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Vol. 70. Issue 1.
Pages 27-33 (July 2001)
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Vol. 70. Issue 1.
Pages 27-33 (July 2001)
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Resección de metástasis hepáticas de carcinoma colorrectal. Índice de resecabilidad y supervivencia a largo plazo
Resection of Colorectal Liver Metastases. Resectability Rate and Long Term Survival.
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J. Figueras1,
, J. Torras*, C. Valls**, E. Ramos*, C. Lama*, J. Busquets*, L. Lladó*, A. Rafecas*, J. Fabregat*, T. Serrano***, S. López*, J. Martí-Rague*, E. Jaurrieta*
* Departamento de Cirugía General y Digestiva (Prof. E. Jaurrieta)
** Institut de Diagnóstic per la Imatge
*** Departamento de Anatomía Patológica. Ciutat Sanitária i Universitària de Bellvitge. Universitat de Barcelona
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Resumen
Introducción

Para obtener los mejores resultados posibles, el tratamiento de las metástasis hepáticas de carcinoma colorrectal debe ser multidisciplinario. Sin embargo, las posibilidades de curación o supervivencia a largo plazo se basan en la resección completa de toda la enfermedad tumoral detectable en el estudio de extensión, que debe ser lo más preciso posible para evitar laparotomías innecesarias.

Objetivos

Establecer la eficacia de nuestro estudio de extensión a través del índice de resecabilidad y conocer cuáles son nuestros resultados en cuanto a supervivencia a largo plazo.

Pacientes y métodos.

Desde enero de 1991 hasta diciembre de 2000 practicamos 273 hepatectomías por metástasis de carcinoma colorrectal en 250 pacientes. Ni el número, ni el tamaño de las metástasis, ni la invasión locorregional fueron considerados criterios de exclusión. El único criterio utilizado para indicar la intervención fue la presunción preoperatoria de que la exéresis sería completa y macroscópicamente curativa.

Resultados.

El índice de resecabilidad fue del 91,3% (273 de 299 casos) y la mortalidad postoperatoria del 3,3%. En 37 casos se practicó cirugía simultánea del tumor primario, en 23 se llevó a cabo una segunda resección hepática y en 18 pacientes se realizó una resección pulmonar por metástasis pulmonares. En 106 pacientes (55%) se instauró quimioterapia adyuvante. La supervivencia actuarial a los 1, 3 y 5 años fue del 87, 57 y 36%, respectivamente. En el análisis multivariante, la presencia de cuatro o más metástasis y el margen de resección invadido fueron los únicos factores predictivos de mala evolución. La quimioterapia adyuvante mejoró significativamente la supervivencia.

Conclusiones.

La resección de las metástasis hepáticas puede realizarse con una baja mortalidad operatoria y obtiene buenos resultados en cuanto a supervivencia. Con el método de estudio preoperatorio que aplicamos, es posible obtener un alto índice de resecabilidad. La indicación quirúrgica agresiva, el seguimiento sistemático, el rescate quirúrgico con intención curativa de recidivas y la quimioterapia adyuvante comportan una supervivencia a largo plazo del 36%.

Palabras clave:
Hepatectomía
Metástasis
Carcinoma colorrectal
Supervivencia
Introduction

A multidisciplinary treatment is needed to obtain the best possible results of the treatment of hepatic metastases. Nevertheless, the only option for long term survival is based on the complete resection of all detectable tumoral disease on the preoperative study, that must be as accurate as possible to avoid unnecessary laparotomies.

Objectives

To establish the efficacy of our preoperative work-up by studying the resectability rate and to know our results on long term survival.

Patients and methods

From January 1991 till December 2000, we have performed 273 hepatectomies in 250 patients for metastases of colorectal carcinoma. Neither the number nor the size of the metastases or the locoregional invasion were considered to be exclusion criteria. The only predefined criteria of resectability was the presumption of a complete and macroscopically curative resection.

Results.

Resectabilitity rate was 91.3% (273/299) Postoperative mortality was 3.3%. In 37 cases simultaneous surgery of the primary tumour was perfor- med. In 23 of the cases a second hepatic resection was carried out, while in 18 cases pulmonary resection for pulmonary metastases was done.

In 106 patients (55%) adjuvant chemotherapy was associated. One, 3 and 5 years actuarial survival rates were 87, 57 and 36%, respectively. According to multivariate analysis the presence of 4 or more metastases and invasion of the resection margin were independent factors of bad evolution. Adjuvant chemotherapy improved survival significantly.

Conclusions.

Resection of colorectal metastases can be performed by low morbidity and good results on long term survival are achieved. With the preoperative work-up applied a good resectability rate can be obtained. The aggressive surgical indication, the systematic follow-up, the surgical rescue of hepatic recurrences with curative intention and the adjuvant chemotherapy give a long place survival of 36%.

Key words:
Hepatectomy
Metastases
Colorectal carcinoma
Survival
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