" => "fla" "cita" => "Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol. 2022;97:639-45" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "en" => array:13 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Original article</span>" "titulo" => "OCT angiography biomarkers in type 1 choroidal neovascularisation after one year of aflibercept treatment" "tienePdf" => "en" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en" "tieneResumen" => array:2 [ 0 => "en" 1 => "es" ] "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "639" "paginaFinal" => "645" ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Biomarcadores de OCT-angiografía en la neovascularización coroidea tipo 1 tras tratamiento con aflibercept durante 1 año" ] ] "contieneResumen" => array:2 [ "en" => true "es" => true ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:8 [ "identificador" => "fig0010" "etiqueta" => "Fig. 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg" "Alto" => 1305 "Ancho" => 1305 "Tamanyo" => 184892 ] ] "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at0010" "detalle" => "Fig. " "rol" => "short" ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Structural OCT and OCTA images of patient number 2. a) Structural OCT image from the baseline visit showing a CNV type 1 and adjacent subretinal fluid. b) OCTA image from the baseline visit showing a sea fan CNV, presence of small capillaries and anastomoses in the branches, peripheral terminating arcade in terminal vessel and hypointense perilesional halo (active CNV). c) Structural OCT image from month 12 visit where flattening of the pigment epithelium and disappearance of subretinal fluid is seen. d) OCT image from month 12 visit where small capillaries and branch anastomoses have disappeared, the terminal vessel has a "dead tree" appearance and perilesional hypointense halo persists (inactive CNV).</p>" ] ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "R. Campos Polo, I. Gómez Sánchez" "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "R." "apellidos" => "Campos Polo" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "I." "apellidos" => "Gómez Sánchez" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "Traduccion" => array:1 [ "es" => array:9 [ "pii" => "S0365669121002288" "doi" => "10.1016/j.oftal.2021.02.004" "estado" => "S300" "subdocumento" => "" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "idiomaDefecto" => "es" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0365669121002288?idApp=UINPBA00004N" ] ] "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2173579421001869?idApp=UINPBA00004N" "url" => "/21735794/0000009700000011/v2_202301300805/S2173579421001869/v2_202301300805/en/main.assets" ] "en" => array:19 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Review</span>" "titulo" => "Prematurity: A medical history of obligatory consideration when assessing the retinal ganglion cell complex" "tieneTextoCompleto" => true "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "646" "paginaFinal" => "654" ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "autoresLista" => "A. Ortueta-Olartecoechea, J.L. Torres-Peña, A. Muñoz-Gallego, C. López-López, S. Vázquez Román, P. Tejada-Palacios" "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => array:4 [ "nombre" => "A." "apellidos" => "Ortueta-Olartecoechea" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "anai.ortueta@gmail.com" ] "referencia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">*</span>" "identificador" => "cor0005" ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "J.L." "apellidos" => "Torres-Peña" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "A." "apellidos" => "Muñoz-Gallego" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] ] ] 3 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "C." "apellidos" => "López-López" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] ] ] 4 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "S." "apellidos" => "Vázquez Román" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] ] ] 5 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "P." "apellidos" => "Tejada-Palacios" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] ] ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:2 [ 0 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Oftalmología, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain" "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Neonatología, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain" "etiqueta" => "b" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor0005" "etiqueta" => "⁎" "correspondencia" => "<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Corresponding author</span>." ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "La prematuridad: un antecedente de obligada consideración a la hora de valorar el complejo de células ganglionares de la retina" ] ] "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0065">Introduction</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Advances and improvements in obstetric and neonatal care in recent decades have led to increased survival of preterm newborns (PTNB) with increasingly lower gestational ages, even below 24 weeks gestation in developed countries.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1,2</span></a> Preterm birth is defined by the WHO as birth before completing 37 weeks of gestational age (GA), with those born at less than 28 weeks of GA being considered extremely preterm, those born at 28−32<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>weeks of GA very preterm and those born at 32−34<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>weeks of GA moderately preterm.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a></p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Preterm birth involves the separation of the newborn from the maternal-placental unit. This causes a lack of critical stimuli such as placental steroids, certain precursors necessary for the formation of fetal neurosteroids and other important nutrients.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4,5</span></a> Many developmental processes are disrupted when a pregnancy is not completed. These processes include neuronal differentiation and cell migration.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> Early termination of pregnancy means that these children are more likely than full-term infants<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1,2</span></a> to have some form of medium- or long-term disability, with poorer neurological development than full-term infants.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7,8</span></a> Although survival of preterm infants from 25 weeks GA is already over 60% in the most developed countries, survival without any severe neurological damage is only 50%.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> Retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) are the first neuron of the visual system. They are the link between photoreceptors and the brain via the optic nerve<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a> and as part of the central nervous system. In the same way that we can find neurological damage in preterm infants, we would expect to find some kind of damage to these cells.</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In fact, all these developmental alterations that affect the child's systemic situation can also affect the correct formation of the eye and its structures.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> As early as 1986, the absence of the foveal reflex in premature infants was described<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a> and an increase in visual disturbances such as refractive errors, amblyopia, strabismus, cataracts, glaucoma and retinal detachment among others is well documented,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11–14</span></a> as well as retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) which is an entity specific to these patients.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0070"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14–18</span></a></p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Optical coherence tomography (OCT), a non-invasive and well-tolerated imaging technique that uses low coherence light reflected by ocular tissues to create high-resolution images, has made it possible to obtain quality images that allow the study of the different layers of the retina. In the adult population, OCT is an indispensable tool for studying the ganglion cell complex (GCC) in diseases such as glaucoma and optic neuritis.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0095"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19,20</span></a> For years it has also been used in the pediatric population providing valuable clinical information on ocular pathology.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0105"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21–25</span></a></p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">As the GCC is a fundamental retinal layer for the study of different pathologies, knowing the impact that prematurity can have on it is essential for the correct interpretation of the results obtained with OCT.</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0070">Ganglion cells</span><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In the visual system, light is captured by photoreceptors in the outer retina which send a stimulation signal to ganglion cells. This information propagates through the optic nerve until, after passing through other structures, it reaches the occipital lobe.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a></p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The first glimpse of ganglion cells is found as early as day 33 of gestation when the future neuroretina begins to form, consisting of two or three layers of columnar cells stratified in the inner layer of the optic dome.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0130"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">26</span></a></p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Ganglion cells, which are part of the neuroretina, are the first neuron of the visual pathway and are the first retinal cells to differentiate. The axon of these cells will extend into the optic nerve before developing dendrites. The dendrites will form later by generating processes that branch at different depths to form the inner plexiform layer (IPL).<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0130"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">26</span></a></p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The GCC encompasses the IPL, consisting of the dendrites of the ganglion cells, the RGC, consisting of the soma of the neuron, and the macular retinal nerve fibre layer (mRNFL), consisting of the axons of these same cells.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0135"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">27</span></a></p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In mammals, the anatomical and functional maturation required by the ganglion cells continues until several weeks after birth. Most of the highly complex development of the retina, both anatomically and functionally, occurs between 24 weeks of gestation and 3–4 months of age, when the optic nerve completes its myelination.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0130"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">26</span></a></p><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Therefore, premature birth will deprive these retinal cells of the optimal developmental environment that the maternal body provides for the fetus and may lead to alterations in the development of these cells.</p></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0075">Materials and methods</span><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The Medline, ERIC and PubMed platforms were used to locate articles studying the effect of prematurity on GCC.</p><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Keywords included in the review were infant, premature, prematurity, retina, ganglion cell complex, retinal nerve fibre layer, ganglion cell layer and optical coherence tomography.</p><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">From all articles, we selected those that studied GCC in its entirety, RGC-CPI or RNFL at macular level. Articles studying the retina in the neonatal period were excluded.</p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080">Results</span><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Published works on the effect of prematurity on the retinal ganglion cell complex are reviewed below (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>).</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In the literature we find very disparate studies in terms of their design, sample and findings when studying this retinal structure. There is no homogeneity either in the premature population under study or in the controls used.</p><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The variables analysed are also different. All include weeks of gestational age, but other variables closely related to preterm birth, such as birth weight or adverse events occurring in the neonatal period, are only taken into account in a minority of the studies.</p><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In addition, different OCT platforms are used in each study, so the specific values are not comparable, although we can compare the trend towards thinning, thickening or no change in ganglion cell thickness due to prematurity.</p><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0085">Influence of gestational age</span><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Gestational age is the most studied neonatal factor in the literature as it is the defining parameter of prematurity by itself. However, the results vary greatly from one study to another.</p><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">On the one hand, some authors found increased GCC thickness in preterm infants, such as Balasubramanian et al. who studied this population in adulthood (16−20 years) and concluded that patients with a history of prematurity had increased thickness of the internal plexiform ganglion cell layer (IPL-GNC) and mRNFL compared to controls born at term.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0140"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">28</span></a></p><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Along the same lines, Yanni et al. conducted a study in school-aged children and found an increase in the thickness of the RGC-ICC that was limited to the most central area of the macula, at the fovea and 400μ m from the macula.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0145"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">29</span></a> And Rosén et al. also found a thicker RGC-ICC in preterm infants than in controls.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0150"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">30</span></a></p><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In another study<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0155"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">31</span></a> an increase in the thickness of the mRNFL was observed only in some sectors of the areas defined by the ETDRS. This study analysed each eye separately, finding greater thickness in the right eye in the central area and in the lower area of the inner ring and in the left eye in the nasal sector of the inner ring when studying a group of PTNBs with no history of ROP.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0155"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">31</span></a></p><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Other authors studied only children with a history of prematurity who also had ROP. Wang et al. found increased thickness of RGC-IPL and mRNFL in children with less than 28 weeks’ GA and only in RGC-IPL in children with GA of 29–32 weeks.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0160"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">32</span></a> Lee et al. also found increased thicknesses in children with ROP treated with laser ablation or intravitreal injection of bevacizumab. However, in the latter two studies, it is difficult to be sure that the increased thickness is due to GD alone and not due to ROP.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0165"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">33</span></a></p><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Other authors have found a thinning of these layers, one of them observed a thinning of RGC-IPL at 1000 and 2000μ m distance from the fovea in children with GA less than 28 weeks in a multivariate analysis. This thinning was not observed in children with GA 29−32 weeks when compared to term controls.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0170"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">34</span></a></p><p id="par0125" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Pueyo et al. found a thinning of the mRNFL and RGC-IPL in children with a history of prematurity compared to controls born at term and among preterm infants according to their GA, being thinner in those younger than 32 weeks than in those from 32 to 36 weeks of GA.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0175"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">35</span></a></p><p id="par0130" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Along the same lines, another study found a thinning of both the mRNFL and the CGR-CPI in the preterm group compared to the control group born at term. Within the preterm group, greater thinning was found in infants with GA less than 28 weeks.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0180"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">36</span></a></p></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0090">Influence of birth weight</span><p id="par0135" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Birth weight is an important variable, although much less studied than GA. In many cases, the lower the GA, the lower the birth weight; however, it must be taken into account that some children may have a lower birth weight than expected for their gestational age. In this sense, we can speak of adequate weight for gestational age (weight in the 10–90 percentile), small for gestational age (SGA) defined as weight between the 3rd and 10th percentile and very small for gestational age defined as less than the 3rd percentile of weight.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0185"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">37</span></a></p><p id="par0140" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Few authors include birth weight in their analyses. Raffa et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0155"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">31</span></a> compared preterm infants born without ROP with healthy controls born at term. Of the PTNB 24% were small for gestational age (SGA).<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0155"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">31</span></a> They found no relationship with mRNFL thickness and SGA.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0155"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">31</span></a></p><p id="par0145" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In the study by Pueyo et al.,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0175"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">35</span></a> out of the total number of infants (term and PTNB), 26% were SGA (defined as birth weight below the 10th percentile) and, of these, 62% had a birth weight below the 3rd percentile. Being SGA was associated with thinning of the mean mRNFL and also of the mean and minimum CGR-CPI.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0175"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">35</span></a> This same author conducted another study to look at the effect of low birth weight on GCC, observing that the CGR-CPI is thinner in SGA than in controls.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0190"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">38</span></a> In this case he found no differences that could be justified by prematurity regardless of weight.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0190"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">38</span></a></p><p id="par0150" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In another study, a relationship was found between lower birth weight and thinner RGC-ICC and mRNFL in preterm infants who were born SGA. Infants born SGA had significantly lower total mRNFL values than infants born with appropriate weight for gestational age independent of GA.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0180"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">36</span></a></p></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0095">Influence of retinopathy of prematurity</span><p id="par0155" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Balasubramanian et al. found that patients with treated ROP, cryotherapy or laser ablation had greater RGC thickness than patients with untreated ROP.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0140"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">28</span></a> Another author found greater thickness in preterm infants with a history of treated severe ROP compared to infants with mild or no ROP.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0150"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">30</span></a> As noted above, Wang and Lee included only PTNB infants with a history of ROP, so it is difficult to discern whether the greater thickness of the RGC-ICC and mRNFL is due to prematurity or ROP.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0160"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">32,33</span></a></p><p id="par0160" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Other authors have found no difference according to the presence or absence of ROP or the need for peripheral ablative laser treatment,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0145"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">29</span></a> although the authors point out that the use of a small sample may justify these results.</p><p id="par0165" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Pueyo et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0175"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">35</span></a> observed no differences in thickness in children with a history of untreated ROP. However, in children with a history of ROP treated with diode laser photocoagulation, thinning of the nasal and superior quadrant of the mRNFL and thickening of the temporal quadrant of the mRNFL were seen, as well as thinning of the RGC-PIC.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0175"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">35</span></a></p><p id="par0170" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Another study<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0180"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">36</span></a> found a reduction in RGC-IPL thickness in bivariate analysis in children with ROP (both untreated and treated), although this effect was not maintained in multivariate analysis in the same way that Fieß et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0170"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">34</span></a> who found no difference in RGC-IPL thickness or mRNFL thickness that could be explained by the presence of ROP independently of GA.</p></span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0100">Other factors that may influence: perinatal adverse events</span><p id="par0175" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">As we have seen, GA, followed by birth weight and ROP are the most studied variables when assessing GCC thickness. However, there is not much information in the literature on other characteristics of preterm infants.</p><p id="par0180" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Pueyo et al. studied the effect of what they call “perinatal adverse events” including maternal pre-eclampsia, cerebral hypoxic events, inflammatory events, anemia, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, apneas, intraventricular hemorrhage and treated ROP.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0175"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">35</span></a> A multivariate model including GA, birth weight, birth weight percentile, maternal smoking and perinatal adverse events revealed that risk factors for mRNFL thinning were infection and hypoxic-ischemic events.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0175"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">35</span></a> This paper concludes that some perinatal events may cause GCC thinning indicating damage to the soma of these cells.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0175"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">35</span></a></p><p id="par0185" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In another study, said author study analysed the effect that brain injury measured by MRI can have on the thickness of the GCC in SGA children and, despite not finding a direct correlation between retinal layer thickness and brain volume, observed that children with extreme values in RGC-CPI thickness (greater than or equal to the 5th percentile or less than the 5th percentile of the pediatric population) had lower total brain volume, decreased white matter and grey matter volume and decreased volume in certain regions (temporal and parietal lobes, thalamus, putamen, caudate and pallid nucleus and hippocampus).<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0190"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">38</span></a></p><p id="par0190" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Rosén et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0150"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">30</span></a> found thinner RGC-IPL in children with severe intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) than in those with mild IVH or no IVH. More recently, Ortueta et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> analysed several adverse events separately and found that RGC-IPL thickness was reduced in infants who had undergone neonatal surgery, who had received postnatal corticosteroids, as well as in those who had BPD, shock with vasoactive drug use, ROP (both untreated and treated) or severe brain injury compared to preterm infants who did not have these events.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0180"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">36</span></a> mRNFL thickness was reduced in infants exposed to neonatal surgery, BPD, vasoactive drug shock, postnatal corticosteroids or severe brain injury compared to preterm infants without these factors.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0180"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">36</span></a> Multivariate analysis including previous statistically significant factors and correcting for sex, age, spherical equivalent, weeks' GA and SGA confirmed that postnatal corticosteroids and SCI were independently associated with a thinning of the RGC-PCI in the preterm group.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0180"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">36</span></a> Shock with vasoactive drug use was independently associated with total mRNFL thinning in the preterm group.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0180"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">36</span></a></p></span><span id="sec0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0105">Relationship of GCC thickness to visual acuity</span><p id="par0195" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The relationship between GCC thickness and visual function studied as visual acuity (VA) is also controversial.</p><p id="par0200" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Some authors have found no statistically significant difference between term and preterm infants, nor a relationship between VA and GCC thickness.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0180"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">36</span></a> Others found worse vision in the PTNB group without any relationship with the thickness of the RGC-ICC<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0145"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">29</span></a> or without having studied this relationship.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0165"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">33</span></a> Wang et al. also found no correlation between retinal thickness and VA in the PTNB group with ROP.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0160"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">32</span></a> Raffa et al. also found no relationship between mRNFL thickness and VA.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0155"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">31</span></a></p><p id="par0205" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Fieß et al. in a multivariate analysis of VA adjusted for ROP, EG, sex, age, spherical equivalent and axial length found that decreased RGC-IPL in the inner zone (at 1000μ m distance from the fovea) was associated with better vision, while increased mRNFL thickness in the same area was associated with worse vision.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0170"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">34</span></a></p><p id="par0210" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Another study found that a history of treated ROP was associated with worse VA. A relationship was also found between increased thickness of the inner retinal layers and worse VA.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0140"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">28</span></a> Pueyo et al. also found worse VA in children with treated ROP who had thinner mRNFL and RGC-IPL.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0175"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">35</span></a></p><p id="par0215" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">It should be noted that these two studies show that the preterm population is at greater risk of developing brain damage, so that the decrease in VA may be justified not only by damage to the different structures of the eye, but also by the brain damage itself.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0170"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">34</span></a> This population could therefore develop cerebral visual impairment, which would justify poorer vision in preterm infants without significant structural alterations.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0140"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">28</span></a></p><p id="par0220" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Ortueta et al. found no correlation between VA and total RGC-IPL and total mRNFL thickness in the preterm group. In the term group, they found a weak positive correlation between VA and RGC-IPL thickness and no correlation between mRNFL thickness and VA.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0180"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">36</span></a></p></span></span><span id="sec0050" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0110">Discussion</span><span id="sec0055" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0115">Implications of these findings for clinical practice</span><p id="par0225" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Survival of preterm infants is an increasingly frequent occurrence, not only in developed countries, but also in developing ones. This makes it increasingly likely that we will encounter patients with a history of prematurity in our practices.</p><p id="par0230" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Studies have shown that there are differences in the thickness of the mRNFL and RGC between patients with a history of prematurity and those born at term. However, there is no unanimity as to whether this history results in a thinning or thickening of the GCC. This may be partly because there is a great diversity of OCT devices available in clinical practice and we know that measurements between OCT devices are not interchangeable because they use different segmentation algorithms to divide the different retinal layers and secondly because each OCT analyses measurements of different total retinal surfaces.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0195"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">39–41</span></a></p><p id="par0235" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">There is more unanimity when it comes to studying perinatal adverse events, although these studies are in the minority. In the studies in which these events have been assessed, it was found that they can lead to a thinning of the thickness of the GCC independently of prematurity. Premature infants have more frequent cerebral alterations such as periventricular hemorrhage or periventricular leukomalacia, which can also produce an alteration in the ganglion cells.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0175"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">35,36,38</span></a> It would therefore be interesting to ask about the concomitant neonatal pathology of the patient rather than the history of prematurity, with particular emphasis on cerebral pathology.</p><p id="par0240" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Certain pathologies that we see in routine clinical practice, such as glaucoma, produce a thinning of the retinal layers that we have mentioned, the RGCs and RNFL, in fact, increasing importance is given to the study of ganglion cells for the diagnosis of glaucoma.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0210"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">42,43</span></a> Therefore, the finding of thinning of these layers will make it necessary to ask about the history of pathology concomitant with prematurity, so as to avoid assuming that this thinning has been caused by another process. It could be a characteristic of that patient if he/she has the aforementioned history.</p><p id="par0245" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">For all these reasons, it is essential that ophthalmologists include a history of prematurity and its associated pathology in the anamnesis of patients who come to our practices, specifically asking about adverse events in the neonatal period. Failure to take this history into account may lead to misdiagnosis and subject patients to unnecessary tests such as imaging tests or neurological examinations.</p><p id="par0250" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Further studies that take into account, in addition to gestational age, other factors measuring the general condition and severity of the patient in the neonatal period are needed to draw firmer conclusions about the effect of prematurity and associated events on GCC.</p></span></span><span id="sec0060" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0120">Conclusion</span><p id="par0255" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Although the references found to date do not reach homogeneous conclusions regarding the effect of prematurity on GCC, what is most unanimous is the existence of differences between preterm and term infants, in fact, lower GA may lead to more marked structural alterations.</p><p id="par0260" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Low birth weight or adverse perinatal events can also cause changes in the GCC. Therefore, asking about a history of prematurity is essential for the correct assessment of patients in ophthalmology consultations, both in pediatric and adult age, in order to avoid misdiagnosis of pathologies that also cause thinning of the GCC, such as glaucoma.</p></span><span id="sec0065" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0125">Funding</span><p id="par0265" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This work has been funded by project PI 17/01073 of the <span class="elsevierStyleGrantSponsor" id="gs0005">Instituto de Salud Carlos III</span> (Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness) and co-financed by the <span class="elsevierStyleGrantSponsor" id="gs0010">European Regional Development Fund</span>.</p></span><span id="sec0070" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0130">Conflict of interest</span><p id="par0270" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">No conflict of interests were declared by the authors.</p></span></span>" "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [ "secciones" => array:13 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "xres1838676" "titulo" => "Abstract" "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0005" "titulo" => "Introduction" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0010" "titulo" => "Materials and methods" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0015" "titulo" => "Results" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0020" "titulo" => "Conclusions" ] ] ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1602330" "titulo" => "Keywords" ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "xres1838675" "titulo" => "Resumen" "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0025" "titulo" => "Introducción" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0030" "titulo" => "Materiales y métodos" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0035" "titulo" => "Resultados" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0040" "titulo" => "Conclusiones" ] ] ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1602329" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" ] 4 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0005" "titulo" => "Introduction" ] 5 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0010" "titulo" => "Ganglion cells" ] 6 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0015" "titulo" => "Materials and methods" ] 7 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "sec0020" "titulo" => "Results" "secciones" => array:5 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0025" "titulo" => "Influence of gestational age" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0030" "titulo" => "Influence of birth weight" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0035" "titulo" => "Influence of retinopathy of prematurity" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0040" "titulo" => "Other factors that may influence: perinatal adverse events" ] 4 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0045" "titulo" => "Relationship of GCC thickness to visual acuity" ] ] ] 8 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "sec0050" "titulo" => "Discussion" "secciones" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0055" "titulo" => "Implications of these findings for clinical practice" ] ] ] 9 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0060" "titulo" => "Conclusion" ] 10 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0065" "titulo" => "Funding" ] 11 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0070" "titulo" => "Conflict of interest" ] 12 => array:1 [ "titulo" => "References" ] ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "fechaRecibido" => "2022-02-23" "fechaAceptado" => "2022-06-08" "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [ "en" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Keywords" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1602330" "palabras" => array:5 [ 0 => "Prematurity" 1 => "Ganglion cell complex" 2 => "Ganglion cell layer" 3 => "Retina nerve fiber layer" 4 => "Optical coherence tomography" ] ] ] "es" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1602329" "palabras" => array:5 [ 0 => "Prematuridad" 1 => "Complejo de células ganglionares" 2 => "Capa de células ganglionares de la retina" 3 => "Capa de fibras nerviosas de la retina" 4 => "Tomografía de coherencia óptica" ] ] ] ] "tieneResumen" => true "resumen" => array:2 [ "en" => array:3 [ "titulo" => "Abstract" "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Introduction</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Premature children birth and survival is becoming more frequent due to the improvement in obstetric and neonatal care. This makes it increasingly common to find patients with history of preterm birth in ophthalmology clinics, both in pediatric and adult ages. Premature birth can lead to ocular structural changes, being possible to affect the ganglion cell complex (GCC), among other structures, which can be studied using optical coherence tomography.</p></span> <span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Materials and methods</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">To carry out a bibliographic review of the studies that analyze GCC in patients with a history of prematurity compared with patients born at term.</p></span> <span id="abst0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Results</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Several studies that analyze GCC in patients with a history of prematurity are referenced and their results are studied.</p></span> <span id="abst0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Conclusions</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">In our clinical practice, knowing the history of prematurity is fundamental in the assessment of GCC measured by optical coherence tomography, since this layer is different in the patients with a history of prematurity compared to patients born at term.</p></span>" "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0005" "titulo" => "Introduction" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0010" "titulo" => "Materials and methods" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0015" "titulo" => "Results" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0020" "titulo" => "Conclusions" ] ] ] "es" => array:3 [ "titulo" => "Resumen" "resumen" => "<span id="abst0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Introducción</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">La supervivencia de los niños prematuros es cada vez más frecuente siendo cada vez más habitual encontrar pacientes con este antecedente en las consultas de oftalmología. El parto prematuro puede conllevar cambios estructurales a nivel ocular, pudiéndose afectar entre otras estructuras el complejo de células ganglionares (CCG), que puede ser estudiado mediante la tomografía de coherencia óptica.</p></span> <span id="abst0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">Materiales y métodos</span><p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Realizar una revisión bibliográfica de los estudios que analizan el CCG en pacientes con antecedente de prematuridad y lo comparan con pacientes nacidos a término.</p></span> <span id="abst0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Resultados</span><p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se referencian varios estudios que analizan el CCG en población con antecedente de prematuridad y se estudian los distintos resultados obtenidos.</p></span> <span id="abst0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Conclusiones</span><p id="spar0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">En nuestra práctica clínica, conocer el antecedente de prematuridad es fundamental en la valoración del CCG medido por tomografía de coherencia óptica ya que el grosor de esta capa es distinta en la población con antecedente de prematuridad comparada con la población a término.</p></span>" "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0025" "titulo" => "Introducción" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0030" "titulo" => "Materiales y métodos" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0035" "titulo" => "Resultados" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0040" "titulo" => "Conclusiones" ] ] ] ] "NotaPie" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "☆" "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar00005">Please cite this article as: A. Ortueta-Olartecoechea, J.L. Torres-Peña, Muñoz-Gallego A, López-López C, Vázquez Román S, Tejada-Palacios P. La prematuridad: un antecedente de obligada consideración a la hora de valorar el complejo de células ganglionares de la retina. Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol. 2022;97:646–654.</p>" ] ] "multimedia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0005" "etiqueta" => "Table 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at0005" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:3 [ "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">BMC: biomicroscopy; GCC: ganglion cell complet; RNFL: retinal nerve fiber layer; BMI: Body mass index; GA: gestational age; OF: Ocular fundus; RGL-IPL: retinal ganglion cell layer-inner plexiform layer; IGF-1: insulinic growth factor 1; BCVA: best corrected visual acuity; OCT: Optical coherence tomography; SGA: small for gestational age; WB: Weight at birth; MR: Magnetic resonance; PTNB: preterm newborn; TNB: term newborn; ROP: retinopathy of prematurity; ROP-NT: retinopathy of prematurity not treated; ROP-T: retinopathy of prematurity treated; ROP-NT: retinopathy of prematurity at term; ROP-PNB: preterm newborn.</p><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Year of publication, author, characteristics of the term population, characteristics of the control population, variables under study and optical coherence tomography (OCT) device used are detailed.</p>" "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Author \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Year \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Preterm population \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Control population \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Variables to be studied \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">OCT \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Results \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Wang \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2012 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">44 RNPT with regressed ROP GA<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>32<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>w \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">60 healthy children RNT \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Demographic data, GA, BCVA, ROP \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Spectralis FD-OCT \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">In group 24−28<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>s all retinal layers were thicker than the control group. \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">26 with OCT \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">(GA 35−42 f) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Group 29−32<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>s only CGR-CPI and inner core thicker than control \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">- ROP 24–28 w \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Finally, 56 were studied \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Group 24−28<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>s CGR-CPI, inner nuclear, outer plexiform, outer nuclear and inner segments thicker than 29−32<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>s \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">- ROP 29−32<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>w \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Age of study: \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Study age 10.6<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3.3 years \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">9.6<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3.3 years \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " colspan="7" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Yanni \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2012 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">RNPT infants with GA 23–27<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>w \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">34 RNT controls \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Demographic data, GA, BCVA (logMAR E-ETDRS), ROP \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Spectralis SD-OCT \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">GCL-IPL thicker in preterm than term in foveal zone and at 400μ m from the centre. \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">24 patients \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Age of study: \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">No difference in thicknesses in RNPT with and without ROP \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">- NO ROP 4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">9.2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2.8 years \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">- ROP-NT 5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">- ROP-T 15 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Study age 10.1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3 years \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " colspan="7" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Pueyo \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2015 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">60 RNPT \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">114 controls. RNT \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">GA, PN, BCVA (logMAR), fundus, ROP, mother smoker, perinatal adverse event<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005">*</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Cirrus SD-OCT \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">The <32<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>s group with ROP had thinner RNFL and thinner RGC-IPL. \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">- 33 of 32−36 w \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Age study: \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">PEG had thinner RNFL and RGC-IPL \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">- 17 of <32<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>w without ROP GA mean 29.7 w \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">4−13 years \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Lower RNFL in PTNB with infection and hypoxic-ischemic event \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">- 10<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>32<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>w with ROP and average GA 27.8 w \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Study age 4−14 years \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " colspan="7" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Raffa \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2016 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">RNPT GA (32−36<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>+<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>6) None with ROP \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">43 controls. RNT \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">GA, PN, BCVA (logMAR letters), FO iconography, IOP, biometry (IOL master 500), head circumference, BMI, IGF-I, weight, height at study \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">3D- OCT Topcon SD-OCT \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Thicker central RNFL in preterm group ODs \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">- 78 children studied at 5.5 years of age \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Age study: \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">No correlation with GA or anthropometric data \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">- 50 children studied at age 8 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">8 years \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">(12 PEG and 38 with adequate weight) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " colspan="7" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Feiβ \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2017 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">173 RNPT GA<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>≤<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>32 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">224 children RNT \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">GA, BCVA (logMAR LEA symbols/Landolt rings), keratometry, biometry (IOL master 500), ROP \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Spectralis SD-OCT \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">CGR-CPI thinner in preterm <28<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>s but not in preterm 29−32<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>s compared to term or for ROP irrespective of GA \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">- 136 No ROP: 99 of 29–32<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>w and 37<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>28 w \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Age at study: \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">- 37 with ROP: 11 of 29–32<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>w and 26<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>28 w \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">4–10 years \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Study age: 4–10 years \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Lee \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2017 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">21 RNPT with ROP-T (laser or bevacizumab) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">17 RNT children. \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">BCVA (Landolt's logMAR C), biometrics (A/B US Quantel Medical), BMC, FO \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Optovue SD-OCT \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Mid, upper and lower GCC were thicker in ROP infants than in term infants. \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">- GA 26.2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2.1 (23 - 36) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">GA 39.0<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1.7 (37–41) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Tendency for greater thickness in the nasal area than in the temporal area in PTNB with ROP not observed in controls. \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">- PN 919,4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Age of study: \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">41 eyes: 6 ROP 2 plus and 35 ROP 3 plus \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">8.4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1.7 years \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Study age 9.6<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2.5 years \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " colspan="7" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Pueyo \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2017 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">25 children PEG with GA 34.7<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>4.5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>w \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">24 children RNT \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Obstetric characteristics, maternal smoking, GD, PN, perinatal outcome, childhood illnesses, brain MRI \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Cirrus SD-OCT \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">CGR-CPI thinner in PEG than in controls. \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Age at study: 10.65<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2.25 years \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Age at study: \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">They identified GLC as a potential marker of SB and OS damage in SGA children. \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">10.48<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2.5 years \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">No difference in RGC-IPL by GA at birth, only SGA showed thinner RGC-IPL. \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " colspan="7" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Balasubramanian \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2018 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Adults RNPT<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>26 w \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Healthy adults with no ocular pathology born at term \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">BCVA (logMAR Snellen), spherical equivalent, ROP \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Spectralis SD-OCT \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Greater RGC-IPL and RNFL thickness at preterm than at term. \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">208 eyes of 101 patients \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">128 eyes of 64 patients \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">RGC-IPL thicker RNPT with ROP-T vs. ROP-NT and no ROP \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">- ROP-T: 24.7<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.8<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>s (13%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Age of study: \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">- ROP-NT: 25,1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0,7<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>s (37%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">16–20 years \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">- NO ROP: 25.0<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.9<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>s (50%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Age of study: 16–20 years \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " colspan="7" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Rosén \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2020 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">89 RNPT GA 23-26 w \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">92 children RNT \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">BCVA (usual correction at 3 metres), GA, HIV, ROP \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Cirrus HD-OCT \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">CGR-CPI thicker in preterm infants than in controls \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Age study 6.5 years \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Age of study 6.5 years \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Thicker RGC-IPL in preterm infants with treated ROP than in mild ROP or no ROP \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Thinner CGR-CPI in preterm infants with severe HIV than mild or without HIV \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " colspan="7" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Ortueta \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2021 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">101 RNPT GA ≤34 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">49 children RNT \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">GA, PN, BCVA (decimal letter scale /Snellen), spherical equivalent, ROP, adverse events<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0010">**</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">3D-OCT Topcon SD-OCT \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">GCC was thinner in RNPTs than RNTs. \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">- 9 of 33–34<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>w GA \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Age of study: \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">CGR-CPI thinner at lower GA and thinner GCC at PEG. \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">- 59 of 28–32<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>w GA \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">4–8 years \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Thinner RGC-IPL in PTNB treated with postnatal corticosteroids and severe brain injury. Thinner RNFL in PTNB with shock. \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">- 33 of 24–27<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>w GA \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Study age 4–8 years \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] ] ] "notaPie" => array:2 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "tblfn0005" "etiqueta" => "*" "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005">Perinatal adverse event: maternal pre-eclampsia, hypoxic-ischemic event (inadequate flow to brain), inflammatory event (clinical or analytical inflammation not caused by ROP or its treatment), BPD, apnea, HIV or treated ROP.</p>" ] 1 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "tblfn0010" "etiqueta" => "**" "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0010">Perinatal adverse events: ROP, shock with vasoactive therapy, postnatal corticosteroids, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, sepsis, neonatal surgery, necrotising enteritis or brain injury.</p>" ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Comparison of studies assessing the retinal ganglion cell complex.</p>" ] ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "References" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0005" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:43 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0005" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Fanaroff and Martin’s neonatal-perinatal medicine e-book: diseases of the fetus and infant" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "R.J. Martin" 1 => "A.A. Fanaroff" 2 => "M.C. Walsh" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Libro" => array:3 [ "edicion" => "11th edition" "fecha" => "2019" "editorial" => "Elsevier" ] ] ] ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0010" "etiqueta" => "2" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Changes in perinatal care and outcomes in newborns at the limit of viability in Spain: the EPI-SEN Study" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => "F. García-Muñoz Rodrigo" 1 => "A.L. Díez Recinos" 2 => "A. García-Alix Pérez" 3 => "J. Figueras Aloy" 4 => "M. Vento Torres" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1159/000368881" "Revista" => array:7 [ "tituloSerie" => "Neonatology" "fecha" => "2015" "volumen" => "107" "paginaInicial" => "120" "paginaFinal" => "129" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25502078" "web" => "Medline" ] ] "itemHostRev" => array:3 [ "pii" => "S0140673617319189" "estado" => "S300" "issn" => "01406736" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0015" "etiqueta" => "3" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "titulo" => "WHO: recommended definitions, terminology and format for statistical tables related to the perinatal period and use of a new certificate for cause of perinatal deaths. Modifications recommended by FIGO as amended October 14, 1976" ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand" "fecha" => "1977" "volumen" => "56" "paginaInicial" => "247" "paginaFinal" => "253" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/560099" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 3 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0020" "etiqueta" => "4" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Models of fetal brain injury, intrauterine inflammation, and preterm birth" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "I. Burd" 1 => "B. Balakrishnan" 2 => "S. Kannan" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1111/j.1600-0897.2012.01110.x" "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Am J Reprod Immunol N Y N 1989" "fecha" => "2012" "volumen" => "67" "paginaInicial" => "287" "paginaFinal" => "294" ] ] ] ] ] ] 4 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0025" "etiqueta" => "5" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Reduced neurosteroid exposure following preterm birth and its’ contribution to neurological impairment: a novel avenue for preventative therapies" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "J.C. Shaw" 1 => "M.J. Berry" 2 => "R.M. Dyson" 3 => "G.K. Crombie" 4 => "J.J. Hirst" 5 => "H.K. Palliser" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.3389/fphys.2019.00599" "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Front Physiol" "fecha" => "2019" "volumen" => "10" "paginaInicial" => "599" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31156466" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 5 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0030" "etiqueta" => "6" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Dysmaturation of premature brain: importance, cellular mechanisms, and potential interventions" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "J.J. Volpe" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2019.02.016" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Pediatr Neurol" "fecha" => "2019" "volumen" => "95" "paginaInicial" => "42" "paginaFinal" => "66" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30975474" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 6 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0035" "etiqueta" => "7" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Early life predictors of brain development at term-equivalent age in infants born across the gestational age spectrum" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "D.K. Thompson" 1 => "C.E. Kelly" 2 => "J. Chen" 3 => "R. Beare" 4 => "B. Alexander" 5 => "M.L. Seal" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.04.031" "Revista" => array:3 [ "tituloSerie" => "NeuroImage" "fecha" => "2018" "volumen" => "13" ] ] ] ] ] ] 7 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0040" "etiqueta" => "8" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Early development of structural networks and the impact of prematurity on brain connectivity" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "D. Batalle" 1 => "E.J. Hughes" 2 => "H. Zhang" 3 => "J.D. Tournier" 4 => "N. Tusor" 5 => "P. Aljabar" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.01.065" "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "NeuroImage" "fecha" => "2017" "volumen" => "149" "paginaInicial" => "379" "paginaFinal" => "392" ] ] ] ] ] ] 8 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0045" "etiqueta" => "9" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Encoding visual information in retinal ganglion cells with prosthetic stimulation" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "D.K. Freeman" 1 => "J.F. Rizzo" 2 => "S.I. Fried" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1088/1741-2560/8/3/035005" "Revista" => array:3 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Neural Eng" "fecha" => "2011" "volumen" => "8" ] ] ] ] ] ] 9 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0050" "etiqueta" => "10" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Macular development in the premature infant" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "S.J. Isenberg" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/0002-9394(86)90467-8" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Am J Ophthalmol" "fecha" => "1986" "volumen" => "101" "paginaInicial" => "74" "paginaFinal" => "80" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3753633" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 10 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0055" "etiqueta" => "11" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Effect of gestational age and birth weight on the risk of strabismus among premature infants" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "S. Gulati" 1 => "C.A. Andrews" 2 => "A.O. Apkarian" 3 => "D.C. Musch" 4 => "P.P. Lee" 5 => "J.D. Stein" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1001/jamapediatrics.2014.946" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "JAMA Pediatr" "fecha" => "2014" "volumen" => "168" "paginaInicial" => "850" "paginaFinal" => "856" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25048624" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 11 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0060" "etiqueta" => "12" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Ophthalmological problems associated with preterm birth" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "A.R. O’Connor" 1 => "C.M. Wilson" 2 => "A.R. Fielder" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1038/sj.eye.6702838" "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Eye Lond Engl" "fecha" => "2007" "volumen" => "21" "paginaInicial" => "1254" "paginaFinal" => "1260" ] ] ] ] ] ] 12 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0065" "etiqueta" => "13" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Ophthalmological problems of the premature infant" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "M.X. Repka" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1002/mrdd.10045" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Ment Retard Dev Disabil Res Rev" "fecha" => "2002" "volumen" => "8" "paginaInicial" => "249" "paginaFinal" => "257" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12454901" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 13 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0070" "etiqueta" => "14" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Glaucoma as a cause of poor vision in severe retinopathy of prematurity" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => "M.E. Hartnett" 1 => "M.M. Gilbert" 2 => "T. Hirose" 3 => "T.M. Richardson" 4 => "O. Katsumi" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1007/BF02044227" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol" "fecha" => "1993" "volumen" => "231" "paginaInicial" => "433" "paginaFinal" => "438" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8224940" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 14 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0075" "etiqueta" => "15" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Temporal profile of retinopathy of prematurity in extremely premature compared to premature infants" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "V.D. Venincasa" 1 => "V. Bugg" 2 => "J. Dvorak" 3 => "K. Ding" 4 => "F. Bhatti" 5 => "R.M. Siatkowski" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.3928/01913913-20190205-01" "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus" "fecha" => "2019" "volumen" => "56" "paginaInicial" => "116" "paginaFinal" => "123" ] ] ] ] ] ] 15 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0080" "etiqueta" => "16" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Retinopathy of prematurity: late complications in the baby boomer generation (1946-1964)" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "B.T. Smith" 1 => "W.S. Tasman" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:2 [ "tituloSerie" => "Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc" "fecha" => "2005" ] ] ] ] ] ] 16 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0085" "etiqueta" => "17" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "referenciaCompleta" => "Powls A, Botting N, Cooke RW, Stephenson G, Marlow N. Visual impairent in very low birthweight children. Arch Dis Childhood. Fetal and neonatal edition. doi: <a target="_blank" href="https://doi.org/10.1136/fn.76.2.f82">https://doi.org/10.1136/fn.76.2.f82</a>." ] ] ] 17 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0090" "etiqueta" => "18" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "referenciaCompleta" => "O’Connor AR, Stephenson T, Johnson A, Tobin MJ, Moseley MJ, Ratib S, et al. Long-term ophthalmic outcome of low birth weight children with and without retinopathy of prematurity. Pediatrics. <a target="_blank" href="https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.109.1.12">https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.109.1.12</a>." ] ] ] 18 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0095" "etiqueta" => "19" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Combined use of retinal nerve fiber layer and ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer event-based progression analysis" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "W.J. Lee" 1 => "K.I. Na" 2 => "A. Ha" 3 => "Y.K. Kim" 4 => "J.W. Jeoung" 5 => "K.H. Park" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.ajo.2018.08.007" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Am J Ophthalmol" "fecha" => "2018" "volumen" => "196" "paginaInicial" => "65" "paginaFinal" => "71" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30099036" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 19 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0100" "etiqueta" => "20" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "[Optical coherence tomography in disorders of the central nervous system]" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "A. Papadopoulou" 1 => "F.C. Oertel" 2 => "H. Zimmermann" 3 => "O. Zeitz" 4 => "A.U. Brandt" 5 => "F. Paul" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1055/a-0715-7961" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Klin Monatsbl Augenheilkd" "fecha" => "2018" "volumen" => "235" "paginaInicial" => "1242" "paginaFinal" => "1258" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30458564" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 20 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0105" "etiqueta" => "21" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "referenciaCompleta" => "Maccora KA, Sheth S, Ruddle JB. Optical coherence tomography in paediatric clinical practice. Clin Exp Optometry. <a target="_blank" href="https://doi.org/10.1111/cxo.12909">https://doi.org/10.1111/cxo.12909</a>." ] ] ] 21 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0110" "etiqueta" => "22" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in normal children measured with optical coherence tomography" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "D.J. Salchow" 1 => "Y.S. Oleynikov" 2 => "M.F. Chiang" 3 => "S.E. Kennedy-Salchow" 4 => "K. Langton" 5 => "J.C. Tsai" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.ophtha.2006.01.036" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Ophthalmology" "fecha" => "2006" "volumen" => "113" "paginaInicial" => "786" "paginaFinal" => "791" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16650674" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 22 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0115" "etiqueta" => "23" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Macular measurements using optical coherence tomography in healthy Chinese school age children" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "Z. Zhang" 1 => "X. He" 2 => "J. Zhu" 3 => "K. Jiang" 4 => "W. Zheng" 5 => "B. Ke" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1167/iovs.11-7477" "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci" "fecha" => "2011" "volumen" => "52" "paginaInicial" => "6377" "paginaFinal" => "6383" ] ] ] ] ] ] 23 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0120" "etiqueta" => "24" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Evaluation of the nerve fiber layer and macula in the eyes of healthy children using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "A. Turk" 1 => "O.M. Ceylan" 2 => "C. Arici" 3 => "S. Keskin" 4 => "C. Erdurman" 5 => "A.H. Durukan" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.ajo.2011.08.026" "Revista" => array:4 [ "tituloSerie" => "Am J Ophthalmol" "fecha" => "2012" "volumen" => "153" "itemHostRev" => array:3 [ "pii" => "S2215036617300731" "estado" => "S300" "issn" => "22150366" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 24 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0125" "etiqueta" => "25" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in a population of 6-year-old children: findings by optical coherence tomography" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "S.C. Huynh" 1 => "X.Y. Wang" 2 => "E. Rochtchina" 3 => "P. Mitchell" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.ophtha.2006.02.067" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Ophthalmology" "fecha" => "2006" "volumen" => "113" "paginaInicial" => "1583" "paginaFinal" => "1592" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16949443" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 25 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0130" "etiqueta" => "26" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Pre- and postnatal development of the eye: a species comparison" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "S. Van Cruchten" 1 => "V. Vrolyk" 2 => "M.F. Perron Lepage" 3 => "M. Baudon" 4 => "H. Voute" 5 => "S. Schoofs" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1002/bdr2.1100" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Birth Defects Res" "fecha" => "2017" "volumen" => "109" "paginaInicial" => "1540" "paginaFinal" => "1567" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28941218" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 26 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0135" "etiqueta" => "27" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Development of retinal ganglion cell structure and function" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "E. Sernagor" 1 => "S.J. Eglen" 2 => "R.O.L. Wong" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/S1350-9462(00)00024-0" "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Prog Retin Eye Res" "fecha" => "2001" "volumen" => "20" "paginaInicial" => "139" "paginaFinal" => "174" ] ] ] ] ] ] 27 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0140" "etiqueta" => "28" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Relationship between retinal thickness profiles and visual outcomes in young adults born extremely preterm: the EPICure@19 study" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "S. Balasubramanian" 1 => "J. Beckmann" 2 => "H. Mehta" 3 => "S.R. Sadda" 4 => "K. Chanwimol" 5 => "M. Nassisi" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.ophtha.2018.07.030" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Ophthalmology" "fecha" => "2019" "volumen" => "126" "paginaInicial" => "107" "paginaFinal" => "112" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30092239" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 28 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0145" "etiqueta" => "29" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Foveal avascular zone and foveal pit formation after preterm birth" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "S.E. Yanni" 1 => "J. Wang" 2 => "M. Chan" 3 => "J. Carroll" 4 => "S. Farsiu" 5 => "J.N. Leffler" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1136/bjophthalmol-2012-301612" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Br J Ophthalmol" "fecha" => "2012" "volumen" => "96" "paginaInicial" => "961" "paginaFinal" => "966" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22544530" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 29 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0150" "etiqueta" => "30" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Increased foveal ganglion cell and inner plexiform layer thickness in children aged 6.5 years born extremely preterm" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => "R.M. Rosén" 1 => "K.M. Hellgren" 2 => "A.P. Venkataraman" 3 => "A. Dominguez Vicent" 4 => "M. Nilsson" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1097/IAE.0000000000002581" "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Retina Phila Pa" "fecha" => "2020" "volumen" => "40" "paginaInicial" => "1344" "paginaFinal" => "1352" ] ] ] ] ] ] 30 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0155" "etiqueta" => "31" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Ocular morphology and visual function in relation to general growth in moderate-to-late preterm school-aged children" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "L.H. Raffa" 1 => "J. Dahlgren" 2 => "A. Hellström" 3 => "M. Andersson Grönlund" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1111/aos.13085" "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Acta Ophthalmol (Copenh)" "fecha" => "2016" "volumen" => "94" "paginaInicial" => "712" "paginaFinal" => "720" ] ] ] ] ] ] 31 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0160" "etiqueta" => "32" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Critical period for foveal fine structure in children with regressed retinopathy of prematurity" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "J. Wang" 1 => "R. Spencer" 2 => "J.N. Leffler" 3 => "E.E. Birch" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1097/IAE.0b013e318219e685" "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Retina Phila Pa" "fecha" => "2012" "volumen" => "32" "paginaInicial" => "330" "paginaFinal" => "339" ] ] ] ] ] ] 32 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0165" "etiqueta" => "33" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "The inner retinal structures of the eyes of children with a history of retinopathy of prematurity" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "Y.S. Lee" 1 => "S.H.L. Chang" 2 => "S.C. Wu" 3 => "L.C. See" 4 => "S.H. Chang" 5 => "M.L. Yang" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1038/eye.2017.156" "Revista" => array:3 [ "tituloSerie" => "Eye Lond Engl" "fecha" => "2017" "volumen" => "4" ] ] ] ] ] ] 33 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0170" "etiqueta" => "34" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Macular morphology in former preterm and full-term infants aged 4 to 10 years" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "A. Fieß" 1 => "J. Janz" 2 => "A.K. Schuster" 3 => "R. Kölb-Keerl" 4 => "M. Knuf" 5 => "B. Kirchhof" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1007/s00417-017-3662-5" "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol Albrecht Von Graefes Arch Klin Exp Ophthalmol" "fecha" => "2017" "volumen" => "255" "paginaInicial" => "1433" "paginaFinal" => "1442" ] ] ] ] ] ] 34 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0175" "etiqueta" => "35" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Microstructural changes in the retina related to prematurity" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "V. Pueyo" 1 => "I. González" 2 => "I. Altemir" 3 => "T. Pérez" 4 => "G. Gómez" 5 => "E. Prieto" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.ajo.2014.12.015" "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Am J Ophthalmol" "fecha" => "2015" "volumen" => "159" "paginaInicial" => "797" "paginaFinal" => "802" ] ] ] ] ] ] 35 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0180" "etiqueta" => "36" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Retinal ganglion cell complex thickness at school-age, prematurity and neonatal stressors" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "A. Ortueta-Olartecoechea" 1 => "J.L. Torres-Peña" 2 => "A. Muñoz-Gallego" 3 => "M.J. Torres-Valdivieso" 4 => "S. Vázquez-Román" 5 => "J. De la Cruz" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1111/aos.15073" "Revista" => array:3 [ "tituloSerie" => "Acta Ophthalmol (Copenh)" "fecha" => "2021" "volumen" => "6" ] ] ] ] ] ] 36 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0185" "etiqueta" => "37" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Abnormal fetal growth: small for gestational age, fetal growth restriction, large for gestational age: definitions and epidemiology" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "S.E. Damhuis" 1 => "W. Ganzevoort" 2 => "S.J. Gordijn" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.ogc.2021.02.002" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am" "fecha" => "2021" "volumen" => "48" "paginaInicial" => "267" "paginaFinal" => "279" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33972065" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 37 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0190" "etiqueta" => "38" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Retinal structure assessed by OCT as a biomarker of brain development in children born small for gestational age" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "V. Pueyo" 1 => "T. Pérez" 2 => "I. González" 3 => "I. Altemir" 4 => "G. Gimenez" 5 => "E. Prieto" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1136/bjophthalmol-2016-309790" "Revista" => array:3 [ "tituloSerie" => "Br J Ophthalmol" "fecha" => "2017" "volumen" => "9" ] ] ] ] ] ] 38 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0195" "etiqueta" => "39" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Retinal nerve fibre layer thickness in full-term children assessed with Heidelberg retinal tomography and optical coherence tomography: normal values and interocular asymmetry" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "E. Larsson" 1 => "U. Eriksson" 2 => "A. Alm" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1111/j.1755-3768.2009.01680.x" "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Acta Ophthalmol (Copenh)" "fecha" => "2011" "volumen" => "89" "paginaInicial" => "151" "paginaFinal" => "158" ] ] ] ] ] ] 39 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0200" "etiqueta" => "40" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Macular thickness assessed with spectral domain OCT in a population-based study of children: normative data, repeatability and reproducibility and comparison with time domain OCT" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "A. Molnar" 1 => "G. Holmström" 2 => "E. Larsson" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1111/aos.12695" "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Acta Ophthalmol (Copenh)" "fecha" => "2015" "volumen" => "93" "paginaInicial" => "470" "paginaFinal" => "475" ] ] ] ] ] ] 40 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0205" "etiqueta" => "41" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Assessment of macular ganglion cell complex using optical coherence tomography: impact of a paediatric reference database in clinical practice" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "A. Muñoz-Gallego" 1 => "J. De la Cruz" 2 => "M. Rodríguez-Salgado" 3 => "J.L. Torres-Peña" 4 => "B. de-Lucas-Viejo" 5 => "A. Ortueta-Olartecoechea" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1111/ceo.13418" "Revista" => array:3 [ "tituloSerie" => "Clin Experiment Ophthalmol" "fecha" => "2018" "volumen" => "24" ] ] ] ] ] ] 41 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0210" "etiqueta" => "42" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Diagnostic accuracy of ganglion cell complex substructures in different stages of primary open-angle glaucoma" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "A.M. Elbendary" 1 => "M.H. Abd El-Latef" 2 => "H.I. Elsorogy" 3 => "K.M. Enaam" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.jcjo.2017.01.003" "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Can J Ophthalmol J Can Ophtalmol" "fecha" => "2017" "volumen" => "52" "paginaInicial" => "355" "paginaFinal" => "360" ] ] ] ] ] ] 42 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0215" "etiqueta" => "43" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Predictive factors for the rate of visual field progression in the advanced imaging for glaucoma study" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "X. Zhang" 1 => "R.K. Parrish" 2 => "D.S. Greenfield" 3 => "B.A. Francis" 4 => "R. Varma" 5 => "J.S. Schuman" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.ajo.2019.02.015" "Revista" => array:3 [ "tituloSerie" => "Am J Ophthalmol" "fecha" => "2019" "volumen" => "19" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "url" => "/21735794/0000009700000011/v2_202301300805/S2173579422001232/v2_202301300805/en/main.assets" "Apartado" => array:4 [ "identificador" => "5815" "tipo" => "SECCION" "en" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Review" "idiomaDefecto" => true ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" ] "PDF" => "https://static.elsevier.es/multimedia/21735794/0000009700000011/v2_202301300805/S2173579422001232/v2_202301300805/en/main.pdf?idApp=UINPBA00004N&text.app=https://www.elsevier.es/" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2173579422001232?idApp=UINPBA00004N" ]
| Year/Month | Html | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2023 March | 1 | 0 | 1 |
