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Vol. 72. Issue 2.
Pages 58-61 (August 2002)
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Vol. 72. Issue 2.
Pages 58-61 (August 2002)
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Calidad de vida en pacientes con obesidad mórbida sometidos a gastroplastia vertical bandeada
Quality of Life in patients with morbid obesity undergoing vertical banded gastroplasty
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Juan Antonio Guisado Macíasa,1
Corresponding author
jguisadom@medynet.com

Correspondencia: Dr. J.A. Guisado Macías. Rafael Lucenqui, 10, 6.º F. 06004 Badajoz.
, Francisco José Vaz Leala, Javier Alarcón Domingoa, Juan José López-Iborb, Luis Gaitec, Miguel Ángel Rubiod
a Departamento de Psiquiatría. Facultad de Medicina. Universidad de Extremadura. Badajoz.
b Departamento de Psiquiatría. Hospital Clínico Universitario San Carlos. Universidad Complutense. Madrid.
c Departamento de Psiquiatría. Universidad de Cantabria. Santander.
d Departamento de Endocrinología. Hospital Clínico Universitario San Carlos. Madrid.
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Resumen
Introducción

Los pacientes con obesidad mórbida que son sometidos a técnicas quirúrgicas para perder peso constituyen una población referencial para analizar la calidad de vida ya que, generalmente, el tratamiento quirúrgico provoca una importante y duradera pérdida de peso.

Métodos

La muestra está formada por 100 pacientes con obesidad mórbida (85 mujeres, 15 varones) que han sido sometidos a tratamiento quirúrgico (gastroplastia vertical anillada) para perder peso. Cuarenta pacientes (40%) cumplieron criterios CIE-10 para el diagnóstico de trastornos psiquiátricos y fueron incluidos en el grupo de “obesos mórbidos psiquiátricos”. Los 60 pacientes restantes (60%) no cumplieron criterios diagnósticos CIE-10 y fueron incluidos en el grupo de “obesos mórbidos sanos”. Cada paciente completó le escala de calidad de vida del Lancashire Quality of Life Profile-European Version (LQOLP-EU).

Resultados

La calidad de vida del grupo con trastornos psiquiátricos está más deteriorada que en el grupo carente de ellos. Hemos encontrado diferencias estadísticamente significativas para los dos grupos en las subescalas de relaciones familiares (p < 0,001), salud (p < 0,002), bienestar general (p < 0,001), afectividad positiva (p < 0,0001), afectividad negativa (p < 0,0001), autoestima negativa (p < 0,0001), opinión del paciente (p < 0,002) y opinión del clínico (p < 0,001). La pérdida de peso no se relaciona con el diagnóstico psiquiátrico.

Conclusiones

La calidad de vida de los pacientes con obesidad mórbida sometidos a cirugía bariátrica está más deteriorada si presentan trastornos psiquiátricos. La pérdida de peso es independiente del diagnóstico psiquiátrico. Hacemos hincapié en la necesidad de realizar una evaluación psiquiátrica en los pacientes con obesidad mórbida sometidos a cirugía bariátrica, antes y después de la intervención, ya que nos hemos encontrado con una peor calidad de vida que podría ensombrecer el pronóstico a largo plazo.

Palabras clave:
Obesidad mórbida
Cirugía bariátrica
Calidad de vida
Trastornos psiquiátricos
Introduction

Surgically treated morbidly obese patients are a suitable population to analyse the quality of life because their surgical treatment generally results in substantial and long-lasting weight reduction.

Methods

The group was composed of 100 morbidly obese patients (85 females, 15 males) who had undergone surgical treatment (vertical banded gastroplasty) for weight reduction. Forty of these patients (40%) met ICD-10 criteria for the diagnosis of psychiatric disorders and they were included in the “psychiatric obese group” (PO). The other sixty patients (60%), did not fulfill the ICD-10 diagnostic criteria and they were included in the “Non-psychiatric obese group” (NO). Each patient completed the Lancashire Quality of Life Profile-European Version (LQOLP-EU).

Results

The quality of life in the psychiatric obese group is poorer than in the normal one. Significant differences were found between the two groups in the subscales for family relations (p < 0.001), health (p < 0.002), perceived general well-being (p < 0.001), positive affect (p < 0.0001), negative affect (p < 0.0001), negative self-esteem (p < 0.0001), patient’s opinion on his/her quality of life (p < 0.002) and clinician’s opinion on the patient’s quality of life (p < 0.001). The percentage of weight loss is not associatet with the psychiatric diagnosis.

Conclusions

Patients subjected to gastric surgery for the purpose of weight reduction lose quality of life if they have psychiatric disorders; their physical and emotional ill-being increases and the outcome of their treatment worsens. The weight loss after surgery is not associated with psychiatric diagnosis. We conclude that psychiatric evaluation is necessary both before and after surgery in order to manage the psychiatric pathology.

Key words:
Morbid obesity
Bariatric surgery
Quality of life
Psychiatric disorders
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Copyright © 2002. Asociación Española de Cirujanos
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