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Vol. 28. Issue 1.
Pages 46-49 (January 2001)
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Vol. 28. Issue 1.
Pages 46-49 (January 2001)
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Factores de riesgo de un nuevo accidente cerebral cardioembólico en la fibrilación auricular no valvular tratada con acenocumarol
Risk factors of a new cardio-embolic cerebral accident in non-valvular auricular fibrillation treated with acenocoumarol
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E. Vázquez Muñoza,
Corresponding author
envamu@mixmail.com

Correspondencia: C/ La Campana, 10. 28120 Ciudad Santo Domingo. Madrid.
, J. Gómez Cerezob, A. Fernández Pavónc
a Especialista en Medicina Familiar y Comunitaria. Área 5 y Hospital Universitario La Paz. Madrid.
b Tutor de Médicos de Familia. Área 5 y Hospital Universitario La Paz. Madrid.
c Jefe de Sección de la Unidad de Anticoagulación. Área 5 y Hospital Universitario La Paz. Madrid.
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Objetivos

Investigar los factores de riesgo que determinan la presentación de un nuevo accidente cerebral cardioembólico en la tromboprofilaxis secundaria de la fibrilación auricular no valvular (FANV). Diseño. Estudio observacional, controlado, sobre una serie de pacientes tratados con acenocumarol, durante un período de 2,8 años.

Emplazamiento

Unidad de Anticoagulación del Hospital La Paz y enfermos del Área 5 de Madrid. Participantes.

Un total de 172 pacientes con FANV, de más de 55 años, con antigüedad de la fibrilación de al menos un año, y que hubieran presentado al menos un accidente cerebral isquémico. Todos fueron tratados con acenocumarol y controlados a un international normalizad ratio (INR) de 2,5. Se precisaron los factores de riesgo y se vigiló la presentación de nuevos fenómenos cardioembólicos durante el tiempo de estudio.

Mediciones y resultados principales

Se registraron 12 fenómenos cardioembólicos (11 ACV y un embolismo periférico). El estudio univariante demostró que había una asociación significativa entre los pacientes en que se manifestó un nuevo ictus y los que presentaban insuficiencia cardíaca (p < 0,05), así como antecedentes de más de un ictus previo al inicio del estudio (p < 0,05). Con estudio multivariante se comprobó que el que tenía valor predictivo independiente fue el de haber tenido más de un ictus.

Conclusiones

La mayor amenaza para el desarrollo de un nuevo ACV isquémico durante la anticoagulación en la FANV es el antecedente de 2 o más ictus previos, como si la tendencia a recurrir obedeciera a que estos enfermos presentaran una aterosclerosis más extensa.

Palabras clave:
Fibrilación auricular no valvular
Accidente cerebrovascular isquémico
Accidente cardioembólico
Tromboprofilaxis
Objectives

To investigate the risk factors determining the appearance of a new cardio-embolic cerebral accident on secondary thrombophylaxis of non-valvular auricular fibrillation (NVAF).

Design

Controlled observational study on a series of patients treated with acenocoumarol for a period of 2.8 years.

Setting

Anticoagulation Unit of the La Paz Hospital and patients from Madrid Area 5.

Participants

172 patients with NVAF, over 55 and with fibrillation for at least a year, and who had suffered at least one ischaemic cerebral accident. All were treated with acenocoumarol and controlled at an INR of 2.5. The risk factors were determined and the appearance of new cardio-embolic phenomena was watched during the study period.

Measurements and main results

12 cardio-embolic phenomena were recorded (11 CVA and one peripheral embolism). The univariate study showed there was a significant association between patients who suffered a new ictus and those who suffered heart failure (p < 0.05) and had a history of more than one ictus before the start of the study (p < 0.05). Multivariate analysis found that what had independent predictive value was having suffered more than one ictus.

Conclusions

The greatest threat for developing a new ischaemic CVA during anticoagulation in NVAF is having a history of two or more previous ictus, as if the tendency to recur was due to these patients having more extensive atherosclerosis.

Key words:
Non-valvular auricular fibrillation
Ischaemic cerebrovascular accident
Cardio-embolic accident
Thromboprophylaxis
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Copyright © 2001. Elsevier España, S.L.. Todos los derechos reservados
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