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Vol. 74. Issue 3.
Pages 149-154 (September 2003)
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Vol. 74. Issue 3.
Pages 149-154 (September 2003)
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Tromboendovenectomía de eversión en la trombosis organizada de la vena porta durante el trasplante hepático
Eversion thromboendovenectomy for organized portal vein thrombosis during liver transplantation
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Ricardo Robles, Juan Ángel Fernández1
Corresponding author
jumanjico@yahoo.com

Correspondencia: Dr. J.A. Fernández Hernández. Servicio de Cirugía I. Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca. Ctra. Madrid-Cartagena, s/n. 30120 El Palmar (Murcia). España.
, Quiteria Hernández, Caridad Marín, Pablo Ramírez, Francisco Sánchez-Bueno, Juan Antonio Luján, Jose Manuel Rodríguez, Francisco Acosta, Pascual Parrilla
Servicio de Cirugía I. Unidad de Cirugía Hepática y Trasplante Hepático. Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca. El Palmar. Murcia. España
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Resumen
Introducción

Gracias a la experiencia técnica obtenida en el campo del trasplante hepático, la trombosis portal no se considera en la actualidad una contraindicación para el trasplante. Sin embargo, los resultados obtenidos en este grupo de enfermos son en ocasiones subóptimos y, además, la técnica quirúrgica a emplear es controvertida.

Pacientes y método

Entre mayo de 1988 y diciembre de 2001 se han realizado 455 trasplantes hepáticos, de los que 32 (7%) presentaban trombosis de la vena porta. De éstos, ocho pertenecían a los 227 primeros trasplantes (grupo I) y 24 a los restantes 228 (grupo II). De los 32 casos con trombosis portal, 20 (62%) eran de tipo Ib, 7 (22%) de tipo II/III y 5 (16%) de tipo IV. Un total de 22 pacientes eran varones (69%), con una edad media de 50 años (rango, 30-70 años). En 5 casos existían antecedentes de tratamiento quirúrgico de la hipertensión portal. El método quirúrgico consistió, en todos los casos, en una tromboendovenectomía de eversión bajo visión directa con oclusión del flujo portal con balón de Fogarty. Una vez lograda la recanalización se procedió a la heparinización local y anastomosis portal término-terminal. No se efectuó en ningún caso heparinización postoperatoria sistémica.

Resultados

De los 32 casos en que se intentó la trombectomía, ésta se logró en 31 ocasiones (96%), fracasando sólo en un caso de trombosis tipo IV que se resolvió mediante arterialización portal. De los 31 casos realizados con éxito, sólo se observó retrombosis en uno con trombosis de tipo IV. La supervivencia de los enfermos de la serie a los 5 años fue del 69%. Sólo 2 pacientes fallecieron por causas relacionadas con la trombosis y su tratamiento, ambos con trombosis de tipo IV.

Conclusión

El tratamiento idóneo de la trombosis portal durante el trasplante hepático es discutido y depende su extensión y de la experiencia del cirujano. Según nuestra experiencia, la tromboendovenectomía de eversión resuelve la mayoría de la trombosis (tipos I, II y III), pero el manejo de las de tipo IV, ocasionalmente tratables con esta técnica, puede requerir el empleo de técnicas más complejas, como el bypass, la arterialización portal o la hemitransposición cavo-portal.

Palabras clave:
Trombosis portal
Trasplante hepático
Trombectomía
Tromboendovenectomía
Bypass
Injerto
Introduction

Due to experience obtained in liver transplantation, portal vein thrombosis is not currently considered a contraindication to transplantation. However, the results obtained in this group of patients are sometimes suboptimal. Moreover, the most appropriate surgical technique is controversial.

Patients and method

Between May 1988 and December 2001, 455 liver transplantations were performed, of which 32 (7%) presented portal vein thrombosis. Of these, eight occurred in the first 227 transplantations (group I), and 24 occurred in the remaining 228 (group II). Of the 32 patients with portal vein thrombosis, 20 (62%) were type Ib, seven (22%) were type II/III, and five (16%) were type IV. Twentytwo patients (69%) were male, with a mean age of 50 years (range: 30-70 years). Five patients had previously undergone surgery for portal hypertension.

In all patients, the surgical technique consisted of eversion thromboendovenectomy under direct visualization with occlusion of portal flow using Fogarty balloon. After recanalization, local heparinization and termino-terminal portal anastomosis were performed. None of the patients underwent postoperative systemic heparinization.

Results

Of the 32 patients who underwent thrombectomy, the procedure was successful in 31 (96%) and was unsuccessful only in one patient with type IV thrombosis which was resolved through portal arterialization. Of the 31 successful cases, recurrence occurred in only one with type IV thrombosis. Fiveyear survival was 69%. Only two patients died from causes related to thrombosis or its treatment, both of whom had type IV thrombosis.

Conclusion

The ideal treatment for portal thrombosis at the time of liver transplantation is controversial and depends on its extension and the experience of the surgeon. In our experience, eversion thromboendovenectomy resolves most thromboses (types I, II and III), but the management of type IV thrombosis, which can sometimes be treated with this technique, may require more complex techniques such as bypass, portal arterialization or cavo-portal hemitransposition.

Key words:
Portal vein thrombosis
Liver transplantation
Thrombectomy
Thromboendovenectomy
Bypass
Graft
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Copyright © 2003. Asociación Española de Cirujanos
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