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Commentary: Assessment of Family Functioning May Improve the Therapeutic Approach to Childhood Asthma
Comentario Editorial: Valorar la funcionalidad familiar puede mejorar el enfoque terapéutico del asma pediátrica
Manuel Praena Crespoa
a La Candelaria Health Centre, Seville, Spain
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    "textoCompleto" => "<p class="elsevierStylePara"><span class="elsevierStyleBold"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Key Points</span></span></p><p class="elsevierStylePara">&#8226;<span class="elsevierStyleBold"><span class="elsevierStyleBold"></span></span> Control of the asthma patient must include an assessment of how the family functions&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">&#8226;<span class="elsevierStyleBold"><span class="elsevierStyleBold"></span></span> Prospective studies on family function should provide better knowledge of the patient with asthma and their progression&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">&#8226;<span class="elsevierStyleBold"><span class="elsevierStyleBold"></span></span> Assessing family function will provide a starting point for deciding and&#47;or evaluating family therapy&#46;</p><hr></hr><p class="elsevierStylePara">Many guides and consensuses have been produced all over the world on the diagnosis and treatment of asthma recommending different evaluation tools to optimise its management&#59; the spirometer&#44; which measures the effect on pulmonary function&#44; the symptoms diary&#44; which gives information on the impact of asthma&#44; the use of relief medication by the patient and questionnaires on quality of life which can assess how asthma influences the quality of life of the patient and even of their carers&#46; Research works currently include these tools to evaluate the response of the disease to different pharmacological and immunotherapy treatment and even therapeutic education&#46; All using an approach very much directed at the disease&#44; thus avoiding the biopsychosocial approach which must prevail in patient care&#44; and forgetting to a certain extent the effects that asthma has on the family of which the patient forms a part&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">Following the systematic theory of the family&#44; if one of its members is ill&#44; it can have consequences on the health of the family dynamics as the disease represents a stress situation to which not only the patient has to adapt but also all of their family&#46; Research has shown that families who have a child with a chronic disease may lack cohesion&#44; adaptability&#44; and parent-child interaction&#46; Also&#44; there may be family conflicts and limited abilities to resolve conflicts&#46; On the other hand&#44; there are certain internal circumstances within families that make it difficult to adapt to stressful life events&#44; such as a new family member&#44; loss of employment&#44; death of a near family member&#44; etc&#46; Depending on the family dynamics&#44; this can have a direct positive or negative effect on the care that the family provides to the patient&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">In the article that we are commenting on&#44;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span> the authors investigated changes in the family functioning of paediatric patients with asthma&#46; For this&#44; they used the family APGAR&#44; a tool constructed to measure family functioning&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">This tool was created in 1978 by Smilkstein<span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span> as an attempt to respond to the need to assess family function&#44; using a simple tool&#44; which could be self-completed in very little time by people with a low educational level&#46; Smilkstein used the acronym APGAR to highlight the 5 components of family function&#58; adaptability<span class="elsevierStyleItalic"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#44;</span></span> partnership<span class="elsevierStyleItalic"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#44;</span></span> growth&#44; affection&#44; and resolve&#44; and followed the comparison with the APGAR score of the newborn&#44; giving scores of 0&#44; 1&#44; or 2 to each of the variables of this family APGAR&#46; Once all the scores are added up&#44; it is estimated that that there is a severe or mild dysfunction in a family when the total is between 0 and 3 or between 4 and 6&#44; respectively&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">If the score obtained is between 7 and 10&#44; the person who answers perceives their family as functional&#46; This tool has been criticised by other authors due to it having low sensitivity and specificity&#44; with errors in assigning whether a family is dysfunctional or not&#46; However&#44; the family APGAR has been validated by Bell&#243;n et al&#44;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span> in our country&#44; and was considered &#34;a useful tool to find out the family situation and its possible role in the origin of conflicts and their solution&#44; and given its simplicity&#44; it is possibly the questionnaire of choice with this purpose in clinical practice&#46;&#34; There are other questionnaires that probably could improve the validity of the family APGAR&#44; but they have against them the high number of items which make them impractical in our overcrowded clinics&#46; On the other hand&#44; the performing of the family APGAR must not be a substitute for a good family anamnesis which should be practiced when opening and updating all the clinical histories&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara"> Guzm&#225;n-Pantoja et al<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span> present a paper in which the families of patients with asthma &#40;other chronic diseases excluded&#41; had more family dysfunction than those with healthy children&#46; To assess family function they used the family APGAR&#44; which is a very rapid&#44; specific and simple to use tool&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">Although the design of their investigation did not allow the causality of these variables to be established&#44; as they themselves recognise&#44; their study opens new working practices in the management and follow up of the patient with asthma&#44; highlighting new applications&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">Gustaffson et al<span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span> in 1994&#44; using a fairly complex standardised family interview&#44; carried out a prospective study on family dysfunction in a group of families from before the birth of their child&#46; At 3 and 18 months from the birth&#44; family function&#44; and the appearance of respiratory problems in their child was investigated again&#44; and it was observed that family dysfunction was significant in those families where their child suffered a respiratory disorder&#46; Therefore&#44; it concluded that respiratory disease was the cause of the family dysfunction and not the other way round&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">After the work by Guzm&#225;n-Pantoja et al<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span> a new line of research should be open&#44; by carrying out a prospective study with the family APGAR&#44; a specific tool and suitable for use in primary care&#44; to assess family functioning from birth&#46; Its usefulness in detecting changes in family function will have to be demonstrated when there are stressful events in the family or there is a chronic disease such as asthma&#46; At the same time it could help to identify families with a present or recently appeared family dysfunction due to asthma&#46; A review by the Cochrane group<span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span> concludes that family therapy can be a useful complement to drugs for children with asthma&#44; but it adds that &#34;this conclusion is limited&#44; due to the small sample size of the studies and the lack of standardisation in the choice in the measurement of results&#46;&#34; The studies on which this review was based were very limited&#44; since this type of treatment is hardly used in the control of asthma&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">One of the consequences mentioned on the applicability of studying family function with a tool such as the family APGAR is that&#44; up until now&#44; the majority of research work has been aimed at evaluating the response of the asthma to some type of pharmacological treatment&#44; and other procedures such as family therapy have not been well researched and evaluated&#44; due to having ignored the importance of having the family present in the treatment of asthma&#46; Paraphrasing other authors<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>&#59; &#34;the evaluation of family dynamics must be considered a fundamental part in the integral approach of the paediatric patient with asthma&#34; and we could add&#46;&#46;&#46;with potential therapeutic implications&#46;</p>"
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Article information
ISSN: 02126567
Original language: English
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2020 February 14 3 17
2020 January 12 11 23
2019 December 23 11 34
2019 November 14 10 24
2019 October 9 5 14
2019 September 17 11 28
2019 August 10 6 16
2019 July 7 21 28
2019 June 30 31 61
2019 May 86 74 160
2019 April 27 25 52
2019 March 8 6 14
2019 February 6 15 21
2019 January 8 4 12
2018 December 4 12 16
2018 November 13 7 20
2018 October 18 10 28
2018 September 12 6 18
2018 August 3 8 11
2018 July 6 6 12
2018 June 1 13 14
2018 May 6 9 15
2018 April 2 9 11
2018 March 2 6 8
2018 February 9 7 16
2018 January 3 4 7
2017 December 3 10 13
2017 November 5 12 17
2017 October 5 13 18
2017 September 4 4 8
2017 August 8 12 20
2017 July 4 6 10
2017 June 10 13 23
2017 May 10 12 22
2017 April 8 28 36
2017 March 12 48 60
2017 February 21 10 31
2017 January 5 4 9
2016 December 16 10 26
2016 November 15 15 30
2016 October 34 15 49
2016 September 23 13 36
2016 August 19 10 29
2016 July 24 6 30
2016 June 48 40 88
2016 May 35 20 55
2016 April 30 30 60
2016 March 18 19 37
2016 February 23 29 52
2016 January 23 18 41
2015 December 23 28 51
2015 November 18 17 35
2015 October 34 26 60
2015 September 37 17 54
2015 August 26 10 36
2015 July 22 12 34
2015 June 10 16 26
2015 May 17 19 36
2015 April 14 22 36
2015 March 19 20 39
2015 February 20 3 23
2015 January 37 5 42
2014 December 76 4 80
2014 November 59 2 61
2014 October 61 21 82
2014 September 62 2 64
2014 August 45 3 48
2014 July 64 4 68
2014 June 59 7 66
2014 May 75 5 80
2014 April 36 2 38
2014 March 45 4 49
2014 February 31 3 34
2014 January 34 2 36
2013 December 50 3 53
2013 November 65 10 75
2013 October 55 16 71
2013 September 39 12 51
2013 August 64 15 79
2013 July 41 2 43
2008 November 1465 0 1465
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es en pt

¿Es usted profesional sanitario apto para prescribir o dispensar medicamentos?

Are you a health professional able to prescribe or dispense drugs?

Você é um profissional de saúde habilitado a prescrever ou dispensar medicamentos