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Vol. 71. Issue 4.
Pages 201-206 (April 2002)
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Vol. 71. Issue 4.
Pages 201-206 (April 2002)
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Equipamiento, experiencia mínima y estándares en la cirugía hepatobiliopancreática (HBP)
Equipment, Minimum Experience and Standards in Liver, Pancreatic and Bile-Duct Surgery
Visits
5037
Joan Figueras1
Corresponding author
jfigueras@csub.scs.es

Correspondencia: Dr. J. Figueras. Servicio de Cirugía General y Digestiva. Hospital Prínceps d’Espanya. Ciutat Sanitària i Universitària de Bellvitge. 08907 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat. Barcelona
, Joan Fabregat, Eduardo Jaurrieta
Servicios de Cirugía General y Digestiva
Carles Vallsa, Teresa Serranob
a Institut de Diagnòstic per la Imatge. Hospital Duran i Reynals
b Anatomía Patológica. Hospital Prínceps d’Espanya. Ciutat Sanitària i Universitària de Bellvitge. Universidad de Barcelona
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Resumen

En la cirugía del hígado, páncreas y vías biliares hay ciertos tipos de procedimientos quirúrgicos como la hepatectomía y duodenopancreatectomía que se asocian a gran morbilidad y mortalidad. Es importante establecer equipamientos, experiencia y unos estándares mínimos aceptables

La optimización de la técnica radiológica (tomografía computarizada y resonancia magnética) con adquisición multifásica e inyección de dosis adecuadas de contraste es básica para obtener exploraciones de calidad que permitan un diagnóstico certero

La ecografía intraoperatoria se ha convertido en una pieza imprescindible en la cirugía del hígado. El uso del bisturí ultrasónico en la transección hepática ha demostrado que disminuye significativamente la hemorragia. Para la hemostasia parenquimatosa es muy útil el coagulador de argón. Cuando los pacientes con tumores del hígado no son candidatos a exéresis quirúrgica, la destrucción por radiofrecuencia o crioterapia es otra alternativa de la que se debe disponer

La mortalidad de la hepatectomía mayor debe ser inferior al 5% y la morbilidad inferior al 30%. En el hepatocarcinoma sobre hígado cirrótico la supervivencia a los 5 años debe ser superior al 50%, en las metástasis hepáticas superior al 30% y en el colangiocarcinoma hiliar superior al 20%

En cirugía pancreática se debe aceptar en general una mortalidad inferior al 10%. La morbilidad debe ser inferior al 50%. La supervivencia a los 5 años es mejor para los ampulomas e inferior para el carcinoma de páncreas, pero como media debe ser superior al 30%

Un centro de referencia debería realizar como mínimo 50 hepatectomías anuales y 24 duodenopancreatectomías anuales

Palabras clave:
Mortalidad hospitalaria
Control de calidad
Estándares de hospital
Departamento de Cirugía
Hepatectomía
Pancreatectomía
Neoplasias
Mortalidad

In liver, pancreatic and bile-duct surgery, certain types of surgical procedure such as hepatectomy and duodenopancreatectomy are associated with high morbidity and mortality. For these reasons it is important to establish criteria for equipment, experience and minimum acceptable standards

Optimization of computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging techniques with multiphase acquisition and injection of appropriate contrast doses are essential for high-quality exploration leading to reliable diagnosis

Intra-operative ultrasonography has become indispensable in liver surgery. The use of the ultrasonic dissector during hepatic transection has been shown to decrease hemorrhage significantly. For parenchymal hemostasis the argon coagulator is highly effective. When patients with liver tumors are not candidates for surgical resection, destruction by radiofrequency or cryotherapy is an alternative that should be available

The mortality associated with hepatectomy should be below 5% and morbidity should be below 30%. Survival at 5 years should be above 50% in cases of hepatocarcinoma in cirrhotic liver, above 30% in hepatic metastases and above 20% in hilar cholangiocarcinoma

In pancreatic surgery a mortality rate of less than 10% should, in general, be accepted. Morbidity should be below 50%. Five-year survival is better for ampulloma and lower for pancreatic carcinoma, but on average it should be above 30%

A referral center should perform at least 50 hepatectomies and at least 24 duodenopancreatectomies annually

Key words:
Hospital mortality
Quality Assurance
Hospital standards
Surgery Department
Hepatectomy
Pancreatectomy
Neoplasms
Mortality
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