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Vol. 73. Issue 6.
Pages 354-360 (June 2003)
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Vol. 73. Issue 6.
Pages 354-360 (June 2003)
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Controversias en torno a la biopsia del ganglio centinela en enfermas con cáncer de mama. ¿Qué dice la medicina basada en la evidencia?
Controversies in sentinel node biopsy in women with breast cancer. What does evidence-based medicine say?
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Benigno Acea Nebril1
Corresponding author
homero@canalejo.org

Correspondencia: Dr. B. Acea Nebril. Plaza del Exilio 3, 1.° A. 15179 Santa Cruz de Oleiros. La Coruña. España.
Servicio de Cirugía General “A”. Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Juan Canalejo. La Coruña. España
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Resumen
Introducción

Desde hace 10 años la biopsia selectiva del ganglio centinela (BSGC) ha sido evaluada como una alternativa a la linfadenectomía axilar en mujeres con cáncer de mama. La experiencia acumulada durante estos años ha permitido su validación en grupos seleccionados de enfermas, pero, al mismo tiempo, en su aplicación clínica han surgido nuevas perspectivas que actualmente constituyen cuestiones de debate.

Objetivo

El presente estudio de revisión pretende evaluar el estado del conocimiento en torno a cinco situaciones controvertidas en torno a la BSGC: el impacto de la técnica en la supervivencia y los períodos libres de enfermedad, la BSGC en mamaria interna, la necesidad de una linfadenectomía axilar de rescate tras el hallazgo de un ganglio centinela infiltrado, la recaída axilar tras una BSGC, y la indicación de esta técnica en mujeres sometidas a quimioterapia neoadyuvante.

Método

Se ha realizado una revisión sistemática de la literatura científica entre los años 1998 y 2002 y se han seleccionado las experiencias relacionadas con las cuestiones a debate. El nivel de evidencia se ha clasificado según los criterios de la US Preventive Task Force.

Conclusiones

Actualmente se constata un bajo nivel de evidencia en torno a las cuestiones analizadas debido, fundamentalmente, a la ausencia de estudios aleatorizados en la literatura internacional.

Palabras clave:
Cáncer de mama
Biopsia selectiva de ganglio centinela
Linfadenectomía axilar
Medicina basada en la evidencia
Introduction

For the last 10 years selective sentinel node biopsy (SSNB) has been evaluated as an alternative to axillary lymphadenectomy in women with breast cancer. The experience gathered over this time has allowed this procedure to be validated in selected groups of patients but, at the same time, new perspectives on its clinical application have come to light that are currently a cause of debate.

Objective

The present review aims to evaluate current knowledge concerning five controversial issues in SSNB: the impact of the technique on survival and disease-free periods, internal mammary SSNB, the need for rescue axillary lymphadenectomy after identification of an infiltrated sentinel node, axillary recurrence after SSNB and the indication of this technique in women undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

Method

A systematic review of the scientific evidence published between 1998 and 2002 was performed and reports related to issues under debate were selected. The level of evidence was classified using the criteria of the US Preventive Task Force.

Conclusions

Currently, the level of evidence for the issues analyzed is low mainly due to the lack of randomized clinical trials in the international literature.

Key words:
Breast cancer
Selective sentinel node biopsy
Axillary lymphadenectomy
Evidence-based medicine
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Estudio financiado por la Secretaría Xeral de Investigación e Desenvolvemento y el Servicio Galego de saúde (SERGAS) a través de la ayuda PGIDTO1SAN00001PR.

Copyright © 2003. Asociación Española de Cirujanos
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