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Vol. 75. Issue 2.
Pages 56-63 (February 2004)
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Vol. 75. Issue 2.
Pages 56-63 (February 2004)
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Cirugía experimental y obesidad mórbida
Experimental surgery and morbid obesity
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6166
Fàtima Sabencha, Mercè Hernándezb, Santiago Blancob, Daniel del Castillob,1
Corresponding author
ddelcastillo@grupsgs.com

Correspondencia: Dr. D. del Castillo. Servicio de Cirugía. Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Reus. Sant Joan, s/n. 43201 Reus. Tarragona. España.
a Unidad de Cirugía. Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud. Universitat Rovira i Virgili. Reus. Tarragona.
b Servicio de Cirugía. Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Reus. Unidad de Cirugía. Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud. Universitat Rovira i Virgili. Reus. Tarragona. España.
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Resumen

Se lleva a cabo un estudio de la evolución de la cirugía bariátrica experimental en animales de laboratorio y se determinan las necesidades actuales en este campo para el seguimiento de nuevas líneas de investigación.

Se hace una revisión de los trabajos experimentales sobre cirugía de la obesidad mórbida desde la última mitad del siglo xx, según las diferentes técnicas existentes (malbsortivas, restrictivas, mixtas y experimentales). Las fuentes de información utilizadas han sido las búsquedas en la National Library of Medicine (PubMed).

Se observa una clara tendencia a la utilización de animales de gran tamaño (cerdos) para el perfeccionamiento técnico, en especial de la laparoscopia. Una segunda dirección en la experimentación animal se centra en determinar un nexo metabolicoquirúrgico, que determinaría una mejoría de las comorbilidades. Por último, una tercera línea de investigación estaría centrada en la manipulación de la ingesta a partir de control central y vagal.

Se necesitan estudios en que se combine la cirugía experimental en animales de laboratorio con los mecanismos que determinan su fisiopatología, su metabolismo y los que regulan su ingesta, tanto en las técnicas que están aplicadas a la práctica clínica como en las que están en fase experimental. Es necesario que los trabajos se realicen con animales obesos para conocer con exactitud los patrones metabólicos y evitar conclusiones erróneas sobre los mecanismos de la pérdida de peso.

Palabras clave:
Obesidad mórbida
Cirugía bariátrica
Cirugía experimental

To study the development of experimental bariatric surgery in laboratory animals and to determine present needs in this field so that new lines of research can be opened up.

We reviewed the experimental studies performed in the field of morbid obesity surgery since the second half of the twentieth century. Each of the existing surgical techniques (malabsorptive, restrictive, mixed and experimental) was reviewed. The source of information was the National Library of Medicine (PubMed).

There is a clear tendency to use large animals (pigs) for perfecting technique, particularly in laparoscopy. A second focus in animal experimentation is to determine a metabolic-surgical nexus that would improve comorbidities. Finally, a third research area focuses on manipulating intake by central and vagal control.

Studies should be undertaken that combine experimental surgery on laboratory animals with the mechanisms that determine their physiopathology and metabolism and regulate their intake, using both experimental techniques and techniques that are already being used in clinical practice. These studies should be performed in obese animals so that metabolic patterns are accurately characterized and erroneous conclusions are not drawn about the mechanisms of weight loss.

Key words:
Morbid obesity
Bariatric surgery
Experimental surgery
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