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Inicio Cirugía Española Bases anatómicas del vaciamiento ganglionar cervical central
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Vol. 71. Issue 3.
Pages 163-168 (March 2002)
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Vol. 71. Issue 3.
Pages 163-168 (March 2002)
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Bases anatómicas del vaciamiento ganglionar cervical central
Anatomic bases of central cervical lymphatic dissection
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J.A. Pereira Rodrígueza
Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut. Facultat de Ciéncies de la Salut i de la Vida. Universitat Pompeu Fabra
A. Sitges-Serra*
* Departament de Cirurgia. Hospital del Mar. Barcelona
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El tratamiento quirúrgico del cáncer diferenciado del tiroides es controvérsico tanto en lo que hace referencia a la extensión de la tiroidectomía, como en la necesidad de extirpar los ganglios linfáticos satélites

El vaciamiento ganglionar del compartimiento central del cuello se introdujo inicialmente en el manejo de pacientes afectados de carcinoma medular de tiroides consiguiendo resultados esperanzadores en cuanto a la recidiva de la enfermedad. Recientemente algunos autores han planteado el uso de esta técnica, de forma sistemática, con la intención de mejorar la tasa de recidiva de dicha enfermedad

Esta actitud es objeto de controversia y existen argumentaciones a favor y en contra del uso sistemático de esta técnica que, si bien ha demostrado la disminución de la tasa de recidiva, también comporta un aumento de la iatrogenia y no está claramente demostrado que mejore la supervivencia a largo plazo de la enfermedad que alcanza cifras del 98% a 30 años en pacientes de bajo riesgo

El estudio de la anatomía de los linfáticos de la glándula tiroides ofrece datos relevantes que cuestionan o matizan la realización del VCC. En el presente trabajo se revisan las bases anatómicas del drenaje linfático tiroideo y de la técnica del VCC

Palabras clave:
Cáncer diferenciado de tiroides
Vaciamiento ganglionar cervical
Compartimiento cervical central
Linfáticos de la glándula tiroides

The surgical treatment of differentiated carcinoma of the thyroid gland is controversial both in terms of the extent of thyroidectomy and terms of the need to remove the satellite lymph nodes

Lymph node dissection in the central neck area was first introduced in the management of patients with medullary thyroid carcinoma and encouraging results were achieved in terms of recurrence. Recently, some authors have proposed the systematic use of this technique to improve recurrence rates of this disease

This approach is controversial and there are arguments both for and against the systematic use of this technique. Although it has reduced the recurrence rate, this tecnique increases iantrogeny and it has not yetr been clearly demonstrated that it improves long-term survival which, in low-risk patients, can be as high as 90% at 30 years

Study of the anatomy of thyroid gland lymph nodes provides relevant data that question or qualify the performace of lymph node dissection. The present study reviews the anatomical bases of lymphatic drainage of the thyroid gland and of dissection of the central neck area

Key words:
Differentiated carcinoma of the thyroid gland
Cervical lymph node dissection
Central neck area
Thyroid gland lymph nodes
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