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Vol. 73. Issue 2.
Pages 104-109 (February 2003)
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Vol. 73. Issue 2.
Pages 104-109 (February 2003)
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Acontecimientos adversos en un servicio de cirugía general y de aparato digestivo de un hospital universitario*
Adverse events in the general and digestive surgery department of a university hospital
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Jesús María Aranaz1,a,c, María Teresa Geaa,c, Guillermo Marínb
a Servicio de Medicina Preventiva.
b Servicio de Cirugía general y de Aparato Digestivo. Hospital General Universitario de Alicante.
c Departamento de Salud Pública. Universidad Miguel Hernández. Alicante. España.
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Resumen
Objetivo

Conocer la incidencia y las características de los acontecimientos adversos (AA) en un servicio de cirugía.

Tipo de estudio

Estudio descriptivo, primera fase de un estudio de cohortes retrospectivo.

Ámbito

Servicio de cirugía general y de aparato digestivo.

Período de estudio

De 1996 a 2000.

Criterios de inclusión

Tener más de 11 años, haber sido dado de alta por el servicio de cirugía y tener historia clínica.

Medida de resultado

AA: accidente o incidente que ha causado daño o lo ha podido causar, ligado a las condiciones de la asistencia o del paciente.

Fuente de datos

Conjunto mínimo básico de datos y sistema de vigilancia de infección nosocomial.

Resultados

La mortalidad específica osciló entre el 1,2% de 1998 y el 2,7% de 1996. La razón de mortalidad estandarizada varió del 0,78 en 1996 al 0,32 en 2000, alcanzando significación estadística en los años 1998, 1999 y 2000. El número de complicaciones sobre el total de episodios quirúrgicos fue de 392 en los 5 años. La tasa de complicaciones varió entre el 8,5% en 1996 y el 4,2% en 2000. En general, las complicaciones sobre el total de episodios atendidos disminuyen a medida que avanza el tiempo. La incidencia global de infección según el sistema de Vigilancia Nosocomial osciló entre el 10,9% en 1997 y el 16,6% en 1999. Existe una tendencia de descenso para la infección de herida quirúrgica, que constituye la infección más frecuente. Estos resultados preliminares, que no presentan un patrón de estabilidad, son indicativos de que posiblemente existan estrategias para identificar los AA y para prevenir los evitables.

Palabras clave:
Acontecimientos adversos
Gestión de riesgos
Cirugía
Objectives

To examine the incidence of adverse events (AE) in a surgical ward.

Design

A descriptive study as the first step in a retrospective cohort study.

Study setting

General and digestive surgery ward.

Study period

1996-2000.

Data collection and inclusion criteria

Clinical data were collected from patients who had been discharged from the surgical ward, had available medical records and were aged more than 11 years old.

Measurement of result

AE were defined as an accident or incident that either caused or could cause damage and that was linked to the patient‘s characteristics or to those of the medical care.

Data sources

Minimum Basic Data Set and nosocomial infections surveillance system.

Principal findings

Specific mortality rates ranged from 1.2% in 1998 to 2.7% in 1996 and standardized mortality ratios ranged from 0.78 in 1996 to 0.32 in 2000 with statistical significance in 1998, 1999 and 2000. There were 392 cases of surgical AE between 1996 and 2000. The rate of surgical complications ranged from 8.5% in 1996 to 4.2% in 2000. In general, the surgical complications occurring among all treated episodes tended to decrease with time. According to the nosocomial infections surveillance system, the overall incidence of inpatient infections ranged from 10.9% in 1997 to 16.6% in 1999. Surgical wound infection, the most frequent infection, tended to decrease. These preliminary results, which do not represent a stable trend, indicate the possibility of strategies to identify AE and to prevent those that are avoidable.

Key words:
Adverse events
Risk management
Surgery
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*Este trabajo es resultado de la Investigación “Incidencia de acontecimientos adversos en un servicio de Cirugía General y Aparato Digestivo”, financiada por la Consellería de Sanidad Valenciana. DOGV n.° 4131. Expediente 014/2001

Copyright © 2003. Asociación Española de Cirujanos
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