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Commentary: Carriers of hepatitis C: should they be vaccinated against hepatitis A?
A. Pareja Bezaresa
a Epidemiologist physician, Preventive Medicine Service, Son Dureta University Hospital, Palma de Mayorca, Balearic Islands, Spain.
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    "textoCompleto" => "<hr></hr><p class="elsevierStylePara"><img src="27v30n02-13034238tab01.gif"></img></p><p class="elsevierStylePara">&#160;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">Nearly 1&#46;5 million new cases of hepatitis A &#40;HA&#41; are reported annually throughout the world&#44; although the actual figure is estimated to be 3-fold to 4-fold higher&#46; Mortality from HA is low &#40;1&#46;4 per 1000 symptomatic cases&#41;&#44; and is due&#44; in most cases&#44; to fulminant disease &#40;60&#37; mortality&#41;&#44; which is most frequent in adolescents and adults&#46; In Spain&#44; as noted in the article by Sans et al&#46;&#44; the epidemiological pattern of HA has changed&#59; the importance of this change lies in the fact that more symptomatic &#40;hence more severe&#41; forms of the disease are seen much more frequently in adults&#46;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">1-4</span></p><p class="elsevierStylePara">An estimated 300 million persons world wide are infected with the hepatitis C virus &#40;HCV&#41;&#59; of these&#44; 5 million live in Europe&#46; The number of HCV carriers in Spain is estimated at 800 000&#44; with an estimated prevalence of 2&#37; for the entire population&#46; Infection by HCV is the main cause of chronic liver disease&#46; Between 75&#37; and 80&#37; of all persons infected with HCV develop chronic liver disease&#44; and more than 25&#37; develop liver cirrhosis in the ensuing 30 to 40 years&#46; Moreover&#44; 70&#37; of all hepatocellular carcinomas are linked to HCV&#46;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">1-3&#44;5</span></p><p class="elsevierStylePara">Superinfection by other hepatitis viruses &#40;in addition to HA&#41; in patients with chronic hepatitis from HCV infection can lead to significant morbidity and mortality&#46; In some patients with chronic liver disease&#44; superinfection with hepatitis A or B virus can lead to acute liver failure&#46;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></p><p class="elsevierStylePara">Strong evidence supports the benefits of vaccination against hepatitis A and B virus in patients with chronic liver disease&#46;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span> All patients with chronic liver disease should be studied to determine whether antibodies to hepatitis B core antigen are present&#46; If immunity is not detected&#44; these patients should be vaccinated against hepatitis A and B&#46; It should be noted&#44; however&#44; that in populations with a low incidence and prior exposure&#44; it may be more cost-effective to forego antibody studies and vaccinate all susceptible individuals&#46; In patients with and without of chronic liver disease&#44; the rates of post-vaccination seroconversion are 94&#37; for hepatitis A and close to 100&#37; for hepatitis B&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">Some organisms that issue recommendations on vaccination policies insist that vaccination for hepatitis A should be considered only for patients with chronic hepatitis&#46; Moreover&#44; these organisms emphasize that there are no data to indicate the need for routine vaccination for hepatitis A in carriers of hepatitis B or C virus in the absence of chronic liver disease&#46;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span> In Spain&#44; some working groups on vaccination policies include HCV infection as an indication for vaccination against hepatitis A&#46;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></p><p class="elsevierStylePara">However&#44; in view of the data indicating that 75&#37;-80&#37; of all patients with HCV infection will develop chronic liver disease&#44; it would be good preventive strategy to vaccinate them against hepatitis A and B before chronic liver disease ensues&#46; Because it is clear that superinfection with hepatitis A or B virus in patients with HCV infection increases morbidity and mortality&#44; vaccination as soon as possible for hepatitis A and B are advisable&#46; In our setting&#44; it is more cost-effective to forego prior testing for antibodies and to simply vaccinate all susceptible individuals&#46;</p>"
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]
Article information
ISSN: 02126567
Original language: English
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es en pt

¿Es usted profesional sanitario apto para prescribir o dispensar medicamentos?

Are you a health professional able to prescribe or dispense drugs?

Você é um profissional de saúde habilitado a prescrever ou dispensar medicamentos