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Vol. 76. Issue 5.
Pages 284-291 (November 2004)
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Vol. 76. Issue 5.
Pages 284-291 (November 2004)
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Exploración neurológica y neurofisiológica del suelo pelviano
Neurological and neurophysiological exploration of the pelvic floor
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14106
Carlos del Ríoa,1
Corresponding author
cdelrio@csub.scs.es

Correspondencia: Dr. C. del Río. Servicio de Cirugía General y Digestiva. Ciutat Sanitària Universitària de Bellvitge. Feixa Llarga, s/n. 08907 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat. Barcelona. España.
, Jordi Monterob
a Servicio de Cirugía Digestiva. Ciutat Sanitària i Universitària de Bellvitge. L’Hospitalet de Llobregat. Barcelona
b Servicio de Neurología. Ciutat Sanitària i Universitària de Bellvitge. L’Hospitalet de Llobregat. Barcelona. España
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Resumen

Las alteraciones funcionales de la micción y de la defecación son muy frecuentes en la población general y mucho más entre los pacientes neurológicos. Conocer la fisiopatología de estos trastornos es esencial en la práctica clínica. El control neurológico de estas funciones se realiza a partir de automatismos regulados en los núcleos del tronco cerebral mediante estructuras periféricas somáticas y vegetativas que actúan simultáneamente. La continencia depende de la integridad de las estructuras anatómicas y de los sistemas mecánicos, presivos y sensoriales que permiten el desarrollo de los automatismos. El examen neurológico debe insertarse en los estudios que realizan otros especialistas, especialmente la ecografía y la manometría, lo que permite valorar de forma objetiva la localización y la gravedad del daño neuromuscular. El objetivo de este estudio es triple: describir los mecanismos neurológicos que rigen la defecación y la micción; revisar los métodos clínicos y los tests electromiográficos de exploración neurológica del suelo de la pelvis, y por último, presentar nuestro protocolo de actuación exploratoria en las disfunciones del suelo pelviano.

Palabras clave:
Defecación
Electromiografía
Esfínteres
Incontinencia
Micción
Suelo pelviano

Functional alterations of micturition and defecation are highly common in the general population and are even more frequent in neurological patients. Determination of the physiopathology of these disorders is essential in clinical practice. Neurological control of these functions is carried out by automatisms regulated in the brainstem nuclei through somatic and vegetative peripheral structures acting simultaneously. Continence depends on the integrity of the anatomical structures and mechanical, pressure and sensory systems that allow the development of automatisms. Neurological examination should be included in the procedures performed by other specialists, especially ultrasonography and manometry, as it allows the localization and severity of neuromuscular damage to be objectively evaluated. The aims of the present article were three-fold: to describe the neurological mechanisms that govern defecation and micturition, to review the clinical methods and electromyographic tests used in neurological examination of the pelvic floor and, lastly, to present our protocol for investigation of pelvic floor disorders.

Key words:
Defecation
Electromyography
Sphincters
Incontinence
Micturition
Pelvic floor
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Copyright © 2004. Asociación Española de Cirujanos
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