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Vol. 26. Issue 9.
Pages 607-613 (January 2000)
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Vol. 26. Issue 9.
Pages 607-613 (January 2000)
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Descenso nocturno de la presión arterial: factores determinantes y relación con daño orgánico secundario a hipertensión
Night-time drop in blood pressure: determining factors and relationship with organic damage as a side-effect of hypertension
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R. Cabrera Véleza, M.A. Martínez Lópezb,
Corresponding author
anmar@nacom.es

Correspondencia: Avda. Llano Castellano 3, 5.° B. 28034 Madrid.
, A. Torre Carballadac, Álvaro Aguirre de Cárcer Escolanod, P. Seguido Aliagad, I. Sáenz del Castilloe, E. Polo Gómezf, M.J. Alcaide Martíng, J. García Puigb, por el Grupo MAPA-Madrid *
a Centro de Salud Espronceda. Madrid Unidad de Investigación del Área 5 de Madrid (Atención Primaria y Hospital La Paz).
b Hospital La Paz (Medicina Interna). Madrid Unidad de Investigación del Área 5 de Madrid (Atención Primaria y Hospital La Paz).
c Hospital La Paz (Nefrología). Madrid Unidad de Investigación del Área 5 de Madrid (Atención Primaria y Hospital La Paz).
d Centro de Salud La Chopera. Madrid Unidad de Investigación del Área 5 de Madrid (Atención Primaria y Hospital La Paz).
e Centro de Salud Bustarviejo. Madrid Unidad de Investigación del Área 5 de Madrid (Atención Primaria y Hospital La Paz).
f Centro de Salud Sector III. Madrid Unidad de Investigación del Área 5 de Madrid (Atención Primaria y Hospital La Paz).
g Centro de Especialidades Alcobendas (Bioquímica). Madrid Unidad de Investigación del Área 5 de Madrid (Atención Primaria y Hospital La Paz).
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Objetivos

Evaluar el descenso nocturno de la presión arterial en los pacientes con hipertensión ligera y determinar su posible relación con la presencia de daño en órganos diana.

Diseño

Estudio transversal.

Emplazamiento

Ocho centros de salud urbanos.

Pacientes

Cuatrocientos dieciocho pacientes adultos con hipertensión arterial ligera-moderada.

Intervenciones

a) Lectura de la presión arterial en 3 visitas; b) monitorización ambulatoria de la presión durante 24 horas; c) ecocardiografía (en 219 pacientes), y d) determinación de albuminuria (en 134 pacientes). Se definió como descenso nocturno de presión arterial la diferencia entre las presiones ambulatorias diurna y nocturna, y como descenso relativo al porcentaje de descenso de la presión nocturna respecto de la diurna.

Resultados

El descenso nocturno de las presiones sistólica y diastólica fue de 13,6 (10,7) y 12,1 (8,6) mmHg, respectivamente. Los factores predictores del descenso nocturno de PA (%) fueron, en sentido directo, la presión arterial ambulatoria diurna (p < 0,05) y el sexo femenino (p < 0,05) y, en sentido inverso, la edad (p < 0,05). No se observó asociación entre el descenso nocturno de presión arterial y la masa del ventrículo izquierdo. Solamente en mujeres se observó una relación independiente, en sentido inverso, entre el descenso nocturno de presión arterial y la excreción urinaria de albúmina (p < 0,05).

Conclusiones

El descenso nocturno relativo (%) de la presión arterial es mayor en las mujeres que en los varones, disminuye con la edad y depende de la presión ambulatoria diurna. En las mujeres, un menor descenso nocturno de la presión arterial se asocia a mayor daño orgánico.

Palabras clave:
Descenso nocturno presión arterial
Hipertensión arterial
Masa ventrículo izquierdo
Microalbuminuria
Monitorización ambulatoria presión arterial
Objectives

To evaluate the night-time drop in blood pressure in patients with light hypertension and to determine its possible relationship with damage in key organs.

Design

Cross-sectional study.

Setting

Eight urban health centres.

Patients

Four hundred and eighteen adults with light-moderate hypertension.

Interventions

a) Blood pressure reading on three visits; b) ambulatory monitoring of pressure for 24 hours; c) echocardiograph (in 219 patients); d) albuminuria determination (in 134 patients). A night-time drop in blood pressure was defined as the difference between day and night ambulatory pressures; and relative drop, as the night-time pressure drop as a percentage of the day-time pressure.

Results

Night-time drop in systolic and diastolic pressures was 13.6 (10.7) and 12.1 (8.6) mmHg, respectively. The predictive factors of night-time drop in blood pressure were, directly, daily ambulatory blood pressure (p < 0.05) and female gender (p < 0.05) and, inversely, age (p < 0.05). No association was observed between nighttime drop in blood pressure and left ventricular mass. Only in women was an independent relationship found, inversely, between night-time drop in blood pressure and urinary excretion of albumin (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

Relative night-time drop in blood pressure is greater in women than in men, diminishes with age and depends on the day-time ambulatory pressure. In women a minor night-time drop in blood pressure is associated with greater organic damage.

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Este trabajo ha sido financiado con ayuda del Fondo de Investigación Sanitaria (Proyectos FIS n.° 95/026, 97/046 y 99/056).

Al final del artículo figura la lista de los investigadores del grupo MAPA-Madrid.

Copyright © 2000. Elsevier España, S.L.. Todos los derechos reservados
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