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Inicio Cirugía Española La colecistitis aguda tratada con colecistostomía y extracción de cálculos ba...
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Vol. 73. Issue 3.
Pages 173-177 (March 2003)
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Vol. 73. Issue 3.
Pages 173-177 (March 2003)
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La colecistitis aguda tratada con colecistostomía y extracción de cálculos bajo anestesia local en el paciente anciano de alto riesgo
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E. Javier Grau Talensa,1
Corresponding author
ejgrau@eresmas.com

Correspondencia: Dr. E.J. Grau Talens. C/ Castillo Zalamea de la Serena, 15. 06006 Badajoz. España.
, Francisco García Olivesb, Begoña Huertas Vegac, Ángel Prado Moralesdd
a FEA Cirugía General y Aparato Digestivo. Asociación Española de Cirujanos, ISS-SIC. Hospital Universitario Infanta Cristina. Badajoz. España.
b Servicio de Cirugía General y Aparato Digestivo. Hospital Verge del Toro. Mahón. Menorca. España
c Sección de Anestesiología y Reanimación. Hospital Verge del Toro. Mahón. Menorca. España
d Servicio de Cirugía General y Aparato Digestivo. Hospital Ciudad de Coria. Cáceres. España
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Resumen
Objetivo

El objetivo ha sido comprobar el beneficio de la colecistostomía, bajo anestesia local, con extracción de cálculos en el paciente mayor y de alto riesgo diagnosticado de colecistitis aguda (ca).

Métodos

Hemos realizado un estudio prospectivo de un protocolo diagnóstico y terapéutico para la ca en los pacientes ancianos de alto riesgo. para la valoración del estado fisiológico se ha utilizado la clasificación asa y apache ii. veinticuatro pacientes de alto riesgo, con asa iii o mayor, han sido tratados mediante colecistostomía y extracción de cálculos bajo anestesia local. en los últimos 3 casos se realizó una colecistoscopia intraoperatoria.

Resultados

Edad media de 84,7 años (68-101) y con serias enfermedades concomitantes. diecinueve pacientes fueron considerados asa iv, y la cifra media (intervalo) de apache ii fue de 17 (11-24). en el 66% de los casos la bilis contenía gérmenes. la intervención ha durado una media de 38 min (20-60). en dos de ellos la ca fue alitiásica. la estancia media fue de 12,8 días. un paciente falleció, probablemente por pancreatitis aguda grave. en el seguimiento 18 pacientes han fallecido y 5 permanecen vivos, en ningún caso se ha registrado recidiva de síntomas biliares.

Conclusiones

Este procedimiento es bien tolerado por los pacientes ancianos de alto riesgo, con baja mortalidad y mínimas complicaciones, lo que permite una rápida recuperación del paciente

Palabras clave:
Colecistostomía
Colecistoscopia
Anciano de alto riesgo
Objective

The aim of this study was to determine the benefit of cholecystostomy under local anesthesia in elderly, high-risk patients with a diagnosis of acute cholecystitis (ac)

Methods

We performed a prospective study of a diagnostic and therapeutic protocol for ac in elderly, high-risk patients. to evaluate physiological status, the american society of anesthesiologists (asa) and acute physiology and chronic health evaluation ii (apache ii) scores were used. twenty-four high-risk patients with asa grade iii or higher were treated with cholecystostomy and gallstone extraction under local anesthesia. in the last three patients, intraoperative cholecystoscopy was performed

Results

The mean age was 84.7 years (68-101) and patients had serious concomitant diseases. nineteen patients were asa iv and the mean apache ii score was 17 (range, 11-24). in 66% of the patients, the bile contained germs. the mean procedure time was 38 minutes (20-60). in two patients with ac, no lithiasis was found. the mean length of hospital stay was 12.8 days. one patient died, probably due to severe acute pancreatitis. eighteen patients died during follow-up and 5 remain alive. no recurrence of biliary symptoms has been found

Conclusions

This procedure is well tolerated by elderly, high-risk patients and produces low mortality and minimal complications, thus allowing rapid recovery

Key words:
Cholecystostomy
Cholecystoscopy
Highrisk elderly patients
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Copyright © 2003. Asociación Española de Cirujanos
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