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Inicio Cirugía Española Tratamiento quirúrgico de la dilatación quística congénita de la vía biliar
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Vol. 73. Issue 2.
Pages 114-119 (February 2003)
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Vol. 73. Issue 2.
Pages 114-119 (February 2003)
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Tratamiento quirúrgico de la dilatación quística congénita de la vía biliar
Surgical treatment of congenital cystic dilatation of the biliary tract
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Enrique Artigues Sánchez de Rojas1
Corresponding author
eartigues@hotmail.com

Correspondencia: Dr. E. Artigues Sánchez de Rojas. Avda. Autopista del Saler, 12-23. 46013 Valencia. España.
, Eugenia Pareja Ibars, Ricardo Fabra Ramis, Antonio Vázquez Prado, Francisco Cárdenas Cauqui, Ramón Trullenque Peris
Servicio de Cirugía General y Digestiva (Prof. R. Trullenque Peris). Hospital General Universitario. Valencia. España.
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Resumen
Introducción

La dilatación quística congénita de la vía biliar (DQCVB) es una afección poco frecuente en nuestro medio. Pese a ser una enfermedad congénita, aproximadamente un tercio de los casos no se diagnostican en la infancia. Se clasifican en varios tipos, siendo el tipo I, o dilatación fusiforme de la vía biliar extrahepática, el más frecuente, presentándose en el 50-90% de casos, según las series.

Pacientes y método

Se presentan los resultados de una serie de pacientes adultos ingresados en nuestro hospital durante los últimos 25 años con el diagnóstico de DQCVB; dicha serie consta de 11 pacientes, 8 mujeres y 3 varones, con una edad media de 41,8 años. Se revisan los antecedentes personales, la clínica, las exploraciones complementarias realizadas, la anatomía de la vía biliar y la encrucijada biliopancreática, la clasificación, las técnicas quirúrgicas llevadas a cabo, el análisis histopatológico de las piezas de resección, la evolución postoperatoria y el seguimiento a medio y largo plazo.

Resultados

La variante más frecuente fue el tipo I (8 casos); el tamaño medio de la dilatación quística fue de 6,2 cm; la existencia de un canal común largo se pudo objetivar en tres de los 11 casos (27%); la técnica quirúrgica más empleada fue la exéresis completa del quiste, seguida de reconstrucción mediante hepaticoyeyunostomía en Y de Roux (7 casos); en un caso, la anatomía patológica informó de un adenocarcinoma adenopapilar infiltrante en la pared del quiste, y en otro de una metaplasia intestinal focal; un paciente falleció en el postoperatorio a consecuencia de un cuadro de sepsis.

Conclusiones

Reafirmar la implicación de la existencia de un canal común largo en la fisiopatogenia de la DQCVB, la necesidad de disponer preoperatoriamente de un conocimiento de la anatomía de la vía biliar y la unión biliopancreática, y la indicación de elección de resección de la vía biliar afectada, con reconstrucción de la misma mediante hepaticoyeyunostomía en Y de Roux.

Palabras clave:
Dilatación vía biliar
Quiste de colédoco
Enfermedad de Caroli
Introduction

Congenital cystic dilatation of the biliary tract is infrequent in Spain; although the anomaly is congenital, approximately one-third of cases are not diagnosed in childhood. Various types of the anomaly have been classified and the most common is type I, or fusiform dilatation of the extrahepatic biliary tract, which accounts for 50-90% of cases depending on the series.

Material and methods

We present the results of a series of adult patients admitted to our hospital in the last 25 years with a diagnosis of congenital cystic dilatation of the biliary tract. Our series consisted of 11 patients, 8 women and 3 men, with a mean age of 41.8 years.We reviewed the patients’ personal history of previous diseases, clinical features, complementary investigations performed, anatomy of the biliary tract and biliary-pancreatic junction, classification, surgical techniques used, histopathological analysis of the surgical specimens, postoperative course and medium- and long-term follow-up.

Results

The most frequent variant was type I (eight patients). The mean size of cystic dilatation was 6.2 cm. A long common canal was found in three of the eleven patients (27%). The most frequently used surgical technique was total excision of the cyst followed by reconstruction through Yen- Roux hepaticojejunostomy (seven patients). Histopathological analysis revealed an infiltrating adenopapillary adenocarcinoma in the cystic wall in one patient and focal intestinal metaplasia in another. One patient died in the postoperative period due to sepsis.

Conclusions

we reaffirm the involvement of a long common canal in the physiopathogenesis of congenital cystic dilatation of the biliary tract and the need for preoperative knowledge of the anatomy of the biliary tract and biliary-pancreatic junction. The surgical treatment of choice is total resection of the cyst with reconstruction through Y-en-Roux hepaticojejunostomy.

Key words:
Dilatation of the biliary tract
Choledochal cyst
Caroli’s disease
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Copyright © 2003. Asociación Española de Cirujanos
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