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Vol. 72. Issue 2.
Pages 62-66 (August 2002)
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Vol. 72. Issue 2.
Pages 62-66 (August 2002)
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Preparacion mecánica preoperatoria del colon. Estudio prospectivo, aleatorio, simple ciego, comparativo entre fosfato sódico y polietilenglicol
Preoperative mechanical preparation of the colon. A prospective, randomized, single-blind study of sodium phosphate vs polyethylene glycol
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Pere Bretcha1
Corresponding author
30868pbb@comb.es

Correspondencia: Dr. P. Bretcha. Negrevernis, 15, 1º 2ª, esc. B. 08034 Barcelona.
, Josep Rius, Joaquín Rodríguez, Albert Navarro, Constancio Marco
Unidad de Coloproctología. Servicio de Cirugía General y del Aparato Digestivo. Hospital Mútua de Terrassa. Universidad de Barcelona
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Resumen
Objetivo

Valorar la seguridad, la efectividad y la tolerancia del fosfato sódico (NaP) y el polietilenglicol (PEG) en la preparación para la cirugía colorrectal.

Pacientes y métodos

Cincuenta pacientes fueron prospectivamente aleatorizados, ingiriendo 90 ml de NaP o 4 l de PEG el día anterior a la cirugía. La seguridad del preparado se valoró con un análisis previo y tras la administración. En un detallado cuestionario los pacientes valoraron la facilidad de cumplimiento, la cantidad de fármaco ingerida, las molestias asociadas y el sabor; si habían recibido un preparado previo, valoraron la dificultad en completar la pauta, el grado de malestar y el sabor. La eficacia fue valorada por el cirujano abriendo la pieza quirúrgica. El estudio estadístico se realizó mediante la prueba de la U de Mann Whitney y el test de Shapiro-Wilk.

Resultados

Se apreció una mayor facilidad de cumplimiento en el grupo NaP con una significación estadística de p = 0,0001. El grado de cumplimiento de la preparación fue mayor en el grupo NaP (97,20 ± 10,6) respecto al PEG (90,21 ±16,4) (p = 0,034). No hubo diferencias en el grado de malestar ni en las molestias asociadas al preparado evacuante (p = 0,45). De los pacientes que habían recibido preparación para colonoscopia, los del grupo NaP tuvieron una menor dificultad en completar el tratamiento y en el grado de malestar (p < 0,001). No hubo diferencias en el sabor del producto (p = 0,4) ni en el grado de limpieza conseguido.

El grupo NaP presentó un incremento en los valores de fósforo previo (3,4 ± 0,7) respecto a la determinación posterior a la ingesta de evacuante (4,2 ± 0,9) y un descenso en los valores de calcio tras la ingesta de NaP (9,4 ± 0,4 frente a 8,9 ± 0,2), ambos con significación estadística (p = 0,01 y p = 0,02, respectivamente), sin repercusión clínica. Se observó un descenso en los valores de potasio en ambos grupos (NaP, 4,3 ± 0,4; PEG, 3,8 ± 0,4), con significación estadística (p = 0,01), aunque sin repercusión clínica. En ningún caso se describieron reacciones adversas.

Conclusiones

Ambas soluciones son efectivas y seguras. La solución de NaP tiene una facilidad, un grado de cumplimiento y un grado de aceptación mayores que el PEG. Se ha observado una hiperfosfatemia e hipocalcemia estadísticamente significativa en el grupo NaP sin repercusiones clínicas.

Palabras clave:
Preparación colónica
Cirugía colorrectal
Polietilenglicol
Fosfato sódico
Aim

To assess the safety, efficacy and tolerability of sodium phosphate (NaP) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) in the preparation for colorectal surgery.

Patients and methods

50 patients were prospectively randomized taking 90 ml of NaP or 4 liters of PEG the day before surgery. The safety of the solution was assessed with a previous and posterior blood analysis. In a questioner the patient evaluated the easiness of compliance, the amount of drug taken, the discomfort associated and taste. Patients who had previously talen a cleansing treatment assessed the difficulty to complete the regimen, the degree of discomfort and the taste. Cleansing efficacy was assessed by a surgeon opening the surgical piece. The statistical analysis was performed using the Mann-Whitney’s test and the Shapiro-Wilk test.

Results

An easier compliance was seen in the NaP group with a statistically significant difference p = 0.0001. Compliance with the preparation was higher in the NaP group (97.20 ± 10.6) than the PEG group (90.21 ± 16.4; p = 0.034). No differences were seen in the discomfort associated with the preparation (p = 0.45). The NaP group of patients who had previously received preparation for colonoscopy had less difficulty to complete the cleansing treatment and less discomfort (p < 0.001). There were no differences in taste (p = 0.4) nor in the degree of cleansing achieve.

In the NaP group a statistically significant increase was seen (p = 0.01) from previous phosphorus levels (3.4 ± 0.7) in the measurement made after receiving the solution (4.2 ± 0.9) and also a significant decrease was seen in calcium levels (9.4 ± 0.4 vs 8.9 ± 0.2; p = 0.02). There was no clinical significance. In both groups a reduction in potassium levels was observed (NaP, 4.3 ± 0.4; PEG, 3.8 ± 0.4; p = 0.01) but not clinically significant. No adverse reactions were reported.

Conclusions

Both solutions are effective and safe. The NaP solution is easier to administrate, has a better patient compliance, and is better accepted by the patient than the PEG. A statistically significant hyperphosphatemia and hypocalcemia were found in the NaP group. But casused no clinical signs.

Key words:
Colic preparation
Colorectal surgery
Polyethylene glycol
Sodium phosphate
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Copyright © 2002. Asociación Española de Cirujanos
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