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Vol. 73. Issue 1.
Pages 25-29 (January 2003)
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Vol. 73. Issue 1.
Pages 25-29 (January 2003)
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Tratamiento quirúrgico y resultados del cáncer de recto
Surgical treatment and results of rectal cancer
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Salvador Lledó Matoses1,a, Eduardo García-Granerob, Juan García-Armengolc
a Jefe de Servicio de Cirugía. Profesor asociado del Departamento de Cirugía. Universidad de Valencia.
b Jefe de Sección de la Unidad de Coloproctología. Profesor titular del Departamento de Cirugía. Universidad de Valencia. Board Europeo de Coloproctología.
c FEA de Cirugía de la Unidad de Coloproctología. Board Europeo de Coloproctología. Servicio de Cirugía General y Digestiva. Hospital Clínico Universitario. Valencia.
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Resumen

Las experiencias acumuladas en los últimos años han modificado la táctica y la técnica quirúrgicas en el tratamiento del cáncer de recto, existiendo una evidencia científica en la mejoría de los resultados en grupos especializados. El objetivo del presente trabajo es describir las distintas opciones técnicas, indicaciones y los resultados del tratamiento quirúrgico actual del cáncer de recto. El cáncer de recto puede tratarse con intención curativa con cualquiera de las siguientes opciones quirúrgicas: resección local, resección anterior con sus distintas variantes y amputación abdominoperineal. Se deben mantener unos criterios de selección correctos, fundamentalmente en relación con la localización y extensión del tumor y con el factor paciente. El progreso actual de la cirugía del cáncer de recto viene condicionado por la adopción y la correcta realización de la escisión del mesorrecto popularizada por Heald y con recidivas locales inferiores al 5% en resecciones curativas. La adopción de la técnica por diversos grupos de trabajo ha llevado a una reducción media de las recidivas locales del 19 al 6%, a expensas de la especialización y la creación de unidades de cirugía colorrectal.

Palabras clave:
Cáncer de recto
Tratamiento quirúrgico

The studies carried out in the last few years have modified the surgical techniques and tactics with respect to the treatment of rectal cancer. Consequently, there is scientific evidence of an improvement in results within specialised groups. The objectives of this study are to describe the various technical options, indications and results to this day, in the treatment of rectal cancer. The treatment of rectal cancer with curative intent can be performed with the various surgical options described below: local resection, anterior resection together with its variants and abdominoperineal resection. Strict selection criteria with special attention to tumour localisation and extent and the patient factor must be maintained. The progress in rectal cancer surgery can be attributed to the adoption of the correct technique for mesorectal excision popularised by Heald. This technique has a local recurrence rate in curative resections below 5%. The adoption of this technique by various work groups has led to a reduction in the local recurrence rate from 19 to 6% with an increase in specialisation and the creation of surgical colorectal units.

Key words:
Rectal cancer
Surgical Treatment
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Copyright © 2003. Asociación Española de Cirujanos
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