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Vol. 72. Issue 5.
Pages 255-260 (November 2002)
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Vol. 72. Issue 5.
Pages 255-260 (November 2002)
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Tratamiento quirúrgico conservador del cáncer infiltrante de mama, en régimen de cirugía mayor ambulatoria
Conservative treatment of infiltrating breast cancer in the ambulatory surgery setting
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Augusto García-Villanueva1,a, Roberto Rojo-Blancobb, M.V. Collado-Guiraobb, Natalia Ferreiro-Pozuelocc, Noemí Samaranch-Paleroc
a Profesor Titular de la Universidad de Alcalá de Henares. Departamento Cirugía General y Digestiva. Unidad Patología de la Mama
b Departamento Cirugía General y Digestiva. Unidad Patología de la Mama
c Anestesiología. Unidad de Cirugía Mayor Ambulatoria. Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal. Madrid
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Resumen
Introducción

La cirugía mayor ambulatoria (CMA) tiene un desarrollo evidente en España. Destaca la escasa referencia que existe respecto al tratamiento del cáncer de mama sin ingreso, a pesar de la tendencia creciente en este sentido en otros países.

Comunicamos nuestra experiencia en el tratamiento conservador del cáncer infiltrante de mama sin ingreso hospitalario.

Material y método

Estudio retrospectivo de 21 pacientes diagnosticadas de cáncer infiltrante de mama, tratadas de modo conservador (extirpación amplia más linfadenectomía axilar), en la Unidad de CMA del Hospital Ramón y Cajal.

Resultados

Dieciséis pacientes (76,1%) tuvieron carcinoma ductal infiltrante; 2 (9,5%), lobulillar infiltrante; 2 (9,5%), tubular puro y uno, presentó patrón mixto. En 10 pacientes (47,6%) se realizó extirpación amplia del tumor y linfadenectomía; en 9 (42,8%), ampliación de márgenes y linfadenectomía, y en 2 (9,5%), sólo linfadenectomía. Los tumores fueron T1 en 14 casos (66%); T2 en 4 (19%) y Tx en 3 (14,2%). El número de ganglios aislados osciló entre 12 y 38, con una media de 22,7. El 66% fue N0, y el 33,3% N+. Salvo en un caso, se drenó la axila.

Fueron dadas de alta el día de la operación 19 de las 21 pacientes; no hubo reingresos, morbilidad quirúrgica destacable (19% de seromas de la axila que precisaron evacuación) ni incidencias domiciliarias, y el grado de satisfacción que mostraron las pacientes y sus familiares en la entrevista personal fue excelente.

Conclusiones

Aunque nuestra experiencia es corta, deducimos que es posible realizar el tratamiento conservador del cáncer infiltrante de mama de modo ambulatorio con seguridad, con una morbilidad baja similar a la de las pacientes con ingreso, buen control del dolor, de las náuseas y los vómitos postoperatorios, y con un alto grado de satisfacción para las pacientes y su entorno familiar. Debe contemplarse como una opción de tratamiento, que la mujer debe conocer, y sobre la cual debe decidir tras una información adecuada. Para aquellas que libremente elijan el sistema, la CMA puede representar una aportación importante que matice positivamente su trayectoria en el tratamiento del cáncer de mama.

Las tendencias en el diagnóstico y el tratamiento del cáncer de mama deberían representar un estímulo para el desarrollo creciente en nuestro país de la CMA en el campo de la patología maligna de la mama.

Palabras clave:
Cirugía ambulatoria
Cáncer de mama
Introduction

Major ambulatory surgery has clearly developed in Spain. The limited reference to ambulatory breast cancer surgery is notable, despite the increasing use of this type of surgery in other countries. We report our experience in the conservative treatment of infiltrating breast cancer in the ambulatory setting.

Material and method

We performed a retrospective study of 21 patients diagnosed with infiltrating breast cancer who underwent conservative surgery (wide extirpation and axillary lymphadenectomy) in the Major Ambulatory Surgery Unit of the Ramón y Cajal Hospital.

Results

Sixteen patients (76.1%) had infiltrating ductal carcinoma, two (9.5%) had infiltrating lobular carcinoma, two (9.5%) presented tubular carcinoma and one presented a mixed pattern. Ten patients (47.6%) underwent wide tumoral excision and lymphadenectomy, nine patients (42.8%) underwent widening of the margins and lymphadenectomy and two (9.5%) underwent lymphadenectomy alone. Tumoral stage was T1 in 14 patients (66%), T2 in 4 (19%) and Tx in 3 (14.2%). The number of isolated nodes oscillated between 12 and 38, with a mean of 22.7. Sixty-six percent were N0 and 33.3% were N-positive. Axillary drainage was performed in all but one patient. Nineteen of the 21 patients were discharged the day of the operation; there were no readmissions, surgical morbidity was low (19% of axillary seromas required evacuation) and there were no domiciliary incidents. In the personal interview, patients and their relatives expressed a high degree of satisfaction.

Conclusions

Although our experience is limited, we deduce that conservative treatment of infiltrating breast carcinoma can be safely performed on an ambulatory basis. Morbidity was low and similar to that in hospitalized patients and control of pain and/or postoperative nausea and vomiting were good. Patients and their relatives expressed a high degree of satisfaction. Major ambulatory surgery should be considered as a treatment option that women should be aware of and make a decision about after receiving full information. For women who freely choose this system, it could contribute positively to their experience of breast cancer treatment.

Tendencies in the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer should constitute a stimulus for an increase in major ambulatory surgery in the field of malignant breast disease.

Key words:
Ambulatory surgery
Cancer
Breast
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Copyright © 2002. Asociación Española de Cirujanos
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