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Inicio Cirugía Española Utilidad de la videotoracoscopia en el tratamiento de los derrames pericárdicos
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Vol. 71. Issue 3.
Pages 147-151 (March 2002)
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Vol. 71. Issue 3.
Pages 147-151 (March 2002)
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Utilidad de la videotoracoscopia en el tratamiento de los derrames pericárdicos
Utility of videothoracoscopy in the treatment of pericardial effusions
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J.A. Fernándeza,
,e
Corresponding author
jumanjico@yahoo.com

Dr. J.A. Fernández. Estación, 8, 3.° B. 30500 Molina de Segura. Murcia
, R. Roblesb,*, F. Acosta**, T. Sansano**, A. Piñeroa,*, J.A. Lujána,*, A. Lagec,*, P. Parrillad,*
a FEA
b Catedrático de Cirugía
c Residente de Cirugía
d Catedrático y Jefe de Servicio
* Servicios de Cirugía I
** Servicios de Anestesiología y Reanimación. Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca. Murcia. España
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Article information
Introducción

La técnica de elección en el manejo quirúrgico del derrame pericárdico es todavía discutida. Se han descrito diferentes abordajes (toracotomía, vía subxifoidea y toracoscopia), pero ninguno cumple los objetivos básicos del tratamiento quirúrgico de esta patología: resolución inmediata del derrame con tasas de recurrencia nulas, alta capacidad diagnóstica y bajas tasas de morbimortalidad. El objetivo de este estudio es describir la utilidad de la videotoracoscopia en el manejo de los derrames pericárdicos

Pacientes y métodos

Un total de 32 derrames pericárdicos fueron drenados mediante una pericardiectomía parcial videotoracoscópica; 9 casos fueron de origen urémico, 9 neoplásicos, 9 idiopáticos, 3 de pospericardiotomía y 2 de origen infeccioso. Se tomaron nuestras del derrame, del pericardio y de cualquier otra lesión relevante para su estudio postoperatorio

Resultados

No hubo mortalidad intraoperatoria. Tres pacientes murieron en el primer mes postoperatorio, uno por neumonía y otros dos por shock séptico no relacionado con el procedimiento quirúrgico. La morbilidad postoperatoria fue del 6% (dos casos de derrames pleurales). En los 23 restantes, y tras un período medio de seguimiento de 29 meses, ningún derrame recurrió. Durante el seguimiento a largo plazo de estos pacientes, 6 fallecieron por evolución de la enfermedad neoplásica subyacente. Por otra parte, la técnica nos permitió identificar la etiología de dos derrames inicialmente clasificados como idiopáticos

Conclusiones

La viodeotoracoscopia es una técnica adecuada en el manejo del derrame pericárdico debido a su combinación de alta capacidad diagnóstica, alta efectividad y bajas tasas de recurrencia y morbimortalidad

Palabras clave:
Derrame pericárdico
Pericardiectomía
Videotoracoscopia
Introduction

The technique of choice in pericardial effusions remains controversial. Several approaches have been described (thoracotomy, the subxiphoid approach and thoracoscopy) but none of these achieves the basic aims of surgical treatment of this problem: immediate resolution of the effusion with a near zero recurrence rate, high etiologic diagnostic potential and low rates of morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to describe the utility of videothoracoscopy in the management of pericardial effusions

Patients and methods

Thirty-two pericardial effusions were drained by video-thorascopic partial pericardiectomy. Nine cases were uremic, nine were of malignant etiology, nine were idiopathic, three occurred after pericardiotomy and two were infectious. Samples were taken of effusions, pericardium, and of any other relevant lesions for postoperative study

Results

There was no intraoperative mortality. Three patients died in the first postoperative month, one secondary to pneumonia and the other two secondary to sepsis and multiorgan failure unrelated to the surgical procedure. Postoperative morbidity was 6% (two cases of pleural effusion). The technique enabled identification of the etiology of two effusions initially considered idiopathic

Conclusions

Due to its combination of high etiologic diagnostic potential and low rates of recurrence, morbidity and mortality, videothoracoscopy is an effective technique in the management of pericardial effusions

Key words:
Pericardial effusions
Pericardiectomy
Videothoracoscopy
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Copyright © 2002. Asociación Española de Cirujanos
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