Fluorine-induced in situ crystallization route to mesoporous Li2Si2O5 hydrate dumbbell-like structures | Boletín de la Sociedad Española de Cerámica y Vidrio

array:22 ["pii" => "S0366317519300809" "issn" => "03663175" "doi" => "10.1016/j.bsecv.2019.09.004" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2020-03-01" "aid" => "176" "copyrightAnyo" => "2019" "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 1 "licencia" => "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/" "subdocumento" => "fla" "cita" => "Bol Soc Esp Ceram Vidr. 2020;59:88-92" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:2 [ "total" => 16 "formatos" => array:2 [ "EPUB" => 5 "PDF" => 11 ] ] "itemAnterior" => array:19 [ "pii" => "S0366317519300524" "issn" => "03663175" "doi" => "10.1016/j.bsecv.2019.07.002" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2020-03-01" "aid" => "164" "copyright" => "SECV" "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 1 "licencia" => "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/" "subdocumento" => "fla" "cita" => "Bol Soc Esp Ceram Vidr. 2020;59:81-7" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:2 [ "total" => 254 "formatos" => array:3 [ "EPUB" => 25 "HTML" => 149 "PDF" => 80 ] ] "en" => array:13 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "Original" "titulo" => "Two-step doping approach releasing the piezoelectric response of BiFeO3 bulk ceramics co-doped with titanium and samarium" "tienePdf" => "en" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en" "tieneResumen" => array:2 [ 0 => "en" 1 => "es" ] "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "81" "paginaFinal" => "87" ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Desarrollo de una estrategia de dopado en dos etapas para liberar la respuesta piezoeléctrica de cerámicas en volumen de BiFeO3 co-dopado con titanio y samario" ] ] "contieneResumen" => array:2 [ "en" => true "es" => true ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0030" "etiqueta" => "Fig. 6" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr6.jpeg" "Alto" => 1119 "Ancho" => 3169 "Tamanyo" => 158342 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Piezoelectric coefficients d31 and d33 for the BSFTO-m sample as measured by the resonance-antiresonance methodology." ] ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "Carlos Gumiel, Mara S. Bernardo, Pablo G. Villanueva, David G. Calatayud, Marco Peiteado, Teresa Jardiel" "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Carlos" "apellidos" => "Gumiel" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Mara S." "apellidos" => "Bernardo" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Pablo G." "apellidos" => "Villanueva" ] 3 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "David G." "apellidos" => "Calatayud" ] 4 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Marco" "apellidos" => "Peiteado" ] 5 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Teresa" "apellidos" => "Jardiel" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0366317519300524?idApp=UINPBA00004N" "url" => "/03663175/0000005900000002/v1_202004071154/S0366317519300524/v1_202004071154/en/main.assets" ] "en" => array:20 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "Original" "titulo" => "Fluorine-induced in situ crystallization route to mesoporous Li2Si2O5 hydrate dumbbell-like structures" "tieneTextoCompleto" => true "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "88" "paginaFinal" => "92" ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "autoresLista" => "Hui Zhang, Jinxiao Wang, Jianfeng Yang" "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Hui" "apellidos" => "Zhang" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Jinxiao" "apellidos" => "Wang" ] 2 => array:4 [ "nombre" => "Jianfeng" "apellidos" => "Yang" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "yangjianfeng51@163.com" ] "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "*" "identificador" => "cor0005" ] ] ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "entidad" => "State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor0005" "etiqueta" => "⁎" "correspondencia" => "Corresponding author." ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Ruta de cristalización in situ inducida por flúor a estructuras de hidrato de Li2Si2O5 mesoporoso en forma de mancuernas" ] ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0010" "etiqueta" => "Fig. 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg" "Alto" => 2549 "Ancho" => 3083 "Tamanyo" => 989140 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "FE-SEM images and corresponding XRD patterns of Li2Si2O5 hydrate products prepared at different NH4F content: (a) 0, (b) 0.074, (c) 0.148 and (d) 0.296g NH4F, (e) corresponding spot and area EDS patterns in magnified views of d2 and d3, (f) 0.592g NH4F; and (g) the XRD patterns." ] ] ] "textoCompleto" => "IntroductionLi2Si2O5 is considered to be one of the most promising functional materials in many areas, such as dentistry, CO2 adsorption, tritium breeders and so on <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0110">[1–3]</a>. Research in these areas is closely related to the synthetically controlled morphologies that represent the key modulation in the properties of final products that largely determine the field of material capability <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0125">[4–6]</a>. Conventionally, direct solid-state reaction or chemical precipitation processes are the most common methods for obtaining granular Li2Si2O5 powders <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0140">[7,8]</a>. However, these strategies are solely effective for relative dense Li2Si2O5 bulk crystals without pores, because the rapidly short-length diffusion of lithium arouses compact surface layers formed on pristine particles. An alternative route is to deposit 2D sheet-like Li2Si2O5 nanostructures through a mild hydrothermal process, which endows a useful function <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0150">[9,10]</a>. Despite the success in functional enhancements, it still faces problems of fairly low surface area, resulting in heavy loss of other functions. Up to now, little success has been achieved in constructing functional Li2Si2O5 hierarchical structures owing to the difficulty in simultaneously controlling the growth of Li2Si2O5 and their properties. Herein, we reported a fluorine-induced in situ crystallization route to synthesize a novel type of mesoporous dumbbell-like Li2Si2O5 hydrate structures with large surface area and potential methylene blue (denoted as MB) adsorption function.ExperimentalTypically, a certain weight of NH4F (0, 0.074, 0.148, 0.296, 0.592g) was dissolved in 75mL of deionized water and magnetically stirred, followed by addition of 0.2M LiOH·H2O and TEOS with Li/Si=1. After vigorously stirring for 30min, the solution was transferred into a 100mL Teflon-lined autoclave and maintained at 180°C for 48h. The as-obtained white products were collected by washing several times with alcohol, and then dried at 80°C for 24h.Results and discussion<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig. 1</a> shows the morphological details and phase composition of the product prepared at 0.148g NH4F. The product presented dumbbell-like structure from the panoramic image (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig. 1</a>a). The two lobe brushes of the dumbbell radiated symmetrically from the center with diameter of about 2.5μm, resulting in a total size of about 25μm. It could be found that the brushes were constructed by flocky nanowires of about 200nm (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig. 1</a>b). From the magnified TEM image and SAED patterns (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig. 1</a>c), it could be seen that the single flocky nanowire exhibited composite structure consisting of highly crystallized single-crystalline gracile nanowire with agglomerated polycrystalline nanoparticles coated on. Notably, the plenty of agglomerated nanoparticles formed a mesoporous structure. The XRD peaks in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig. 1</a>(d) could be well indexed to the pure orthorhombic structure of Li2Si2O5 hydrate crystals (Li2Si2O5·2H2O) (JCPDS No. 33-0816), indicating a high crystallinity in consistent with the TEM result.<elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig. 2</a> shows the morphological evolution and phase composition of at different NH4F content. In the absence of NH4F, only Li2Si2O5 hydrate clusters assembled by multidirectional prismatic rods radiating from the center were observed (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig. 2</a>a). Increasing the NH4F content to 0.074g, Li2Si2O5 hydrate rod-nanoparticle composites were derived and packed together to form delicate brushes that were radially but symmetrically arranged and bundled at one center (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig. 2</a>b). Adjusting the content to 0.148g, dumbbell-like Li2Si2O5 hydrate structures that composed of two symmetrical lobes were formed (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig. 2</a>c). When 0.296g NH4F was introduced, the two lobes of the dumbbell derived into two hemispherical brushes with high-density nanowire-nanoparticles as shown in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig. 2</a>(d1). From the enlarged views (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig. 2</a>(d2–d3)), it could be visibly observed that numerous bigger white nanoparticles were adhered on the pristine Li2Si2O5 hydrate nanoparticles. This might be ascribed to amorphous SiO2 by the EDS results in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig. 2</a>(e), in agreement with the amorphous characteristics in the XRD domain peaks from 20 to 25° (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig. 2</a>(g)) that differed from the product at 0.148g NH4F. However, when 0.592g NH4F was introduced, only cubic LiF (JCPDS No. 04-0857, <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig. 2</a>(g)) blocks were formed accompanied with a spot of amorphous SiO2 (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig. 2</a>(f)).<elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia>Apparently, NH4F played a decisive role in directing the Li2Si2O5 hydrate structures. On the basis of previous studies <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0160">[11–13]</a>, the growth of dumbbell-like structures was highly related to an in situ crystallization process that occurred solely along the crystal facet direction adsorbing fluorine due to the lower surface energy. In this process, NH4F hydrolyzed into ammonia acting as a pH buffer to slowly release OH−<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0175">[14,15]</a>. The surfaces of early formed Li2Si2O5 hydrate nanowires were unsaturated charged and surface Li+ could interact with fluorine to form Si-O-Li-F complexes as confirmed by the XPS spectra of surface composition containing O, Si, F and Li (Fig. S1). The hydrogen bonding between Si-O-Li-F complexes and ammonia in the solution made the complexes act as anchor sites to capture OH−. OH− exchanged with fluorine resulting in chemical defects that benefited heterogeneous nucleation on the nanowires <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0185">[16–18]</a>. The more the NH4F content was, the more nucleation sites on the surfaces formed, accelerating the nuclei deposition and leading to further quantities of nanowires derived (0.296g) and vice versa (0.074g). Importantly, excess consumption of OH− by ammonia led to the surplus of TEOS due to Li+/OH−/Si=1 for Li2Si2O5·2H2O, thereby SiO2 nanoparticles formed. When using 0.592g NH4F (Li/F=1), the reaction between NH4F and LiOH dominated because the supersaturation toward LiF was satisfied, resulting in a mixture of amorphous SiO2 nanoparticles and highly crystallized LiF.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a> compares the BET parameters of the dumbbells (0.148g NH4F) with the product of NH4F-free. The specific surface area of the dumbbells was 76.61m2·g−1, 4.09 times that of NH4F-free product and higher than that of other related report <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0200">[19]</a>. The average pore diameter and pore volume were 12.46nm and 17.08×10−2cm3·g−1, respectively, indicating that the product was mesoporous material <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0205">[20]</a> in agreement with the TEM result.<elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0015">Fig. 3</a> compares the MB adsorption kinetics of Li2Si2O5 hydrate products at different NH4F content. The MB adsorbance of all the products rose rapidly at the very beginning (0–20min) due to the strong electrostatic interaction between chromophoric groups of MB and surfaces of Li2Si2O5 hydrate and a large number of unoccupied vacant surface. Then the adsorption rate gradually slowed down until equilibrium (4h) due to the remaining vacant surface sites were difficult to be occupied resulted from the steric barrier between MB molecules on the surface <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0210">[21]</a>. Distinctly, the adsorption rate of products at 0.296g NH4F was slower than that of other products and the MB desorption occurred after equilibrium. It might be explained that numerous amorphous SiO2 strong adhesion on dumbbells might occupy the active sites and reduce the electrostatic interaction between MB molecules and Li2Si2O5 hydrate surfaces. The MB equilibrium adsorbance of these products were 55.89 (NH4F-free), 64.87 (0.074g NH4F), 66.09 (0.148g NH4F) and 62.26mg/g−1 (0.296g NH4F), respectively. It could also be found that Li2Si2O5 hydrate dumbbells (0.148g NH4F) showed the largest adsorbance attributed to the enlarged specific surface area owing to the cavities between nanoparticles and nanowires resulted porous structure, implying a potential application in effluent treatment.<elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0015"></elsevierMultimedia>ConclusionNovel mesoporous Li2Si2O5 hydrate dumbbell-like structures were conveniently synthesized by a facile fluorine-induced in situ crystallization route, which featured a largest specific surface area of 76.71m2·g−1 ever reported to date on Li2Si2O5 structures. Benefiting from its unique mesoporous structure, Li2Si2O5 hydrate dumbbells presented a strong methylene blue adsorbance to 66.09mgg−1, offering attractive benefits for promising functional application in effluent treatment." "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [ "secciones" => array:10 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "xres1324801" "titulo" => "Abstract" "secciones" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "identificador" => "abst0005" ] ] ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1221370" "titulo" => "Keywords" ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "xres1324800" "titulo" => "Resumen" "secciones" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "identificador" => "abst0010" ] ] ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1221371" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" ] 4 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0005" "titulo" => "Introduction" ] 5 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0010" "titulo" => "Experimental" ] 6 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0015" "titulo" => "Results and discussion" ] 7 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0020" "titulo" => "Conclusion" ] 8 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xack457145" "titulo" => "Acknowledgments" ] 9 => array:1 [ "titulo" => "References" ] ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "fechaRecibido" => "2019-06-18" "fechaAceptado" => "2019-09-11" "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [ "en" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Keywords" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1221370" "palabras" => array:4 [ 0 => "NH4F" 1 => "Hydrothermal synthesis" 2 => "Li2Si2O5 hydrate dumbbells" 3 => "Methylene blue adsorption" ] ] ] "es" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1221371" "palabras" => array:4 [ 0 => "NH4F" 1 => "Síntesis hidrotérmica" 2 => "Mancuernas de hidrato de Li2Si2O5" 3 => "Adsorción de azul de metileno" ] ] ] ] "tieneResumen" => true "resumen" => array:2 [ "en" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Abstract" "resumen" => "Herein, mesoporous Li2Si2O5 hydrate dumbbell-like structures were for the first time fabricated by a fluorine-induced in situ crystallization route. The obtained dumbbells assembled by nanowire-nanoparticles featured highly porous structures with mesoporous pores below 13nm, enabling a remarkably large surface area of 76.71m2·g−1 which was 4.09 times that of the structures in NH4F-free solution and represented one of highest values reported to date on Li2Si2O5 structures. The novel mesoporous structures revealed a new strategy to enhance the methylene blue adsorbance to 66.09mgg−1, allowing for their promising functional application in effluent treatment." ] "es" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Resumen" "resumen" => "Aquí, un hidrato de Li2Si2O5 mesoporoso en forma de mancuernas fue obtenido por primera vez usando una ruta de cristalización in situ inducida por flúor. Las mancuernas obtenidas, formadas por el ensamblaje de nanopartículas en forma de nanohilos, presentaron una porosidad elevada, con mesoporos por debajo de los 13nm, habilitando un área superficial particularmente grande, de 76,71m2·g−1, siendo este valor 4,09 veces el de las estructuras obtenidas sin el empleo de NH4F, lo que representa uno de los valores más altos descritos hasta la fecha en estructuras de Li2Si2O5. Las nuevas estructuras mesoporosas revelaron una estrategia novedosa para mejorar la adsorción de azul de metileno a 66,09mg·g−1, lo que supone una prometedora aplicación en el tratamiento de efluentes." ] ] "multimedia" => array:4 [ 0 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Fig. 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 2075 "Ancho" => 2917 "Tamanyo" => 596658 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "(a) The integral and (b) the high-magnification FE-SEM images, (c) the single nanowire and its corresponding TEM image, (d) XRD pattern of Li2Si2O5 hydrate dumbbells prepared at 0.148g NH4F. Insets in (c) are the SAED patterns of two counterparts showing polycrystalline nanoparticles and single-crystal nanowire in the dumbbell, respectively." ] ] 1 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0010" "etiqueta" => "Fig. 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg" "Alto" => 2549 "Ancho" => 3083 "Tamanyo" => 989140 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "FE-SEM images and corresponding XRD patterns of Li2Si2O5 hydrate products prepared at different NH4F content: (a) 0, (b) 0.074, (c) 0.148 and (d) 0.296g NH4F, (e) corresponding spot and area EDS patterns in magnified views of d2 and d3, (f) 0.592g NH4F; and (g) the XRD patterns." ] ] 2 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0015" "etiqueta" => "Fig. 3" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr3.jpeg" "Alto" => 1311 "Ancho" => 1625 "Tamanyo" => 147912 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "The MB adsorption curves of Li2Si2O5 hydrate products prepared at different NH4F content." ] ] 3 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0005" "etiqueta" => "Table 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at1" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:1 [ "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Parameters \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Samples \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">With NH4F \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">NH4F-free \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Specific surface area (m2·g−1) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">76.71 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">18.74 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Average pore diameter (nm) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">12.46 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">13.92 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Pore volume (cm3·g−1) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">17.08×10−2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">4.84×10−2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab2270805.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "The BET parameters of dumbbell-like structures (0.148g NH4F) compared with rod clusters (NH4F-free)." ] ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "References" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0015" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:21 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0110" "etiqueta" => "[1]" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "H. 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"vista" => "all" ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "url" => "/03663175/0000005900000002/v1_202004071154/S0366317519300809/v1_202004071154/en/main.assets" "Apartado" => null "PDF" => "https://static.elsevier.es/multimedia/03663175/0000005900000002/v1_202004071154/S0366317519300809/v1_202004071154/en/main.pdf?idApp=UINPBA00004N&text.app=https://www.elsevier.es/" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0366317519300809?idApp=UINPBA00004N"]

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Fluorine-induced in situ crystallization route to mesoporous Li2Si2O5 hydrate dumbbell-like structures

Ruta de cristalización in situ inducida por flúor a estructuras de hidrato de Li2Si2O5 mesoporoso en forma de mancuernas

Hui Zhang, Jinxiao Wang, Jianfeng Yang

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yangjianfeng51@163.com

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State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China

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  "fechaPublicacion" => "2020-03-01"
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  "licencia" => "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/"
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    "titulo" => "Fluorine-induced in situ crystallization route to mesoporous Li<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>Si<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>O<span class="elsevierStyleInf">5</span> hydrate dumbbell-like structures"
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          "en" => "<p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">FE-SEM images and corresponding XRD patterns of Li<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>Si<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>O<span class="elsevierStyleInf">5</span> hydrate products prepared at different NH<span class="elsevierStyleInf">4</span>F content&#58; &#40;a&#41; 0&#44; &#40;b&#41; 0&#46;074&#44; &#40;c&#41; 0&#46;148 and &#40;d&#41; 0&#46;296<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>g NH<span class="elsevierStyleInf">4</span>F&#44; &#40;e&#41; corresponding spot and area EDS patterns in magnified views of d2 and d3&#44; &#40;f&#41; 0&#46;592<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>g NH<span class="elsevierStyleInf">4</span>F&#59; and &#40;g&#41; the XRD patterns&#46;</p>"
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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Introduction</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Li<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>Si<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>O<span class="elsevierStyleInf">5</span> is considered to be one of the most promising functional materials in many areas&#44; such as dentistry&#44; CO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> adsorption&#44; tritium breeders and so on <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0110">&#91;1&#8211;3&#93;</a>&#46; Research in these areas is closely related to the synthetically controlled morphologies that represent the key modulation in the properties of final products that largely determine the field of material capability <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0125">&#91;4&#8211;6&#93;</a>&#46; Conventionally&#44; direct solid-state reaction or chemical precipitation processes are the most common methods for obtaining granular Li<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>Si<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>O<span class="elsevierStyleInf">5</span> powders <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0140">&#91;7&#44;8&#93;</a>&#46; However&#44; these strategies are solely effective for relative dense Li<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>Si<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>O<span class="elsevierStyleInf">5</span> bulk crystals without pores&#44; because the rapidly short-length diffusion of lithium arouses compact surface layers formed on pristine particles&#46; An alternative route is to deposit 2D sheet-like Li<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>Si<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>O<span class="elsevierStyleInf">5</span> nanostructures through a mild hydrothermal process&#44; which endows a useful function <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0150">&#91;9&#44;10&#93;</a>&#46; Despite the success in functional enhancements&#44; it still faces problems of fairly low surface area&#44; resulting in heavy loss of other functions&#46; Up to now&#44; little success has been achieved in constructing functional Li<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>Si<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>O<span class="elsevierStyleInf">5</span> hierarchical structures owing to the difficulty in simultaneously controlling the growth of Li<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>Si<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>O<span class="elsevierStyleInf">5</span> and their properties&#46; Herein&#44; we reported a fluorine-induced in situ crystallization route to synthesize a novel type of mesoporous dumbbell-like Li<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>Si<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>O<span class="elsevierStyleInf">5</span> hydrate structures with large surface area and potential methylene blue &#40;denoted as MB&#41; adsorption function&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0030">Experimental</span><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Typically&#44; a certain weight of NH<span class="elsevierStyleInf">4</span>F &#40;0&#44; 0&#46;074&#44; 0&#46;148&#44; 0&#46;296&#44; 0&#46;592<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>g&#41; was dissolved in 75<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mL of deionized water and magnetically stirred&#44; followed by addition of 0&#46;2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>M LiOH&#183;H<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>O and TEOS with Li&#47;Si<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#46; After vigorously stirring for 30<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>min&#44; the solution was transferred into a 100<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mL Teflon-lined autoclave and maintained at 180<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#176;C for 48<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h&#46; The as-obtained white products were collected by washing several times with alcohol&#44; and then dried at 80<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#176;C for 24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Results and discussion</span><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a> shows the morphological details and phase composition of the product prepared at 0&#46;148<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>g NH<span class="elsevierStyleInf">4</span>F&#46; The product presented dumbbell-like structure from the panoramic image &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>a&#41;&#46; The two lobe brushes of the dumbbell radiated symmetrically from the center with diameter of about 2&#46;5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#956;m&#44; resulting in a total size of about 25<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#956;m&#46; It could be found that the brushes were constructed by flocky nanowires of about 200<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>nm &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>b&#41;&#46; From the magnified TEM image and SAED patterns &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>c&#41;&#44; it could be seen that the single flocky nanowire exhibited composite structure consisting of highly crystallized single-crystalline gracile nanowire with agglomerated polycrystalline nanoparticles coated on&#46; Notably&#44; the plenty of agglomerated nanoparticles formed a mesoporous structure&#46; The XRD peaks in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>&#40;d&#41; could be well indexed to the pure orthorhombic structure of Li<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>Si<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>O<span class="elsevierStyleInf">5</span> hydrate crystals &#40;Li<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>Si<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>O<span class="elsevierStyleInf">5</span>&#183;2H<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>O&#41; &#40;JCPDS No&#46; 33-0816&#41;&#44; indicating a high crystallinity in consistent with the TEM result&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig&#46; 2</a> shows the morphological evolution and phase composition of at different NH<span class="elsevierStyleInf">4</span>F content&#46; In the absence of NH<span class="elsevierStyleInf">4</span>F&#44; only Li<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>Si<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>O<span class="elsevierStyleInf">5</span> hydrate clusters assembled by multidirectional prismatic rods radiating from the center were observed &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig&#46; 2</a>a&#41;&#46; Increasing the NH<span class="elsevierStyleInf">4</span>F content to 0&#46;074<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>g&#44; Li<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>Si<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>O<span class="elsevierStyleInf">5</span> hydrate rod-nanoparticle composites were derived and packed together to form delicate brushes that were radially but symmetrically arranged and bundled at one center &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig&#46; 2</a>b&#41;&#46; Adjusting the content to 0&#46;148<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>g&#44; dumbbell-like Li<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>Si<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>O<span class="elsevierStyleInf">5</span> hydrate structures that composed of two symmetrical lobes were formed &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig&#46; 2</a>c&#41;&#46; When 0&#46;296<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>g NH<span class="elsevierStyleInf">4</span>F was introduced&#44; the two lobes of the dumbbell derived into two hemispherical brushes with high-density nanowire-nanoparticles as shown in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig&#46; 2</a>&#40;d1&#41;&#46; From the enlarged views &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig&#46; 2</a>&#40;d2&#8211;d3&#41;&#41;&#44; it could be visibly observed that numerous bigger white nanoparticles were adhered on the pristine Li<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>Si<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>O<span class="elsevierStyleInf">5</span> hydrate nanoparticles&#46; This might be ascribed to amorphous SiO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> by the EDS results in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig&#46; 2</a>&#40;e&#41;&#44; in agreement with the amorphous characteristics in the XRD domain peaks from 20 to 25&#176; &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig&#46; 2</a>&#40;g&#41;&#41; that differed from the product at 0&#46;148<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>g NH<span class="elsevierStyleInf">4</span>F&#46; However&#44; when 0&#46;592<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>g NH<span class="elsevierStyleInf">4</span>F was introduced&#44; only cubic LiF &#40;JCPDS No&#46; 04-0857&#44; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig&#46; 2</a>&#40;g&#41;&#41; blocks were formed accompanied with a spot of amorphous SiO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig&#46; 2</a>&#40;f&#41;&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Apparently&#44; NH<span class="elsevierStyleInf">4</span>F played a decisive role in directing the Li<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>Si<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>O<span class="elsevierStyleInf">5</span> hydrate structures&#46; On the basis of previous studies <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0160">&#91;11&#8211;13&#93;</a>&#44; the growth of dumbbell-like structures was highly related to an in situ crystallization process that occurred solely along the crystal facet direction adsorbing fluorine due to the lower surface energy&#46; In this process&#44; NH<span class="elsevierStyleInf">4</span>F hydrolyzed into ammonia acting as a pH buffer to slowly release OH<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#8722;</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0175">&#91;14&#44;15&#93;</a>&#46; The surfaces of early formed Li<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>Si<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>O<span class="elsevierStyleInf">5</span> hydrate nanowires were unsaturated charged and surface Li<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#43;</span> could interact with fluorine to form Si-O-Li-F complexes as confirmed by the XPS spectra of surface composition containing O&#44; Si&#44; F and Li &#40;Fig&#46; S1&#41;&#46; The hydrogen bonding between Si-O-Li-F complexes and ammonia in the solution made the complexes act as anchor sites to capture OH<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#8722;</span>&#46; OH<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#8722;</span> exchanged with fluorine resulting in chemical defects that benefited heterogeneous nucleation on the nanowires <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0185">&#91;16&#8211;18&#93;</a>&#46; The more the NH<span class="elsevierStyleInf">4</span>F content was&#44; the more nucleation sites on the surfaces formed&#44; accelerating the nuclei deposition and leading to further quantities of nanowires derived &#40;0&#46;296<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>g&#41; and vice versa &#40;0&#46;074<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>g&#41;&#46; Importantly&#44; excess consumption of OH<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#8722;</span> by ammonia led to the surplus of TEOS due to Li<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#43;</span>&#47;OH<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#8722;</span>&#47;Si<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1 for Li<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>Si<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>O<span class="elsevierStyleInf">5</span>&#183;2H<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>O&#44; thereby SiO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> nanoparticles formed&#46; When using 0&#46;592<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>g NH<span class="elsevierStyleInf">4</span>F &#40;Li&#47;F<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#41;&#44; the reaction between NH<span class="elsevierStyleInf">4</span>F and LiOH dominated because the supersaturation toward LiF was satisfied&#44; resulting in a mixture of amorphous SiO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> nanoparticles and highly crystallized LiF&#46;</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a> compares the BET parameters of the dumbbells &#40;0&#46;148<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>g NH<span class="elsevierStyleInf">4</span>F&#41; with the product of NH<span class="elsevierStyleInf">4</span>F-free&#46; The specific surface area of the dumbbells was 76&#46;61<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>m<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>&#183;g<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#8722;1</span>&#44; 4&#46;09 times that of NH<span class="elsevierStyleInf">4</span>F-free product and higher than that of other related report <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0200">&#91;19&#93;</a>&#46; The average pore diameter and pore volume were 12&#46;46<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>nm and 17&#46;08<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#215;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>10<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#8722;2</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm<span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span>&#183;g<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#8722;1</span>&#44; respectively&#44; indicating that the product was mesoporous material <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0205">&#91;20&#93;</a> in agreement with the TEM result&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0015">Fig&#46; 3</a> compares the MB adsorption kinetics of Li<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>Si<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>O<span class="elsevierStyleInf">5</span> hydrate products at different NH<span class="elsevierStyleInf">4</span>F content&#46; The MB adsorbance of all the products rose rapidly at the very beginning &#40;0&#8211;20<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>min&#41; due to the strong electrostatic interaction between chromophoric groups of MB and surfaces of Li<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>Si<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>O<span class="elsevierStyleInf">5</span> hydrate and a large number of unoccupied vacant surface&#46; Then the adsorption rate gradually slowed down until equilibrium &#40;4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h&#41; due to the remaining vacant surface sites were difficult to be occupied resulted from the steric barrier between MB molecules on the surface <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0210">&#91;21&#93;</a>&#46; Distinctly&#44; the adsorption rate of products at 0&#46;296<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>g NH<span class="elsevierStyleInf">4</span>F was slower than that of other products and the MB desorption occurred after equilibrium&#46; It might be explained that numerous amorphous SiO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> strong adhesion on dumbbells might occupy the active sites and reduce the electrostatic interaction between MB molecules and Li<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>Si<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>O<span class="elsevierStyleInf">5</span> hydrate surfaces&#46; The MB equilibrium adsorbance of these products were 55&#46;89 &#40;NH<span class="elsevierStyleInf">4</span>F-free&#41;&#44; 64&#46;87 &#40;0&#46;074<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>g NH<span class="elsevierStyleInf">4</span>F&#41;&#44; 66&#46;09 &#40;0&#46;148<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>g NH<span class="elsevierStyleInf">4</span>F&#41; and 62&#46;26<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;g<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#8722;1</span> &#40;0&#46;296<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>g NH<span class="elsevierStyleInf">4</span>F&#41;&#44; respectively&#46; It could also be found that Li<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>Si<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>O<span class="elsevierStyleInf">5</span> hydrate dumbbells &#40;0&#46;148<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>g NH<span class="elsevierStyleInf">4</span>F&#41; showed the largest adsorbance attributed to the enlarged specific surface area owing to the cavities between nanoparticles and nanowires resulted porous structure&#44; implying a potential application in effluent treatment&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0015"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">Conclusion</span><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Novel mesoporous Li<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>Si<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>O<span class="elsevierStyleInf">5</span> hydrate dumbbell-like structures were conveniently synthesized by a facile fluorine-induced in situ crystallization route&#44; which featured a largest specific surface area of 76&#46;71<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>m<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>&#183;g<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#8722;1</span> ever reported to date on Li<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>Si<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>O<span class="elsevierStyleInf">5</span> structures&#46; Benefiting from its unique mesoporous structure&#44; Li<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>Si<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>O<span class="elsevierStyleInf">5</span> hydrate dumbbells presented a strong methylene blue adsorbance to 66&#46;09<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>g<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#8722;1</span>&#44; offering attractive benefits for promising functional application in effluent treatment&#46;</p></span></span>"
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        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Herein&#44; mesoporous Li<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>Si<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>O<span class="elsevierStyleInf">5</span> hydrate dumbbell-like structures were for the first time fabricated by a fluorine-induced in situ crystallization route&#46; The obtained dumbbells assembled by nanowire-nanoparticles featured highly porous structures with mesoporous pores below 13<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>nm&#44; enabling a remarkably large surface area of 76&#46;71<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>m<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>&#183;g<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#8722;1</span> which was 4&#46;09 times that of the structures in NH<span class="elsevierStyleInf">4</span>F-free solution and represented one of highest values reported to date on Li<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>Si<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>O<span class="elsevierStyleInf">5</span> structures&#46; The novel mesoporous structures revealed a new strategy to enhance the methylene blue adsorbance to 66&#46;09<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>g<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#8722;1</span>&#44; allowing for their promising functional application in effluent treatment&#46;</p></span>"
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        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Aqu&#237;&#44; un hidrato de Li<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>Si<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>O<span class="elsevierStyleInf">5</span> mesoporoso en forma de mancuernas fue obtenido por primera vez usando una ruta de cristalizaci&#243;n in situ inducida por fl&#250;or&#46; Las mancuernas obtenidas&#44; formadas por el ensamblaje de nanopart&#237;culas en forma de nanohilos&#44; presentaron una porosidad elevada&#44; con mesoporos por debajo de los 13<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>nm&#44; habilitando un &#225;rea superficial particularmente grande&#44; de 76&#44;71<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>m<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>&#183;g<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#8722;1</span>&#44; siendo este valor 4&#44;09 veces el de las estructuras obtenidas sin el empleo de NH4F&#44; lo que representa uno de los valores m&#225;s altos descritos hasta la fecha en estructuras de Li<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>Si<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>O<span class="elsevierStyleInf">5</span>&#46; Las nuevas estructuras mesoporosas revelaron una estrategia novedosa para mejorar la adsorci&#243;n de azul de metileno a 66&#44;09<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#183;g<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#8722;1</span>&#44; lo que supone una prometedora aplicaci&#243;n en el tratamiento de efluentes&#46;</p></span>"
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          "en" => "<p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The BET parameters of dumbbell-like structures &#40;0&#46;148<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>g NH<span class="elsevierStyleInf">4</span>F&#41; compared with rod clusters &#40;NH<span class="elsevierStyleInf">4</span>F-free&#41;&#46;</p>"
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                      "doi" => "10.1103/PhysRevLett.90.215901"
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                        "volumen" => "90"
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                            0 => "B&#46;N&#46; Nair"
                            1 => "R&#46;P&#46; Burwood"
                            2 => "V&#46;J&#46; Goh"
                            3 => "K&#46; Nakagawa"
                            4 => "T&#46; Yamaguchi"
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                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
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                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Prog&#46; Mater&#46; Sci&#46;"
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                        "volumen" => "54"
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                    ]
                  ]
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                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
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                        "paginaFinal" => "265"
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Article information

ISSN: 03663175
Original language: English

DOI:10.1016/j.bsecv.2019.09.004

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2024 November	2	0	2
2024 October	18	11	29
2024 September	25	14	39
2024 August	23	21	44
2024 July	18	6	24
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2024 April	41	9	50
2024 March	38	8	46
2024 February	18	4	22
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2023 December	21	11	32
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2023 August	15	4	19
2023 July	24	3	27
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2023 April	60	3	63
2023 March	48	4	52
2023 February	26	6	32
2023 January	14	5	19
2022 December	12	7	19
2022 November	15	5	20
2022 October	18	10	28
2022 September	17	13	30
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2022 April	12	13	25
2022 March	43	10	53
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2021 September	16	12	28
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2021 July	15	13	28
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2021 April	35	28	63
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2021 February	35	14	49
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2020 December	26	18	44
2020 November	22	9	31
2020 October	12	22	34
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2020 July	48	24	72
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2020 May	32	18	50
2020 April	42	28	70
2020 March	0	1	1
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2019 December	0	8	8

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