Effect of antimony content on electrical and structural properties of 0.98(K0.48Na0.52)0.95Li0.05Nb1−xSbxO3–0.02Ba0.5(Bi0.5Na0.5)0.5ZrO3 ceramics | Boletín de la Sociedad Española de Cerámica y Vidrio

array:22 ["pii" => "S0366317520300637" "issn" => "03663175" "doi" => "10.1016/j.bsecv.2020.06.001" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2021-07-01" "aid" => "229" "copyrightAnyo" => "2020" "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 1 "licencia" => "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/" "subdocumento" => "fla" "cita" => "Bol Soc Esp Ceram Vidr. 2021;60:266-72" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "itemAnterior" => array:19 [ "pii" => "S0366317520300479" "issn" => "03663175" "doi" => "10.1016/j.bsecv.2020.03.012" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2021-07-01" "aid" => "221" "copyright" => "SECV" "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 1 "licencia" => "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/" "subdocumento" => "fla" "cita" => "Bol Soc Esp Ceram Vidr. 2021;60:255-65" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "en" => array:13 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "Original" "titulo" => "Microstructure, hardness and flexural strength of Ni/Al2O3 FGMs by pressure-less sintering with different cooling rates" "tienePdf" => "en" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en" "tieneResumen" => array:2 [ 0 => "en" 1 => "es" ] "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "255" "paginaFinal" => "265" ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Microestructura, dureza y resistencia a la flexión de Ni/Al2O3 FGM por sinterización sin presión con diferentes velocidades de enfriamiento" ] ] "contieneResumen" => array:2 [ "en" => true "es" => true ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0030" "etiqueta" => "Fig. 6" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr6.jpeg" "Alto" => 2053 "Ancho" => 2508 "Tamanyo" => 452693 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Hardness of FGMs consolidated at different cooling rates: (a) 5°C/min; (b) 15°C/min; (c) 20°C/min; (d) 25°C/min." ] ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "K. Ananta Bhaskararao, G. Ranga Janardhana" "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "K. Ananta" "apellidos" => "Bhaskararao" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "G. Ranga" "apellidos" => "Janardhana" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0366317520300479?idApp=UINPBA00004N" "url" => "/03663175/0000006000000004/v1_202108030559/S0366317520300479/v1_202108030559/en/main.assets" ] "en" => array:20 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "Original" "titulo" => "Effect of antimony content on electrical and structural properties of 0.98(K0.48Na0.52)0.95Li0.05Nb1−xSbxO3–0.02Ba0.5(Bi0.5Na0.5)0.5ZrO3 ceramics" "tieneTextoCompleto" => true "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "266" "paginaFinal" => "272" ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "autoresLista" => "Brenda Carreño-Jiménez, María Elena Villafuerte-Castrejón, Armando Reyes-Montero, Rigoberto López-Juárez" "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => array:4 [ "nombre" => "Brenda" "apellidos" => "Carreño-Jiménez" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "bcarrenojimenez@gmail.com" ] "referencia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "*" "identificador" => "cor0005" ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "María Elena" "apellidos" => "Villafuerte-Castrejón" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "b" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Armando" "apellidos" => "Reyes-Montero" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "c" "identificador" => "aff0015" ] ] ] 3 => array:4 [ "nombre" => "Rigoberto" "apellidos" => "López-Juárez" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "rlopez@iim.unam.mx" ] "referencia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "*" "identificador" => "cor0005" ] ] ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:3 [ 0 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Unidad Morelia del Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Antigua Carretera a Pátzcuaro No. 8701, Col. Ex Hacienda de San José de la Huerta, C.P. 58190 Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico" "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, A.P. 70-360, C.P. 04510 CDMX, Mexico" "etiqueta" => "b" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] 2 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Instituto de Ciencias Aplicadas y Tecnología, UNAM, Circuito Exterior s/n CU, México, D.F. 04510, Mexico" "etiqueta" => "c" "identificador" => "aff0015" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor0005" "etiqueta" => "⁎" "correspondencia" => "Corresponding authors." ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Efecto del contenido de antimonio en las propiedades eléctricas y estructurales de materiales cerámicos 0.98(K0.48Na0.52)0.95Li0.05Nb1-xSbxO3-0.02Ba0.5(Bi0.5Na0.5)0.5ZrO3" ] ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0015" "etiqueta" => "Fig. 3" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr3.jpeg" "Alto" => 2347 "Ancho" => 1610 "Tamanyo" => 503256 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "(a) Ferroelectric loop of the KNLNSx–BBNZ ceramics; (b) Pr and Ec of the KNLNSx–BBNZ ceramics as a function of x." ] ] ] "textoCompleto" => "IntroductionK0.5Na0.5NbO3 (KNN) is one of the most promising lead-free solid solution in the realm of piezoelectric materials due its high Curie temperature (TC). The study of its structural and dielectric properties shows the phase transition temperature of the rhombohedral-orthorhombic at −160°C (TR-O), orthorhombic-tetragonal at 200°C (TO-T) and tetragonal-cubic at 420°C (TC), while values of the piezoelectric parameters (d33, d31 and kp) are 80–120pC/N, 30–40pC/N and 0.24–0.40, respectively <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0160">[1,2]</a>.However, the piezoelectric properties of KNN and related materials are not as good as the currently commercial compounds due to the evaporation of alkali metals, which make it difficult to obtain a pure phase and a high densification of materials. Then, it has been proposed to add different substituents to promote the stability over the alkali metals and increase the electrical characteristics <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0170">[3]</a>.One way to improve the properties of KNN-based ceramics has been to imitate the structural characteristics of Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 (PZT) <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0175">[4]</a>. That is, to shift the transition temperature of the ferroelectric phases (rhombohedral-orthorhombic and orthorhombic-tetragonal) toward room temperature. In order to achieve this shift in the phase transition, some substituents that have been proposed are Li1+<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0180">[5,6]</a>, Sb5+<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0190">[7,8]</a>, Ta5+<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0200">[9,10]</a>, BiNaTiO3<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0210">[11]</a>, BiFeO3<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0215">[12]</a>, BiLiZrO3<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0220">[13]</a>, BaCaTiZrO3<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0225">[14]</a>, BaZrO3<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0230">[15,16]</a> and BiNaZrO3<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0240">[17]</a>.Moreover, some studies with dopants like Ca0.5(Bi0.5Na0.5)0.5ZrO3<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0245">[18]</a>, Sr0.5(Bi0.5Na0.5)0.5ZrO3<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0250">[19]</a> or Ba0.5(Bi0.5Na0.5)0.5ZrO3<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0255">[20]</a>, show a shift over a rhombohedral-tetragonal phase coexistence at room temperature.Different reports show that antimony increases TR-O and decreases TO-T toward room temperature, causing an enhancing of the electrical properties <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0190">[7,21,22]</a>. However, it has been observed that the addition of antimony greater than 0.1mol-fraction causes segregation, which decreases the electrical properties. Therefore, in this work the study of the KNLNSx–BBNZ solid solution (where x=0.04, 0.05, 0.055, 0.06, 0.065, 0.07 and 0.08) is proposed, to complement our recently research <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0255">[20]</a> and to analyze the effect of antimony on structural, microstructural and electrical properties of the proposed materials.ExperimentalLead-free 0.98[(K0.48Na0.52)0.95Li0.05Nb1−xSbxO3]–0.02[Ba0.5(Bi0.5Na0.5)0.5ZrO3] (KNLNSx–BBNZ) (x=0.04, 0.05, 0.055, 0.06, 0.065, 0.07 and 0.08) ceramics were prepared by conventional solid-state method. The starting materials used were Na2CO3 (Merck, 99.9%), Li2CO3 (Sigma–Aldrich, 99.99%), K2CO3 (JT Baker, 99.8%), BaCO3 (Sigma–Aldrich, 99%), Nb2O5 (Sigma–Aldrich, 99.99%), ZrO2 (Sigma–Aldrich, 99%), Bi2O3 (Sigma–Aldrich, 99.9%) and Sb2O5 (Sigma–Aldrich, 99.99%). After weighing, the reagents were mixed with acetone in an agate mortar for 30min and dried. Then, the mixture was calcined at 850°C for 3h in air. Later, calcined powders were ball milled for 12h. After that, the calcined powders were uniaxially pressed at 260MPa into disks (13mm diameter and 2mm thickness) and sintered at 1120°C for 4h. Before measuring electrical properties, both major surfaces were coated with silver paste of the sintered disks and fired at 600°C for 30min. Afterwards, the disks were poled at room temperature for 30min under a 4kV/mm dc electric field.The structural analysis of the ceramics was performed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) using a Bruker D2 Phaser diffractometer (CuK_α, λ=1.5406Å). The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) (JEOL-J7600F) was used to characterize the microstructure. An impedance analyzer (Agilent 4294A) was used to measure temperature dependence of the relative dielectric permittivity. The ferroelectric RT66B workstation was used to acquire the hysteresis loops of the ceramics. The electromechanical coupling factor (kp) and radial piezoelectric constant (d31) were determined by an iterative method <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0270">[23]</a>, while the d33 was measured by Piezo Meter System (Piezotest, Inc.).Results and discussion<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig. 1</a>(a) shows the X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of KNLNSx–BBNZ ceramics measured at 2θ=20–80°. A pure perovskite phase was observed in ceramics with 0.055<x<0.08 without any other phases, indicating the formation of a solid solution. In compositions with x=0.04, 0.05 and 0.055 a secondary phase was identified which corresponds to K3Li2Nb5O15, as shows in other reports <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0275">[24]</a>, <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0280">[25]</a>. In order to clarify the phase evolution under different Sb5+ contents, the XRD were amplified in the 44–47° 2θ range and are shown in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig. 1</a>(b). It is clearly seen a progressive change in the relative intensity. First, a splitting of (022)/(200) peaks with different intensities are observed for x≤0.055, characteristic of orthorhombic phase; which change to (002)/(200) reflections with same intensities, characteristics of tetragonal-orthorhombic phase coexistence. Particularly, the intensity of (002) decreases while the (200) increases as x increases. The samples with x = 0.04, 0.05 and 0.055 shows an orthorhombic phase (O), (Amm2) <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0245">[18,26]</a>. For the 0.06≤x≤0.08 compositions the phase structure changes to an orthorhombic-tetragonal phase coexistence (O-T), (Amm2-P4mm), as the amount of Sb5+ increases <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0290">[27]</a>.<elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia>Our current research compared with other similar solid solutions and with our latest KNN-based study, shows that varying antimony content promotes different phase coexistence at room temperature, of rhombohedral-tetragonal to orthorhombic-tetragonal <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0245">[18]</a>. In addition, the structural characteristics are dependent on sintering temperature <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0190">[7]</a>, since the sintered samples with x=0.05 at 1135°C for 4h show a rhombohedral–tetragonal polymorphic phase transition (PPT) at room temperature <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0255">[20]</a>, while <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig. 1</a>(b) shows that sample sintered at 1120°C show a single orthorhombic phase.Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was performed to study the microstructural evolution according to the Sb5+ incorporation on KNLNSx–BBNZ ceramics. The grains have a cubic-like shape in all compositions, which is characteristic of the KNN-based ceramics (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig. 2</a>a–d), and the samples exhibit irregularly arranged large and small grains.<elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia>The average grain size was determined from the size distribution showed as an insert in SEM images that was measured using ImageJ with a linear method. Likewise, all samples exhibited a dense surface morphology, an important characteristic for enhancing the electrical properties of these materials.The hysteresis loops measured at room temperature for KNLNSx–BBNZ ceramics are presented in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0015">Fig. 3</a>(a). All ceramics have hysteresis loops, characteristic of ferroelectric ceramics and are dependent on Sb5+ content. The remnant polarization (Pr) and the coercive field (EC), as a function of Sb5+ content, are shown in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0015">Fig. 3</a>(b). With the increment of Sb5+, Pr and EC increase and then dramatically drop at x>0.07. The sample with x=0.07 present the higher value in the remnant polarization, Pr=13.20μC/cm2.<elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0015"></elsevierMultimedia>The enhancement of ferroelectric properties at x=0.07 should be the result of O-T phase coexistence, due that in the tetragonal phase there are 6 possible directions for polarization orientation, while there are 12 in the orthorhombic structure. Then, at phase coexistence, there exist 18 possibilities for polarization orientation.The effect of Sb5+ content on the TC values of KNLNSx–BBNZ ceramics was also examined. Their relative dielectric permittivity (ɛr) versus temperature are shown in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0020">Fig. 4</a>(a). The relative dielectric permittivity was measured from room temperature up to 500°C (measured at 1kHz), in order to include the TC. The curves show a smooth peak close to room temperature, which can be assigned to the orthorhombic-tetragonal phase transition temperature (TO-T) <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0195">[8]</a>, <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0295">[28]</a>. The other peak is the TC, where tetragonal-cubic phase transition occurs. TC gradually decreases as the Sb5+ content increases beside the TO-T phase transition shifts to lower temperatures <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0190">[7]</a>, <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0265">[22]</a>. <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0020">Fig. 4</a>(b) shows the ɛr at room temperature, and TC values of the KNLNSx–BBNZ ceramics, where the behavior of ɛr on TC is depicted more clearly, and follow the tendency described before. <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0020">Fig. 4</a>(c) shows the relative dielectric permittivity (ɛr) and dielectric loss (tanδ) at 1kHz of the composition at x=0.07. The inset shows a zoom between 27°C and 75°C, where is observed the smooth peak mentioned in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0020">Fig. 4</a>(a).<elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0020"></elsevierMultimedia><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0025">Fig. 5</a> (a) plots the d33 and kp of KNLNSx–BBNZ ceramics. Both parameters have a similar behavior, first an increase is shown and then drops at x>0.07. The ceramics with x=0.065 and 0.07 have the maximum piezoelectric values: d33=270pC/N and 283pC/N, respectively. The improvement of piezoelectric properties for these compositions can be ascribed to the phase coexistence mentioned above, due to the increment in polarization directions as well as higher permittivity. The summary of piezoelectric properties is shown in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>. The thermal stability of d33 is very important for the practical application, hence the stability of d33 in the ceramics with x=0.065 and 0.07 was studied. These samples were exposed to heat treatment from room temperature to 300°C for 1h, cooled and the d33 measured. <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0025">Fig. 5</a>(b) shows a constant decline with the increase in temperature and then drops sharply when it approaches Curie temperature, both compounds have an abrupt loss of their piezoelectric properties after 240°C, because they are close to paraelectric (cubic) phase and samples are losing their polarization.<elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0025"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia>For the sort of comparison, the piezoelectric properties for x=0.07 are shown in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a>, along with values reported in other investigations for similar compositions. The values of the piezoelectric parameters (d33 and kp) in this work are of the same order of magnitude as those for the ceramic's compositions quoted in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a> and area superior to most of them due to the phase coexistence.<elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia>ConclusionsKNLNSx–BBNZ lead-free piezoelectric ceramics were synthesized by conventional solid-state reaction method. These materials presented a cubic-like grain shape with crystal mean size close to 1μm. From the XRD results, it was found that most compositions have pure perovskite phase, and at x=0.07 it was found an orthorhombic-tetragonal phase coexistence. The Sb5+ content significantly affect phase structure and electrical properties. The O-T polymorphic phase transition enhanced the piezoelectric properties, i.e. d33, d31 and kp showed the highest values at x=0.07, with d33=282pC/N, d31=103pC/N, kp=46%, ɛr=1820, tanδ=3% and Tc=271°C. The excellent piezoelectric properties indicate that this composition might be a promising lead-free material for sensor and actuator application.FundingR. López-Juárez and M.E. Villafuerte-Castrejón gratefully acknowledge PAPIIT-UNAM for financial support under projects (IN113420) and (IN109018), respectively.Conflict of interestThe authors reported no potential conflict of interest." "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [ "secciones" => array:12 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "xres1556240" "titulo" => "Abstract" "secciones" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "identificador" => "abst0005" ] ] ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1404517" "titulo" => "Keywords" ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "xres1556241" "titulo" => "Resumen" "secciones" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "identificador" => "abst0010" ] ] ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1404516" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" ] 4 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0005" "titulo" => "Introduction" ] 5 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0010" "titulo" => "Experimental" ] 6 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0015" "titulo" => "Results and discussion" ] 7 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0020" "titulo" => "Conclusions" ] 8 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0025" "titulo" => "Funding" ] 9 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0030" "titulo" => "Conflict of interest" ] 10 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xack548454" "titulo" => "Acknowledgements" ] 11 => array:1 [ "titulo" => "References" ] ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "fechaRecibido" => "2020-03-04" "fechaAceptado" => "2020-06-01" "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [ "en" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Keywords" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1404517" "palabras" => array:4 [ 0 => "KNN-based ceramics" 1 => "Phase coexistence" 2 => "Piezoelectric properties" 3 => "Dielectric constant" ] ] ] "es" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1404516" "palabras" => array:4 [ 0 => "Materiales cerámicos con base en KNN" 1 => "Coexistencia de fases" 2 => "Propiedades piezoeléctricas" 3 => "Constante dieléctrica" ] ] ] ] "tieneResumen" => true "resumen" => array:2 [ "en" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Abstract" "resumen" => "Lead-free 0.98(K0.48Na0.52)0.95Li0.05Nb1−xSbxO3–0.02Ba0.5(Bi0.5Na0.5)0.5ZrO3 (KNLNSx–BBNZ) solid solution with 0.04<x<0.08 was prepared by traditional solid-state process. Samples were sintered using a conventional method at 1120°C for 4h. The effect of Sb5+ content on the phase structure, microstructure, ferroelectric, dielectric and piezoelectric properties of the KNLNSx–BBNZ ceramics was studied. The phase transition of the ceramic was determined by the temperature dependence of the dielectric properties, while the structural properties, like the phase coexistence, were studied by X-ray diffraction. It was found that ceramics in the composition range of 0.06<x<0.08 possess an orthorhombic (Amm2) and tetragonal (P4mm) phases coexistence. The best piezoelectric properties were obtained in the ceramics with x=0.07: d33=282pC/N, −d31=103pC/N, kp=46%, ɛr=1820, tanδ=3% and Tc=271°C. Furthermore, this composition exhibited a good thermal stability, up to 200°C on d33 piezoelectric constant, indicating that this material have great potential for application from room temperature until this temperature limit." ] "es" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Resumen" "resumen" => "La solución sólida libre de plomo 0.98(K0.48Na0.52)0.95Li0.05Nb1-xSbxO3-0.02Ba0.5(Bi0.5Na0.5)0.5ZrO3 (KNLNSx-BBNZ) con 0.04<x<0.08 fue sintetizada por el método tradicional de estado sólido. Las muestras se sinterizaron a 1120°C durante 4 horas. Se estudió el efecto del contenido de Sb5+ en las propiedades estructurales, microestructurales, ferroeléctricas, dieléctricas y piezoeléctricas de las cerámicas KNLNSx-BBNZ. La transición de fase de los materiales cerámicos se determinó mediante la dependencia de las propiedades dieléctricas con respecto a la temperatura, mientras que las propiedades estructurales, como la coexistencia de fase, se estudiaron mediante difracción de rayos X. Se encontró que los materiales cerámicos con composición entre 0.06<x<0.08 muestran una coexistencia de fases ortorrómbica (Amm2) y tetragonal (P4mm) (O-T). Las cerámicas con la composición x=0.07 presentaron las mejores propiedades: d33=282pC/N, −d31=103pC/N, kp=46%, ɛr=1820, tanδ =3% y Tc=271°C. Además, se observó una buena estabilidad térmica de la propiedad piezoeléctrica (d33), hasta 200°C, indicando un gran potencial en aplicaciones hasta este límite de temperatura." ] ] "multimedia" => array:7 [ 0 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Fig. 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 1088 "Ancho" => 1510 "Tamanyo" => 241025 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "XRD patterns of KNLNSx–BBNZ ceramics measured at (a) 2θ=20°–80°; (b) zoom in the 44–47° 2θ range." ] ] 1 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0010" "etiqueta" => "Fig. 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg" "Alto" => 1886 "Ancho" => 2508 "Tamanyo" => 559305 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "SEM micrographs of KNLNSx–BBNZ sintered ceramic with x=(a) 0.05, (b) 0.06, (c) 0.07 and (d) 0.08." ] ] 2 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0015" "etiqueta" => "Fig. 3" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr3.jpeg" "Alto" => 2347 "Ancho" => 1610 "Tamanyo" => 503256 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "(a) Ferroelectric loop of the KNLNSx–BBNZ ceramics; (b) Pr and Ec of the KNLNSx–BBNZ ceramics as a function of x." ] ] 3 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0020" "etiqueta" => "Fig. 4" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr4.jpeg" "Alto" => 2298 "Ancho" => 3010 "Tamanyo" => 582555 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "(a) Temperature dependence of the relative dielectric permittivity of KNLNSx–BBNZ ceramics; (b) ɛr and TC of KNLNSx–BBNZ ceramics as a function of x; (c) temperature dependence of ɛr and tanδ of KNLNSx–BBNZ with x=0.07." ] ] 4 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0025" "etiqueta" => "Fig. 5" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr5.jpeg" "Alto" => 1047 "Ancho" => 2610 "Tamanyo" => 325684 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "(a) d33 and kp of KNLNSx–BBNZ ceramics as a function of x; (b) d33 vs temperature of the ceramics KNLNSx–BBNZ with x=0.065 and 0.07." ] ] 5 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0005" "etiqueta" => "Table 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at1" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:1 [ "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">x (mol) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">d33 (pC/N) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">−d31 (pC/N) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">kp (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">g33 (×10−2vm/N) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">S11E (10−2m2/N) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">S12E (10−2m2/N) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">S66E (10−2m2/N) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">ɛ33 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Tδ \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.040 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">243 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">88.6±4.4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">44.0±0.8 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">42 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">10.6±0.2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">−3.8±0.1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">28.9±0.6 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1348±56 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.04 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.050 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">245 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">90.5±3.3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">44.2±0.5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">41 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">11.3±0.2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">−4.3±0.1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">31.2±0.5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1351±47 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.04 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.055 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">244 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">90.2±3.9 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">43.1±0.7 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">43 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">10.9±0.2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">−4.1±0.1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">30.0±0.5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1464±57 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.04 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.060 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">245 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">92.1±4.0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">43.5±0.7 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">48 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">10.7±0.2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">−4.0±0.1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">29.5±0.5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1505±57 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.03 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.065 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">270 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">89.3±4.2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">40.7±0.2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">50 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">11.0±0.2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">−4.2±0.1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">30.3±0.6 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1594±63 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.03 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.070 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">283 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">102.6±5.0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">45.9±0.8 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">51 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">10.6±0.2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">−3.9±0.1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">29.0±0.6 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1692±74 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.03 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.080 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">225 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">79.2±4.5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">35.4±0.7 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">48 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">10.1±0.2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">−3.8±0.1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">27.9±0.5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1788±96 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.03 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab2667624.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Piezoelectric properties of KNLNSx–BBNZ ceramics." ] ] 6 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0010" "etiqueta" => "Table 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at2" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:1 [ "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Composition \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">d33 (pC/N) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">kp (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">TC (°C) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Phase coexistence \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Ref. \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">K0.48Na0.52Nb0.93Sb0.07O3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">∼225 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">42 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">R-O \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0195">[8]</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">K0.47Na0.47Li0.06Nb0.92Sb0.08O3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">230 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">37 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">397 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">O-T \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0300">[29]</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">K0.4Na0.53Li0.07Nb0.91Sb0.09O3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">∼290 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">∼48 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">∼310 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">O-T \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0265">[22]</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">(K0.48Na0.535)0.942Li0.058Nb0.94Sb0.06O3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">298 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">34.5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">∼300 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">O-T \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0305">[30]</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.95K0.48Na0.52Nb0.97Sb0.03O3–0.05Ca0.2(Bi0.5Na0.5)0.8ZrO3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">470 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">52.4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">243 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">R-T \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0310">[31]</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.97(K0.48Na0.52)0.95Li0.05Nb0.94Sb0.06O3–0.03Ca0.5(Bi0.5Na0.5)0.5ZrO3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">267 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">45.2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">253 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">R-T \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0245">[18]</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.98(K0.48Na0.52)0.95Li0.05Nb0.93Sb0.07O3–0.02Ba0.5(Bi0.5Na0.5)0.5ZrO3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">282 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">46 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">∼271 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">O-T \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">This work \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab2667623.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Electrical properties and phase coexistence at room temperature of KNN-based ceramics." ] ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "References" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0015" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:31 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0160" "etiqueta" => "[1]" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Lead-free piezoceramics" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "Y. 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The authors acknowledge to Omar Novelo (IIM-UNAM) for SEM images and Neftalí Razo (ENES-Morelia) for the technical assistance. A. Reyes-Montero acknowledges CTIC-UNAM for providing a post-doctoral scholarship." "vista" => "all" ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "url" => "/03663175/0000006000000004/v1_202108030559/S0366317520300637/v1_202108030559/en/main.assets" "Apartado" => null "PDF" => "https://static.elsevier.es/multimedia/03663175/0000006000000004/v1_202108030559/S0366317520300637/v1_202108030559/en/main.pdf?idApp=UINPBA00004N&text.app=https://www.elsevier.es/" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0366317520300637?idApp=UINPBA00004N"]

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Original

Effect of antimony content on electrical and structural properties of 0.98(K0.48Na0.52)0.95Li0.05Nb1−xSbxO3–0.02Ba0.5(Bi0.5Na0.5)0.5ZrO3 ceramics

Efecto del contenido de antimonio en las propiedades eléctricas y estructurales de materiales cerámicos 0.98(K0.48Na0.52)0.95Li0.05Nb1-xSbxO3-0.02Ba0.5(Bi0.5Na0.5)0.5ZrO3

Brenda Carreño-Jiméneza,

Corresponding author

bcarrenojimenez@gmail.com

Corresponding authors.

, María Elena Villafuerte-Castrejónb, Armando Reyes-Monteroc, Rigoberto López-Juáreza,

Corresponding author

rlopez@iim.unam.mx

Corresponding authors.

a Unidad Morelia del Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Antigua Carretera a Pátzcuaro No. 8701, Col. Ex Hacienda de San José de la Huerta, C.P. 58190 Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico

b Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, A.P. 70-360, C.P. 04510 CDMX, Mexico

c Instituto de Ciencias Aplicadas y Tecnología, UNAM, Circuito Exterior s/n CU, México, D.F. 04510, Mexico

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          "en" => "<p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">&#40;a&#41; Ferroelectric loop of the KNLNS<span class="elsevierStyleItalic"><span class="elsevierStyleInf">x</span></span>&#8211;BBNZ ceramics&#59; &#40;b&#41; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P<span class="elsevierStyleInf">r</span></span> and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">E<span class="elsevierStyleInf">c</span></span> of the KNLNS<span class="elsevierStyleItalic"><span class="elsevierStyleInf">x</span></span>&#8211;BBNZ ceramics as a function of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">x</span>&#46;</p>"
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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Introduction</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">K<span class="elsevierStyleInf">0&#46;5</span>Na<span class="elsevierStyleInf">0&#46;5</span>NbO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">3</span> &#40;KNN&#41; is one of the most promising lead-free solid solution in the realm of piezoelectric materials due its high Curie temperature &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">T</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">C</span></span>&#41;&#46; The study of its structural and dielectric properties shows the phase transition temperature of the rhombohedral-orthorhombic at &#8722;160<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#176;C &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">T</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">R-O</span></span>&#41;&#44; orthorhombic-tetragonal at 200<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#176;C &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">T</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">O-T</span></span>&#41; and tetragonal-cubic at 420<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#176;C &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">T</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">C</span></span>&#41;&#44; while values of the piezoelectric parameters &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">d</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">33</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">d</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">31</span> and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">k</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span></span>&#41; are 80&#8211;120<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>pC&#47;N&#44; 30&#8211;40<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>pC&#47;N and 0&#46;24&#8211;0&#46;40&#44; respectively <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0160">&#91;1&#44;2&#93;</a>&#46;</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">However&#44; the piezoelectric properties of KNN and related materials are not as good as the currently commercial compounds due to the evaporation of alkali metals&#44; which make it difficult to obtain a pure phase and a high densification of materials&#46; Then&#44; it has been proposed to add different substituents to promote the stability over the alkali metals and increase the electrical characteristics <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0170">&#91;3&#93;</a>&#46;</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">One way to improve the properties of KNN-based ceramics has been to imitate the structural characteristics of Pb&#40;Zr&#44;Ti&#41;O<span class="elsevierStyleInf">3</span> &#40;PZT&#41; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0175">&#91;4&#93;</a>&#46; That is&#44; to shift the transition temperature of the ferroelectric phases &#40;rhombohedral-orthorhombic and orthorhombic-tetragonal&#41; toward room temperature&#46; In order to achieve this shift in the phase transition&#44; some substituents that have been proposed are Li<span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#43;</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0180">&#91;5&#44;6&#93;</a>&#44; Sb<span class="elsevierStyleSup">5&#43;</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0190">&#91;7&#44;8&#93;</a>&#44; Ta<span class="elsevierStyleSup">5&#43;</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0200">&#91;9&#44;10&#93;</a>&#44; BiNaTiO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">3</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0210">&#91;11&#93;</a>&#44; BiFeO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">3</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0215">&#91;12&#93;</a>&#44; BiLiZrO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">3</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0220">&#91;13&#93;</a>&#44; BaCaTiZrO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">3</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0225">&#91;14&#93;</a>&#44; BaZrO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">3</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0230">&#91;15&#44;16&#93;</a> and BiNaZrO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">3</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0240">&#91;17&#93;</a>&#46;</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Moreover&#44; some studies with dopants like Ca<span class="elsevierStyleInf">0&#46;5</span>&#40;Bi<span class="elsevierStyleInf">0&#46;5</span>Na<span class="elsevierStyleInf">0&#46;5</span>&#41;<span class="elsevierStyleInf">0&#46;5</span>ZrO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">3</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0245">&#91;18&#93;</a>&#44; Sr<span class="elsevierStyleInf">0&#46;5</span>&#40;Bi<span class="elsevierStyleInf">0&#46;5</span>Na<span class="elsevierStyleInf">0&#46;5</span>&#41;<span class="elsevierStyleInf">0&#46;5</span>ZrO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">3</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0250">&#91;19&#93;</a> or Ba<span class="elsevierStyleInf">0&#46;5</span>&#40;Bi<span class="elsevierStyleInf">0&#46;5</span>Na<span class="elsevierStyleInf">0&#46;5</span>&#41;<span class="elsevierStyleInf">0&#46;5</span>ZrO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">3</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0255">&#91;20&#93;</a>&#44; show a shift over a rhombohedral-tetragonal phase coexistence at room temperature&#46;</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Different reports show that antimony increases <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">T</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">R-O</span></span> and decreases <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">T</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">O-T</span></span> toward room temperature&#44; causing an enhancing of the electrical properties <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0190">&#91;7&#44;21&#44;22&#93;</a>&#46; However&#44; it has been observed that the addition of antimony greater than 0&#46;1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mol-fraction causes segregation&#44; which decreases the electrical properties&#46; Therefore&#44; in this work the study of the KNLNS<span class="elsevierStyleInf"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">x</span></span>&#8211;BBNZ solid solution &#40;where <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">x</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;04&#44; 0&#46;05&#44; 0&#46;055&#44; 0&#46;06&#44; 0&#46;065&#44; 0&#46;07 and 0&#46;08&#41; is proposed&#44; to complement our recently research <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0255">&#91;20&#93;</a> and to analyze the effect of antimony on structural&#44; microstructural and electrical properties of the proposed materials&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0030">Experimental</span><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Lead-free 0&#46;98&#91;&#40;K<span class="elsevierStyleInf">0&#46;48</span>Na<span class="elsevierStyleInf">0&#46;52</span>&#41;<span class="elsevierStyleInf">0&#46;95</span>Li<span class="elsevierStyleInf">0&#46;05</span>Nb<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1&#8722;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">x</span></span>Sb<span class="elsevierStyleInf"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">x</span></span>O<span class="elsevierStyleInf">3</span>&#93;&#8211;0&#46;02&#91;Ba<span class="elsevierStyleInf">0&#46;5</span>&#40;Bi<span class="elsevierStyleInf">0&#46;5</span>Na<span class="elsevierStyleInf">0&#46;5</span>&#41;<span class="elsevierStyleInf">0&#46;5</span>ZrO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">3</span>&#93; &#40;KNLNS<span class="elsevierStyleInf"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">x</span></span>&#8211;BBNZ&#41; &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">x</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;04&#44; 0&#46;05&#44; 0&#46;055&#44; 0&#46;06&#44; 0&#46;065&#44; 0&#46;07 and 0&#46;08&#41; ceramics were prepared by conventional solid-state method&#46; The starting materials used were Na<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>CO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">3</span> &#40;Merck&#44; 99&#46;9&#37;&#41;&#44; Li<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>CO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">3</span> &#40;Sigma&#8211;Aldrich&#44; 99&#46;99&#37;&#41;&#44; K<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>CO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">3</span> &#40;JT Baker&#44; 99&#46;8&#37;&#41;&#44; BaCO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">3</span> &#40;Sigma&#8211;Aldrich&#44; 99&#37;&#41;&#44; Nb<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>O<span class="elsevierStyleInf">5</span> &#40;Sigma&#8211;Aldrich&#44; 99&#46;99&#37;&#41;&#44; ZrO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> &#40;Sigma&#8211;Aldrich&#44; 99&#37;&#41;&#44; Bi<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>O<span class="elsevierStyleInf">3</span> &#40;Sigma&#8211;Aldrich&#44; 99&#46;9&#37;&#41; and Sb<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>O<span class="elsevierStyleInf">5</span> &#40;Sigma&#8211;Aldrich&#44; 99&#46;99&#37;&#41;&#46; After weighing&#44; the reagents were mixed with acetone in an agate mortar for 30<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>min and dried&#46; Then&#44; the mixture was calcined at 850<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#176;C for 3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h in air&#46; Later&#44; calcined powders were ball milled for 12<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h&#46; After that&#44; the calcined powders were uniaxially pressed at 260<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>MPa into disks &#40;13<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm diameter and 2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm thickness&#41; and sintered at 1120<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#176;C for 4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h&#46; Before measuring electrical properties&#44; both major surfaces were coated with silver paste of the sintered disks and fired at 600<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#176;C for 30<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>min&#46; Afterwards&#44; the disks were poled at room temperature for 30<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>min under a 4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>kV&#47;mm dc electric field&#46;</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The structural analysis of the ceramics was performed by X-ray diffraction &#40;XRD&#41; using a Bruker D2 Phaser diffractometer &#40;CuK&#95;&#945;&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#955;</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#46;5406<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8491;&#41;&#46; The scanning electron microscopy &#40;SEM&#41; &#40;JEOL-J7600F&#41; was used to characterize the microstructure&#46; An impedance analyzer &#40;Agilent 4294A&#41; was used to measure temperature dependence of the relative dielectric permittivity&#46; The ferroelectric RT66B workstation was used to acquire the hysteresis loops of the ceramics&#46; The electromechanical coupling factor &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">k</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span></span>&#41; and radial piezoelectric constant &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">d</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">31</span>&#41; were determined by an iterative method <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0270">&#91;23&#93;</a>&#44; while the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">d</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">33</span> was measured by Piezo Meter System &#40;Piezotest&#44; Inc&#46;&#41;&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Results and discussion</span><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>&#40;a&#41; shows the X-ray diffraction &#40;XRD&#41; patterns of KNLNS<span class="elsevierStyleInf"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">x</span></span>&#8211;BBNZ ceramics measured at <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">2&#952;</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>20&#8211;80&#176;&#46; A pure perovskite phase was observed in ceramics with 0&#46;055<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">x</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;08 without any other phases&#44; indicating the formation of a solid solution&#46; In compositions with <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">x</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;04&#44; 0&#46;05 and 0&#46;055 a secondary phase was identified which corresponds to K<span class="elsevierStyleInf">3</span>Li<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>Nb<span class="elsevierStyleInf">5</span>O<span class="elsevierStyleInf">15</span>&#44; as shows in other reports <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0275">&#91;24&#93;</a>&#44; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0280">&#91;25&#93;</a>&#46; In order to clarify the phase evolution under different Sb<span class="elsevierStyleSup">5&#43;</span> contents&#44; the XRD were amplified in the 44&#8211;47&#176; 2<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#952;</span> range and are shown in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>&#40;b&#41;&#46; It is clearly seen a progressive change in the relative intensity&#46; First&#44; a splitting of &#40;022&#41;&#47;&#40;200&#41; peaks with different intensities are observed for <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">x</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8804;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;055&#44; characteristic of orthorhombic phase&#59; which change to &#40;002&#41;&#47;&#40;200&#41; reflections with same intensities&#44; characteristics of tetragonal-orthorhombic phase coexistence&#46; Particularly&#44; the intensity of &#40;002&#41; decreases while the &#40;200&#41; increases as <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">x</span> increases&#46; The samples with <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">x</span> &#61; 0&#46;04&#44; 0&#46;05 and 0&#46;055 shows an orthorhombic phase &#40;O&#41;&#44; &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Amm2</span>&#41; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0245">&#91;18&#44;26&#93;</a>&#46; For the 0&#46;06<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8804;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">x</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8804;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;08 compositions the phase structure changes to an orthorhombic-tetragonal phase coexistence &#40;O-T&#41;&#44; &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Amm2-P4mm</span>&#41;&#44; as the amount of Sb<span class="elsevierStyleSup">5&#43;</span> increases <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0290">&#91;27&#93;</a>&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Our current research compared with other similar solid solutions and with our latest KNN-based study&#44; shows that varying antimony content promotes different phase coexistence at room temperature&#44; of rhombohedral-tetragonal to orthorhombic-tetragonal <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0245">&#91;18&#93;</a>&#46; In addition&#44; the structural characteristics are dependent on sintering temperature <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0190">&#91;7&#93;</a>&#44; since the sintered samples with <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">x</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;05 at 1135<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#176;C for 4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h show a rhombohedral&#8211;tetragonal polymorphic phase transition &#40;PPT&#41; at room temperature <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0255">&#91;20&#93;</a>&#44; while <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>&#40;b&#41; shows that sample sintered at 1120<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#176;C show a single orthorhombic phase&#46;</p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Scanning electron microscopy &#40;SEM&#41; was performed to study the microstructural evolution according to the Sb<span class="elsevierStyleSup">5&#43;</span> incorporation on KNLNS<span class="elsevierStyleInf"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">x</span></span>&#8211;BBNZ ceramics&#46; The grains have a cubic-like shape in all compositions&#44; which is characteristic of the KNN-based ceramics &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig&#46; 2</a>a&#8211;d&#41;&#44; and the samples exhibit irregularly arranged large and small grains&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The average grain size was determined from the size distribution showed as an insert in SEM images that was measured using ImageJ with a linear method&#46; Likewise&#44; all samples exhibited a dense surface morphology&#44; an important characteristic for enhancing the electrical properties of these materials&#46;</p><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The hysteresis loops measured at room temperature for KNLNS<span class="elsevierStyleInf"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">x</span></span>&#8211;BBNZ ceramics are presented in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0015">Fig&#46; 3</a>&#40;a&#41;&#46; All ceramics have hysteresis loops&#44; characteristic of ferroelectric ceramics and are dependent on Sb<span class="elsevierStyleSup">5&#43;</span> content&#46; The remnant polarization &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">r</span></span>&#41; and the coercive field &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">E</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">C</span></span>&#41;&#44; as a function of Sb<span class="elsevierStyleSup">5&#43;</span> content&#44; are shown in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0015">Fig&#46; 3</a>&#40;b&#41;&#46; With the increment of Sb<span class="elsevierStyleSup">5&#43;</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">r</span></span> and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">E</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">C</span></span> increase and then dramatically drop at <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">x</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;07&#46; The sample with <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">x</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;07 present the higher value in the remnant polarization&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">r</span></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>13&#46;20<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#956;C&#47;cm<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0015"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The enhancement of ferroelectric properties at <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">x</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;07 should be the result of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">O-T</span> phase coexistence&#44; due that in the tetragonal phase there are 6 possible directions for polarization orientation&#44; while there are 12 in the orthorhombic structure&#46; Then&#44; at phase coexistence&#44; there exist 18 possibilities for polarization orientation&#46;</p><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The effect of Sb<span class="elsevierStyleSup">5&#43;</span> content on the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">T</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">C</span></span> values of KNLNS<span class="elsevierStyleInf"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">x</span></span>&#8211;BBNZ ceramics was also examined&#46; Their relative dielectric permittivity &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#603;</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">r</span></span>&#41; versus temperature are shown in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0020">Fig&#46; 4</a>&#40;a&#41;&#46; The relative dielectric permittivity was measured from room temperature up to 500<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#176;C &#40;measured at 1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>kHz&#41;&#44; in order to include the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">T</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">C</span></span>&#46; The curves show a smooth peak close to room temperature&#44; which can be assigned to the orthorhombic-tetragonal phase transition temperature &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">T</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">O-T</span></span>&#41; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0195">&#91;8&#93;</a>&#44; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0295">&#91;28&#93;</a>&#46; The other peak is the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">T</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">C</span></span>&#44; where tetragonal-cubic phase transition occurs&#46; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">T</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">C</span></span> gradually decreases as the Sb<span class="elsevierStyleSup">5&#43;</span> content increases beside the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">T</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">O-T</span></span> phase transition shifts to lower temperatures <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0190">&#91;7&#93;</a>&#44; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0265">&#91;22&#93;</a>&#46; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0020">Fig&#46; 4</a>&#40;b&#41; shows the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#603;</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">r</span></span> at room temperature&#44; and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">T</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">C</span></span> values of the KNLNS<span class="elsevierStyleInf"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">x</span></span>&#8211;BBNZ ceramics&#44; where the behavior of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#603;</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">r</span></span> on <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">T</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">C</span></span> is depicted more clearly&#44; and follow the tendency described before&#46; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0020">Fig&#46; 4</a>&#40;c&#41; shows the relative dielectric permittivity &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#603;</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">r</span></span>&#41; and dielectric loss &#40;tan<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#948;</span>&#41; at 1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>kHz of the composition at <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">x</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;07&#46; The inset shows a zoom between 27<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#176;C and 75<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#176;C&#44; where is observed the smooth peak mentioned in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0020">Fig&#46; 4</a>&#40;a&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0020"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0025">Fig&#46; 5</a> &#40;a&#41; plots the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">d</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">33</span> and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">k</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span></span> of KNLNS<span class="elsevierStyleInf"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">x</span></span>&#8211;BBNZ ceramics&#46; Both parameters have a similar behavior&#44; first an increase is shown and then drops at <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">x</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;07&#46; The ceramics with <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">x</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;065 and 0&#46;07 have the maximum piezoelectric values&#58; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">d</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">33</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>270<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>pC&#47;N and 283<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>pC&#47;N&#44; respectively&#46; The improvement of piezoelectric properties for these compositions can be ascribed to the phase coexistence mentioned above&#44; due to the increment in polarization directions as well as higher permittivity&#46; The summary of piezoelectric properties is shown in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>&#46; The thermal stability of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">d</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">33</span> is very important for the practical application&#44; hence the stability of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">d</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">33</span> in the ceramics with <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">x</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;065 and 0&#46;07 was studied&#46; These samples were exposed to heat treatment from room temperature to 300<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#176;C for 1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h&#44; cooled and the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">d</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">33</span> measured&#46; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0025">Fig&#46; 5</a>&#40;b&#41; shows a constant decline with the increase in temperature and then drops sharply when it approaches Curie temperature&#44; both compounds have an abrupt loss of their piezoelectric properties after 240<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#176;C&#44; because they are close to paraelectric &#40;cubic&#41; phase and samples are losing their polarization&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0025"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">For the sort of comparison&#44; the piezoelectric properties for <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">x</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;07 are shown in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a>&#44; along with values reported in other investigations for similar compositions&#46; The values of the piezoelectric parameters &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">d</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">33</span> and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">k</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span></span>&#41; in this work are of the same order of magnitude as those for the ceramic&#39;s compositions quoted in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a> and area superior to most of them due to the phase coexistence&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">Conclusions</span><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">KNLNS<span class="elsevierStyleInf"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">x</span></span>&#8211;BBNZ lead-free piezoelectric ceramics were synthesized by conventional solid-state reaction method&#46; These materials presented a cubic-like grain shape with crystal mean size close to 1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#956;m&#46; From the XRD results&#44; it was found that most compositions have pure perovskite phase&#44; and at <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">x</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;07 it was found an orthorhombic-tetragonal phase coexistence&#46; The Sb<span class="elsevierStyleSup">5&#43;</span> content significantly affect phase structure and electrical properties&#46; The <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">O-T</span> polymorphic phase transition enhanced the piezoelectric properties&#44; i&#46;e&#46; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">d</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">33</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">d</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">31</span> and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">k</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span></span> showed the highest values at <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">x</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;07&#44; with <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">d</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">33</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>282<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>pC&#47;N&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">d</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">31</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>103<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>pC&#47;N&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">k</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>46&#37;&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#603;</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">r</span></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1820&#44; tan<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#948;</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3&#37; and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">T</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">c</span></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>271<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#176;C&#46; The excellent piezoelectric properties indicate that this composition might be a promising lead-free material for sensor and actuator application&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Funding</span><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">R&#46; L&#243;pez-Ju&#225;rez and M&#46;E&#46; Villafuerte-Castrej&#243;n gratefully acknowledge <span class="elsevierStyleGrantSponsor" id="gs1">PAPIIT-UNAM</span> for financial support under projects &#40;IN113420&#41; and &#40;IN109018&#41;&#44; respectively&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Conflict of interest</span><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors reported no potential conflict of interest&#46;</p></span></span>"
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        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Lead-free 0&#46;98&#40;K<span class="elsevierStyleInf">0&#46;48</span>Na<span class="elsevierStyleInf">0&#46;52</span>&#41;<span class="elsevierStyleInf">0&#46;95</span>Li<span class="elsevierStyleInf">0&#46;05</span>Nb<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1&#8722;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">x</span></span>Sb<span class="elsevierStyleInf"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">x</span></span>O<span class="elsevierStyleInf">3</span>&#8211;0&#46;02Ba<span class="elsevierStyleInf">0&#46;5</span>&#40;Bi<span class="elsevierStyleInf">0&#46;5</span>Na<span class="elsevierStyleInf">0&#46;5</span>&#41;<span class="elsevierStyleInf">0&#46;5</span>ZrO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">3</span> &#40;KNLNS<span class="elsevierStyleInf"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">x</span></span>&#8211;BBNZ&#41; solid solution with 0&#46;04<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">x</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;08 was prepared by traditional solid-state process&#46; Samples were sintered using a conventional method at 1120<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#176;C for 4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h&#46; The effect of Sb<span class="elsevierStyleSup">5&#43;</span> content on the phase structure&#44; microstructure&#44; ferroelectric&#44; dielectric and piezoelectric properties of the KNLNS<span class="elsevierStyleInf"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">x</span></span>&#8211;BBNZ ceramics was studied&#46; The phase transition of the ceramic was determined by the temperature dependence of the dielectric properties&#44; while the structural properties&#44; like the phase coexistence&#44; were studied by X-ray diffraction&#46; It was found that ceramics in the composition range of 0&#46;06<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">x</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;08 possess an orthorhombic &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Amm2</span>&#41; and tetragonal &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P4mm</span>&#41; phases coexistence&#46; The best piezoelectric properties were obtained in the ceramics with <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">x</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;07&#58; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">d</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">33</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>282<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>pC&#47;N&#44; &#8722;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">d</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">31</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>103<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>pC&#47;N&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">k</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>46&#37;&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#603;</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">r</span></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1820&#44; tan<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#948;</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3&#37; and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">T</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">c</span></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>271<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#176;C&#46; Furthermore&#44; this composition exhibited a good thermal stability&#44; up to 200<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#176;C on <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">d</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">33</span> piezoelectric constant&#44; indicating that this material have great potential for application from room temperature until this temperature limit&#46;</p></span>"
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        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">La soluci&#243;n s&#243;lida libre de plomo 0&#46;98&#40;K<span class="elsevierStyleInf">0&#46;48</span>Na<span class="elsevierStyleInf">0&#46;52</span>&#41;<span class="elsevierStyleInf">0&#46;95</span>Li<span class="elsevierStyleInf">0&#46;05</span>Nb<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1-x</span>Sb<span class="elsevierStyleInf">x</span>O<span class="elsevierStyleInf">3</span>-0&#46;02Ba<span class="elsevierStyleInf">0&#46;5</span>&#40;Bi<span class="elsevierStyleInf">0&#46;5</span>Na<span class="elsevierStyleInf">0&#46;5</span>&#41;<span class="elsevierStyleInf">0&#46;5</span>ZrO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">3</span> &#40;KNLNS<span class="elsevierStyleInf">x</span>-BBNZ&#41; con 0&#46;04<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">x</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;08 fue sintetizada por el m&#233;todo tradicional de estado s&#243;lido&#46; Las muestras se sinterizaron a 1120<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#176;C durante 4 horas&#46; Se estudi&#243; el efecto del contenido de Sb<span class="elsevierStyleSup">5&#43;</span> en las propiedades estructurales&#44; microestructurales&#44; ferroel&#233;ctricas&#44; diel&#233;ctricas y piezoel&#233;ctricas de las cer&#225;micas KNLNS<span class="elsevierStyleInf">x</span>-BBNZ&#46; La transici&#243;n de fase de los materiales cer&#225;micos se determin&#243; mediante la dependencia de las propiedades diel&#233;ctricas con respecto a la temperatura&#44; mientras que las propiedades estructurales&#44; como la coexistencia de fase&#44; se estudiaron mediante difracci&#243;n de rayos X&#46; Se encontr&#243; que los materiales cer&#225;micos con composici&#243;n entre 0&#46;06<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">x</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;08 muestran una coexistencia de fases ortorr&#243;mbica <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#40;Amm2&#41;</span> y tetragonal <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#40;P4mm&#41;</span> &#40;O-T&#41;&#46; Las cer&#225;micas con la composici&#243;n <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">x</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;07 presentaron las mejores propiedades&#58; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">d</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">33</span></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>282<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>pC&#47;N&#44; &#8722;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">d</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">31</span></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>103<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>pC&#47;N&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">k</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>46&#37;&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#603;</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">r</span></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1820&#44; tan<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#948;</span> &#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3&#37; y <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">T</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">c</span></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>271<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#176;C&#46; Adem&#225;s&#44; se observ&#243; una buena estabilidad t&#233;rmica de la propiedad piezoel&#233;ctrica <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#40;d</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">33</span></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#41;</span>&#44; hasta 200<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#176;C&#44; indicando un gran potencial en aplicaciones hasta este l&#237;mite de temperatura&#46;</p></span>"
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                  """
              ]
              "imagenFichero" => array:1 [
                0 => "xTab2667624.png"
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        "texto" => "<p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Brenda Carre&#241;o-Jim&#233;nez thanks to <span class="elsevierStyleGrantSponsor" id="gs2">CONACyT-M&#233;xico</span> for providing a PhD scholarship&#46; The authors acknowledge to Omar Novelo &#40;IIM-UNAM&#41; for SEM images and Neftal&#237; Razo &#40;ENES-Morelia&#41; for the technical assistance&#46; A&#46; Reyes-Montero acknowledges CTIC-UNAM for providing a post-doctoral scholarship&#46;</p>"
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Article information

ISSN: 03663175
Original language: English

DOI:10.1016/j.bsecv.2020.06.001

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2024 October	17	3	20
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2024 July	14	5	19
2024 June	14	12	26
2024 May	21	6	27
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2024 March	39	2	41
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2023 April	34	4	38
2023 March	24	2	26
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2023 January	41	11	52
2022 December	26	12	38
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2021 May	12	8	20
2021 April	60	13	73
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2021 February	14	15	29
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