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Vol. 72. Issue 2.
Pages 79-83 (August 2002)
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Vol. 72. Issue 2.
Pages 79-83 (August 2002)
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Influencia de la aplicación de un protocolo de actuación en el tratamiento de los traumatismos abdominales cerrados
Influence of the application of a management protocol in the treatment of blunt abdominal trauma
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Laura Lladó1, Rosa Jorba, David Parés, Francisco G. Borobia, Sebastián Biondo, Leandre Farran, Juan Fabregat, Juan Figueras, Eduardo Jaurrieta
Servicio de Cirugía General y Digestiva. CSU Bellvitge. L’Hospitalet de Llobregat. Barcelona
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Resumen
Introducción

El manejo del traumatismo abdominal cerrado ha variado mucho en los últimos años

Material y métodos

Estudiamos la aplicación de un protocolo prospectivo a los pacientes con traumatismo abdominal cerrado durante un año, con el objetivo de evaluar la utilidad del tratamiento no operatorio y su influencia en la morbimortalidad. Todos los pacientes atendidos siguiendo dicho protocolo fueron comparados con un grupo de pacientes previo

Resultados

Durante el período de estudio prospectivo, 65 pacientes fueron ingresados con traumatismo abdominal cerrado (grupo prospectivo [P]). Durante el período previo fueron atendidos 77 pacientes (grupo retrospectivo [R]). No hubo diferencias significativas entre ambos grupos en cuanto al sexo, la edad, la escala HIS (Haemodynamic Injury Scale) o el mecanismo de lesión. El 55% de los pacientes del grupo R fue intervenido, mientras que en el grupo P se intervino al 25% (p = 0,0005). Entre los pacientes con lesión esplénica, en el grupo R fue intervenido el 85%, mientras que en el grupo P sólo el 50% (p = 0,03). Entre los pacientes con lesiones hepáticas fue intervenido el 70% en el período R y sólo el 16% en el período P (p = 0,05). No hubo diferencias significativas entre los grupos R y P en la estancia hospitalaria, la estancia en UCI, la transfusión y la mortalidad hospitalaria

Conclusiones

La aplicación de un protocolo de manejo de los pacientes con traumatismo abdominal cerrado permite el tratamiento no operatorio en la mayoría de los casos sin aumentar la morbimortalidad, la estancia hospitalaria o los requerimientos transfusionales, evitando la morbilidad ocasionada por la propia cirugía

Palabras clave:
Traumatismo abdominal
Tratamiento no operatorio
Introduction

The management of blunt abdominal trauma has changed during last years

Material and methods

We study the application of a prospective protocol in patients with blunt abdominal trauma admitted at our hospital during a year with the objective of evaluating its usefulness to apply a non-operative treatment and its influence on morbimortality. All patients that followed this protocol were compared with a previous group of patients

Results

During the prospective period, 65 patients were admitted with blunt abdominal trauma (prospective group [P]). During the previous period 77 patients were admitted (retrospective group [R]). There were no differences on sex, age, haemodynamic injury scale or the mechanism of trauma. In group R, 55% of patients were operated on, while only 25% of patients from group P were treated surgically (p = 0.0005). Patients with splenic injuries, 85% from group R were operated compared with 50% in group P (p = 0.03). Likewise, patients with hepatic injuries were operated on in 70% of cases in group R while only in 16% in group P (p = 0.05). There were no differences in hospital stay, ICU stay, transfusion or hospital mortality between both groups

Conclusions

The application of a prospective protocol to manage patients with blunt abdominal trauma allows a non-operative treatment in most cases, without increasing morbimortality, hospital stay or transfusion, and avoiding surgical related morbidity

Key words:
Blunt abdominal trauma
Non-operative treatment
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Copyright © 2002. Asociación Española de Cirujanos
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