metricas
covid
Buscar en
Cirugía Española (English Edition)
Toda la web
Inicio Cirugía Española (English Edition) Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy Technique in Colon Cancer. Experience in 125 Cases
Journal Information

Statistics

Follow this link to access the full text of the article

Original Article
Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy Technique in Colon Cancer. Experience in 125 Cases
Técnica del ganglio centinela en el cáncer de colon. Experiencia en 125 casos
José Domingo Sardón Ramosa,e,
Corresponding author
mcuadracestafe@wanadoo.es

Corresponding author.
, José Errasti Alustizaa,e, Eugenia Campo Cimarrasa,e, Baltasar Cermeño Torala, José Antonio Romeo Ramíreza, Jaione Sáenz de Ugarte Sobróna, Begoña Atares Pueyob, Virginia Moreno Nietob, María Cuadra Cestafec, Erika Miranda Serranod
a Servicio de Cirugía General, Hospital Universitario de Álava - Txagorritxu, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
b Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Universitario de Álava - Txagorritxu, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
c Servicio de Ginecología y Obstetricia, Hospital Universitario de Álava - Txagorritxu, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
d Unidad de Investigación de Álava, Hospital Universitario de Álava - Txagorritxu, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
e Unidad Docente de Medicina de Vitoria, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
Read
4918
Times
was read the article
1027
Total PDF
3891
Total HTML
Share statistics
 array:24 [
  "pii" => "S2173507713001932"
  "issn" => "21735077"
  "doi" => "10.1016/j.cireng.2013.10.036"
  "estado" => "S300"
  "fechaPublicacion" => "2013-06-01"
  "aid" => "1021"
  "copyright" => "AEC"
  "copyrightAnyo" => "2012"
  "documento" => "article"
  "crossmark" => 0
  "subdocumento" => "fla"
  "cita" => "Cir Esp. 2013;91:366-71"
  "abierto" => array:3 [
    "ES" => true
    "ES2" => true
    "LATM" => true
  ]
  "gratuito" => true
  "lecturas" => array:2 [
    "total" => 1786
    "formatos" => array:3 [
      "EPUB" => 15
      "HTML" => 1273
      "PDF" => 498
    ]
  ]
  "Traduccion" => array:1 [
    "es" => array:19 [
      "pii" => "S0009739X13000067"
      "issn" => "0009739X"
      "doi" => "10.1016/j.ciresp.2012.11.006"
      "estado" => "S300"
      "fechaPublicacion" => "2013-06-01"
      "aid" => "1021"
      "copyright" => "AEC"
      "documento" => "article"
      "crossmark" => 0
      "subdocumento" => "fla"
      "cita" => "Cir Esp. 2013;91:366-71"
      "abierto" => array:3 [
        "ES" => true
        "ES2" => true
        "LATM" => true
      ]
      "gratuito" => true
      "lecturas" => array:2 [
        "total" => 4491
        "formatos" => array:3 [
          "EPUB" => 11
          "HTML" => 3877
          "PDF" => 603
        ]
      ]
      "es" => array:12 [
        "idiomaDefecto" => true
        "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Original</span>"
        "titulo" => "T&#233;cnica del ganglio centinela en el c&#225;ncer de colon&#46; Experiencia en 125 casos"
        "tienePdf" => "es"
        "tieneTextoCompleto" => "es"
        "tieneResumen" => array:2 [
          0 => "es"
          1 => "en"
        ]
        "paginas" => array:1 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "paginaInicial" => "366"
            "paginaFinal" => "371"
          ]
        ]
        "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
          "en" => array:1 [
            "titulo" => "Sentinel lymph node biopsy technique in colon cancer&#46; Experience in 125 cases"
          ]
        ]
        "contieneResumen" => array:2 [
          "es" => true
          "en" => true
        ]
        "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [
          "es" => true
        ]
        "contienePdf" => array:1 [
          "es" => true
        ]
        "autores" => array:1 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "autoresLista" => "Jos&#233; Domingo Sard&#243;n Ramos, Jos&#233; Errasti Alustiza, Eugenia Campo Cimarras, Baltasar Cerme&#241;o Toral, Jos&#233; Antonio Romeo Ram&#237;rez, Jaione S&#225;enz de Ugarte Sobr&#243;n, Bego&#241;a Atares Pueyo, Virginia Moreno Nieto, Mar&#237;a Cuadra Cestafe, Erika Miranda Serrano"
            "autores" => array:10 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "nombre" => "Jos&#233; Domingo"
                "apellidos" => "Sard&#243;n Ramos"
              ]
              1 => array:2 [
                "nombre" => "Jos&#233;"
                "apellidos" => "Errasti Alustiza"
              ]
              2 => array:2 [
                "nombre" => "Eugenia"
                "apellidos" => "Campo Cimarras"
              ]
              3 => array:2 [
                "nombre" => "Baltasar"
                "apellidos" => "Cerme&#241;o Toral"
              ]
              4 => array:2 [
                "nombre" => "Jos&#233; Antonio"
                "apellidos" => "Romeo Ram&#237;rez"
              ]
              5 => array:2 [
                "nombre" => "Jaione"
                "apellidos" => "S&#225;enz de Ugarte Sobr&#243;n"
              ]
              6 => array:2 [
                "nombre" => "Bego&#241;a"
                "apellidos" => "Atares Pueyo"
              ]
              7 => array:2 [
                "nombre" => "Virginia"
                "apellidos" => "Moreno Nieto"
              ]
              8 => array:2 [
                "nombre" => "Mar&#237;a"
                "apellidos" => "Cuadra Cestafe"
              ]
              9 => array:2 [
                "nombre" => "Erika"
                "apellidos" => "Miranda Serrano"
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "idiomaDefecto" => "es"
      "Traduccion" => array:1 [
        "en" => array:9 [
          "pii" => "S2173507713001932"
          "doi" => "10.1016/j.cireng.2013.10.036"
          "estado" => "S300"
          "subdocumento" => ""
          "abierto" => array:3 [
            "ES" => true
            "ES2" => true
            "LATM" => true
          ]
          "gratuito" => true
          "lecturas" => array:1 [
            "total" => 0
          ]
          "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
          "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2173507713001932?idApp=UINPBA00004N"
        ]
      ]
      "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0009739X13000067?idApp=UINPBA00004N"
      "url" => "/0009739X/0000009100000006/v1_201306181545/S0009739X13000067/v1_201306181545/es/main.assets"
    ]
  ]
  "itemSiguiente" => array:19 [
    "pii" => "S2173507713001919"
    "issn" => "21735077"
    "doi" => "10.1016/j.cireng.2013.10.034"
    "estado" => "S300"
    "fechaPublicacion" => "2013-06-01"
    "aid" => "1011"
    "copyright" => "AEC"
    "documento" => "article"
    "crossmark" => 0
    "subdocumento" => "fla"
    "cita" => "Cir Esp. 2013;91:372-7"
    "abierto" => array:3 [
      "ES" => true
      "ES2" => true
      "LATM" => true
    ]
    "gratuito" => true
    "lecturas" => array:2 [
      "total" => 2210
      "formatos" => array:3 [
        "EPUB" => 13
        "HTML" => 1738
        "PDF" => 459
      ]
    ]
    "en" => array:12 [
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
      "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Original Article</span>"
      "titulo" => "A Comparison of Laparoscopic Versus Open Repair for the Surgical Treatment of Perforated Peptic Ulcers"
      "tienePdf" => "en"
      "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en"
      "tieneResumen" => array:2 [
        0 => "en"
        1 => "es"
      ]
      "paginas" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "paginaInicial" => "372"
          "paginaFinal" => "377"
        ]
      ]
      "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
        "es" => array:1 [
          "titulo" => "Tratamiento quir&#250;rgico de la &#250;lcera p&#233;ptica perforada&#58; comparaci&#243;n entre los abordajes laparosc&#243;pico y abierto"
        ]
      ]
      "contieneResumen" => array:2 [
        "en" => true
        "es" => true
      ]
      "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [
        "en" => true
      ]
      "contienePdf" => array:1 [
        "en" => true
      ]
      "autores" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "autoresLista" => "Gerardo Dom&#237;nguez-Vega, Manuel Pera, Jos&#233; M&#46; Ram&#243;n, Sonia Puig, Estela Membrilla, Joan Sancho, Luis Grande"
          "autores" => array:7 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Gerardo"
              "apellidos" => "Dom&#237;nguez-Vega"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Manuel"
              "apellidos" => "Pera"
            ]
            2 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Jos&#233; M&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Ram&#243;n"
            ]
            3 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Sonia"
              "apellidos" => "Puig"
            ]
            4 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Estela"
              "apellidos" => "Membrilla"
            ]
            5 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Joan"
              "apellidos" => "Sancho"
            ]
            6 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Luis"
              "apellidos" => "Grande"
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
    "Traduccion" => array:1 [
      "es" => array:9 [
        "pii" => "S0009739X12003922"
        "doi" => "10.1016/j.ciresp.2012.10.016"
        "estado" => "S300"
        "subdocumento" => ""
        "abierto" => array:3 [
          "ES" => true
          "ES2" => true
          "LATM" => true
        ]
        "gratuito" => true
        "lecturas" => array:1 [
          "total" => 0
        ]
        "idiomaDefecto" => "es"
        "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0009739X12003922?idApp=UINPBA00004N"
      ]
    ]
    "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2173507713001919?idApp=UINPBA00004N"
    "url" => "/21735077/0000009100000006/v1_201312060036/S2173507713001919/v1_201312060036/en/main.assets"
  ]
  "itemAnterior" => array:19 [
    "pii" => "S2173507713001828"
    "issn" => "21735077"
    "doi" => "10.1016/j.cireng.2013.10.025"
    "estado" => "S300"
    "fechaPublicacion" => "2013-06-01"
    "aid" => "1019"
    "copyright" => "AEC"
    "documento" => "article"
    "crossmark" => 0
    "subdocumento" => "fla"
    "cita" => "Cir Esp. 2013;91:361-5"
    "abierto" => array:3 [
      "ES" => true
      "ES2" => true
      "LATM" => true
    ]
    "gratuito" => true
    "lecturas" => array:2 [
      "total" => 1361
      "formatos" => array:3 [
        "EPUB" => 16
        "HTML" => 953
        "PDF" => 392
      ]
    ]
    "en" => array:12 [
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
      "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Original Article</span>"
      "titulo" => "Diagnostic Yield of Pancreatic Percutaneous Puncture Depending on the Size of the Lesion"
      "tienePdf" => "en"
      "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en"
      "tieneResumen" => array:2 [
        0 => "en"
        1 => "es"
      ]
      "paginas" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "paginaInicial" => "361"
          "paginaFinal" => "365"
        ]
      ]
      "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
        "es" => array:1 [
          "titulo" => "Rentabilidad diagn&#243;stica de la punci&#243;n percut&#225;nea pancre&#225;tica en funci&#243;n del tama&#241;o de la lesi&#243;n"
        ]
      ]
      "contieneResumen" => array:2 [
        "en" => true
        "es" => true
      ]
      "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [
        "en" => true
      ]
      "contienePdf" => array:1 [
        "en" => true
      ]
      "autores" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "autoresLista" => "Carlos Fortea-Sanchis, Luis G&#243;mez-Quiles, David Mart&#237;nez-Ramos, Javier Escrig Sos, Gabriel Alejandro Paiva-Coronel, Raquel Queralt-Mart&#237;n, &#193;lvaro Villar&#237;n-Rodr&#237;guez, Laura Granel-Villach, Jos&#233; Luis Salvador-Sanchis"
          "autores" => array:9 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Carlos"
              "apellidos" => "Fortea-Sanchis"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Luis"
              "apellidos" => "G&#243;mez-Quiles"
            ]
            2 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "David"
              "apellidos" => "Mart&#237;nez-Ramos"
            ]
            3 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Javier"
              "apellidos" => "Escrig Sos"
            ]
            4 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Gabriel Alejandro"
              "apellidos" => "Paiva-Coronel"
            ]
            5 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Raquel"
              "apellidos" => "Queralt-Mart&#237;n"
            ]
            6 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "&#193;lvaro"
              "apellidos" => "Villar&#237;n-Rodr&#237;guez"
            ]
            7 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Laura"
              "apellidos" => "Granel-Villach"
            ]
            8 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Jos&#233; Luis"
              "apellidos" => "Salvador-Sanchis"
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
    "Traduccion" => array:1 [
      "es" => array:9 [
        "pii" => "S0009739X13000043"
        "doi" => "10.1016/j.ciresp.2012.10.019"
        "estado" => "S300"
        "subdocumento" => ""
        "abierto" => array:3 [
          "ES" => true
          "ES2" => true
          "LATM" => true
        ]
        "gratuito" => true
        "lecturas" => array:1 [
          "total" => 0
        ]
        "idiomaDefecto" => "es"
        "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0009739X13000043?idApp=UINPBA00004N"
      ]
    ]
    "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2173507713001828?idApp=UINPBA00004N"
    "url" => "/21735077/0000009100000006/v1_201312060036/S2173507713001828/v1_201312060036/en/main.assets"
  ]
  "en" => array:19 [
    "idiomaDefecto" => true
    "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Original Article</span>"
    "titulo" => "Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy Technique in Colon Cancer&#46; Experience in 125 Cases"
    "tieneTextoCompleto" => true
    "paginas" => array:1 [
      0 => array:2 [
        "paginaInicial" => "366"
        "paginaFinal" => "371"
      ]
    ]
    "autores" => array:1 [
      0 => array:4 [
        "autoresLista" => "Jos&#233; Domingo Sard&#243;n Ramos, Jos&#233; Errasti Alustiza, Eugenia Campo Cimarras, Baltasar Cerme&#241;o Toral, Jos&#233; Antonio Romeo Ram&#237;rez, Jaione S&#225;enz de Ugarte Sobr&#243;n, Bego&#241;a Atares Pueyo, Virginia Moreno Nieto, Mar&#237;a Cuadra Cestafe, Erika Miranda Serrano"
        "autores" => array:10 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "nombre" => "Jos&#233; Domingo"
            "apellidos" => "Sard&#243;n Ramos"
            "email" => array:1 [
              0 => "mcuadracestafe&#64;wanadoo&#46;es"
            ]
            "referencia" => array:3 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0005"
              ]
              1 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">e</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0025"
              ]
              2 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">¿</span>"
                "identificador" => "cor0005"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          1 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "Jos&#233;"
            "apellidos" => "Errasti Alustiza"
            "referencia" => array:2 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0005"
              ]
              1 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">e</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0025"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          2 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "Eugenia"
            "apellidos" => "Campo Cimarras"
            "referencia" => array:2 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0005"
              ]
              1 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">e</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0025"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          3 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "Baltasar"
            "apellidos" => "Cerme&#241;o Toral"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0005"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          4 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "Jos&#233; Antonio"
            "apellidos" => "Romeo Ram&#237;rez"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0005"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          5 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "Jaione"
            "apellidos" => "S&#225;enz de Ugarte Sobr&#243;n"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0005"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          6 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "Bego&#241;a"
            "apellidos" => "Atares Pueyo"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0010"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          7 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "Virginia"
            "apellidos" => "Moreno Nieto"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0010"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          8 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "Mar&#237;a"
            "apellidos" => "Cuadra Cestafe"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0015"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          9 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "Erika"
            "apellidos" => "Miranda Serrano"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">d</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0020"
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "afiliaciones" => array:5 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "entidad" => "Servicio de Cirug&#237;a General&#44; Hospital Universitario de &#193;lava - Txagorritxu&#44; Vitoria-Gasteiz&#44; Spain"
            "etiqueta" => "a"
            "identificador" => "aff0005"
          ]
          1 => array:3 [
            "entidad" => "Servicio de Anatom&#237;a Patol&#243;gica&#44; Hospital Universitario de &#193;lava - Txagorritxu&#44; Vitoria-Gasteiz&#44; Spain"
            "etiqueta" => "b"
            "identificador" => "aff0010"
          ]
          2 => array:3 [
            "entidad" => "Servicio de Ginecolog&#237;a y Obstetricia&#44; Hospital Universitario de &#193;lava - Txagorritxu&#44; Vitoria-Gasteiz&#44; Spain"
            "etiqueta" => "c"
            "identificador" => "aff0015"
          ]
          3 => array:3 [
            "entidad" => "Unidad de Investigaci&#243;n de &#193;lava&#44; Hospital Universitario de &#193;lava - Txagorritxu&#44; Vitoria-Gasteiz&#44; Spain"
            "etiqueta" => "d"
            "identificador" => "aff0020"
          ]
          4 => array:3 [
            "entidad" => "Unidad Docente de Medicina de Vitoria&#44; Universidad del Pa&#237;s Vasco &#40;UPV&#47;EHU&#41;&#44; Vitoria-Gasteiz&#44; Spain"
            "etiqueta" => "e"
            "identificador" => "aff0025"
          ]
        ]
        "correspondencia" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "cor0005"
            "etiqueta" => "&#8270;"
            "correspondencia" => "<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Corresponding author</span>&#46;"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
      "es" => array:1 [
        "titulo" => "T&#233;cnica del ganglio centinela en el c&#225;ncer de colon&#46; Experiencia en 125 casos"
      ]
    ]
    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0065">Introduction</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Tumour staging with an accurate evaluation of lymph node metastases is the most important prognostic factor in colorectal cancer &#40;CRC&#41;&#46; Patients have different survival rates based on TNM staging&#46; Thus&#44; the early stages &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">I</span> and <span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">II</span>&#41; have survival rates between 82&#37; and 93&#37;&#44; while survival decreases to 59&#37; at 5 years in the presence of lymph node metastases &#40;stage <span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">III</span>&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a></p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Fifty per cent of patients with CRC are diagnosed in the early stages without lymph node metastases and are being treated with potentially curative surgery&#46; However&#44; 20&#37;&#8211;30&#37; will die of their disease within 5 years&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> This high percentage can be explained in part by the understaging of these patients due to an insufficient lymph node yield&#46; We should note that chemotherapy in patients with lymph node infiltration has improved the survival&#44; decreasing mortality by more than 30&#37;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a></p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The American Joint Committee on Cancer &#40;AJCC&#41; recommends studying at least 12 lymph nodes for correct staging&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> Intensive study techniques to determine lymph node involvement are being advanced to improve the staging of CRC patients&#46; However&#44; the large number of resources needed to implement such studies in all lymph nodes makes them unfeasible&#46;</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The sentinel lymph node &#40;SLN&#41; concept is based on the way tumour cells spread <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">via</span> the lymphatic drainage from the primary tumour site to the first lymph node&#46; Thus&#44; the SLN is at greatest risk for metastasis and identifying it can better predict the nodal status of the patient&#46; SLN identification allows the use of intensive study techniques more efficiently&#46; The main aim of this study is to determine the efficacy of the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">ex vivo</span> SLN dye technique in colon cancer &#40;CC&#41; staging&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0070">Materials and Methods</span><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This is a cross-sectional&#44; crossover&#44; single-centre study to determine the efficacy of SLN study in the staging of CC&#46; One hundred twenty five patients from the Txagorritxu-&#193;lava University Hospital were included in the study&#46; A prospective cohort was selected between September 2009 and December 2011&#59; it included all cases without randomisation&#46; Diagnosis was made using colonoscopy&#44; abdominal and pelvic CT scans and chest radiography&#46; The SLN technique was performed by 5 surgeons with previous experience with using the technique for CC &#40;up to 10 cases per surgeon&#41;&#46; Patient inclusion criteria were as follows&#58; CC&#44; elective surgery&#44; curative surgery&#44; and being over 18 years of age&#46; The exclusion criteria included Stage <span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">IV</span>cancer&#44; urgent and palliative surgery&#44; and rectal cancer&#46;</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Additionally&#44; a comparative study with a control sample was conducted in which only a conventional pathologic examination was performed &#40;single haematoxylin&#8211;eosin section&#41;&#46; This group comprised 170 patients consecutively operated on between June 2006 and February 2009&#46; All of the patients were operated on by the same surgeons and met the same inclusion criteria as those in the SLN study&#46; The pathology examination was not performed by the same pathologists who studied specimens in the SLN technique group&#46; The information required for this group of patients was obtained <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">via</span> medical records review&#46;</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The primary endpoint was a staging change resulting from the SLN study&#46; Other variables were the age and sex of the patient&#44; the location and T and N tumour classification&#44; the total number of lymph nodes and number of SLNs&#44; the number of infiltrated lymph nodes according to the conventional study and the SLN study&#44; and the type of involvement&#46;</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The procedures comply with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki of 1964&#44; as amended in 2008 in Seoul&#46; This study was approved by the Clinical Research Ethics Committee of the Txagorritxu-&#193;lava University Hospital&#46;</p><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0075">Sentinel Lymph Node Identification</span><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">SLN identification was performed <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">ex vivo</span> after resection of the surgical specimen&#46; We infiltrated 1&#8211;2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mL of methylene blue peritumourally and into the subserosa&#44; depending on the tumour size&#46; We performed a massage for 5&#8211;10<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>min to spread the dye through the lymph channels and dye the lymph nodes&#46; Mesocolon dissection started near the tumour&#44; following the dye-stained paths&#46; We considered the SLNs to be the first 1&#8211;4 dyed lymph nodes and those through which a dyed lymphatic duct directly and clearly reaches the lymph node without becoming dyed itself&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a></p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080">Intensive Study of the Sentinel Lymph Node</span><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Two-mm thick sections were prepared&#44; and a single section was prepared for lymph nodes under 5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm&#46; After fixation in 4&#37; buffered formalin for 24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h&#44; six 4-&#956;m sections were prepared&#46; Haematoxylin&#8211;eosin and immunohistochemistry &#40;cytokeratin monoclonal antibody CAM 5&#46;2&#41; staining techniques were sequentially applied&#44; so that three sections were studied with each technique&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0085">Interpretation of the Anatomopathological Findings</span><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">According to the AJCC<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> classification&#44; we considered <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">metastasis</span> an involvement greater than 2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">micro-metastases</span> involvements from 2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm to 0&#46;2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm&#44; and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">tumour groups of colonies and isolated cells</span> those equal or less than 0&#46;2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm&#46; The presence of metastases and micro-metastases modified staging&#44; as pN1 and pN1mi was considered&#44; respectively&#46; Lesions 0&#46;2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm or smaller did not change staging and were considered pN0 &#40;i&#43;&#41;&#46; The remaining nodes were conventionally studied using single section and haematoxylin&#8211;eosin staining&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0090">Statistical Analysis</span><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Quantitative variables were described by means and standard deviations&#44; and categorical variables were described as frequencies and percentages&#46; The similarity of the samples was checked using Student&#39;s t-test and the chi-squared test&#46; The latter test was also used to compare the proportion of infiltrated lymph nodes and overstaging&#46; The validity of the diagnostic test was analysed to obtain sensitivity and specificity and confidence intervals and compare them to those of the gold standard &#40;conventional lymph node study&#41;&#46; Statistical significance was set at P&#62;&#46;05&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0095">Results</span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0100">Group Studied Using the Sentinel Lymph Node Technique</span><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">SLN identification was accomplished in 122 &#40;97&#46;6&#37;&#41; of the 125 patients&#44; and technique failure was determined in 2&#46;4&#37; of the cases&#46; The SLN study detected infiltration in 36 &#40;29&#46;5&#37;&#41; of the 122 patients &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>&#41;&#46; SLN predicted total lymph node status in 115 of the 122 cases&#44; so that test accuracy was 93&#46;4&#37; &#40;95&#37; CI&#58; 89&#46;1&#37;&#8211;97&#46;8&#37;&#41;&#44; sensitivity was 83&#46;3&#37; &#40;95&#37; CI&#58; 72&#46;1&#37;&#8211;94&#46;6&#37;&#41;&#44; and specificity was 98&#46;8&#37; &#40;95&#37; CI&#58; 96&#46;3&#37;&#8211;100&#37;&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The SLN study detected lymph node metastases in 18 of the 25 patients who showed metastases in the conventional study &#40;lymph node &#43;&#41; &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a>&#41;&#46; Thus&#44; 7 of 122 patients had no SLN metastases and had at least one other affected lymph node&#46; Therefore&#44; the false negative rate was 5&#46;7&#37;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The SLN study detected lymph node metastases in 18 &#40;18&#46;6&#37;&#41; of the 97 patients who showed no metastases in the conventional study &#40;lymph node &#8722;&#59; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a>&#41;&#46; The intensive study of the sentinel lymph node in 18 patients detected metastases in 12&#44; micro-metastases in 5 and isolated tumour cells &#40;ITC&#41; in one patient&#46; Thus&#44; an upstaging in this group was 18&#46;6&#37; using the SLN technique&#46;</p><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Comparison between the sentinel lymph node technique group and the conventional study group&#46;</p><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">Table 3</a> shows the homogeneity of the two groups compared&#44; where the surgical approach is the only difference between the two samples&#46; In the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">control group</span> &#40;conventionally studied&#41;&#44; we detected lymph node metastases in 33 &#40;19&#46;4&#37;&#41; of 170 patients &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0020">Table 4</a>&#41;&#44; while in the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">SLN study group</span>&#44; we detected lymph node infiltration in 42 &#40;33&#46;6&#37;&#41; of 125 patients&#46; That is&#44; the SLN study found 14&#46;2&#37; more patients with lymph node infiltration&#44; a difference that was statistically significant&#46; Therefore&#44; the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">upstaging</span> achieved by the SLN technique was 14&#46;2&#37;&#46; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0020">Table 4</a> shows that in the group studied with the SLN technique&#44; the SLN study alone detected lymph node involvement in 36 &#40;29&#46;5&#37;&#41; of the 125 patients&#46; This represents 10&#37; more patients with lymph node infiltration compared to the control group &#40;19&#46;4&#37;&#41;&#46; In contrast&#44; the conventional study detected an almost identical percentage of patients with lymph node metastases in the 2 groups &#40;19&#46;4&#37; and 20&#37;&#44; respectively&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0015"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0020"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A mean of 20&#46;5 lymph nodes &#40;range&#58; 3&#8211;58&#41; were extracted in the SLN study group&#44; while the mean was 15&#46;5 nodes in the control group &#40;range&#58; 0&#8211;62&#41;&#44; a difference that was statistically significant &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&#60;&#46;001&#41;&#46; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0025">Table 5</a> shows that in the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">SLN study group</span>&#44; lymph node infiltration was detected in 169 &#40;6&#46;6&#37;&#41; of 2559 nodes examined&#44; while in the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">control group</span>&#44; we detected metastases in 131 &#40;4&#46;9&#37;&#41; of the 2630 nodes found&#46; Thus&#44; a higher percentage of infiltrated lymph nodes were detected in the SLN study group than in the conventional study used for the control group&#44; and the difference was statistically significant &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&#61;&#46;012&#41;&#46; The conventional study detected a similar percentage of infiltrated lymph nodes for the 2 groups &#40;4&#46;9&#37; and 5&#46;1&#37;&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0025"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In addition&#44; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0025">Table 5</a> shows the difference in lymph node involvement in the SLN study group&#46; The study of 353 SLNs detected more lymph node involvement than the conventional study of 2206 non-sentinel lymph nodes&#44; a difference that was statistically significant &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&#60;&#46;001&#41;&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0105">Discussion</span><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Lymph node involvement is the single most important prognostic factor in CRC&#46; Studies<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6&#8211;9</span></a> show that survival increased when the number of studied lymph nodes increased&#44; especially when those lymph nodes were negative&#46; Proper staging of CRC includes identifying at least 12 lymph nodes&#59; a smaller number may assume understaging and lead to a poorer prognosis&#44; as the patient will not benefit from adjuvant therapy&#46;</p><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The number of lymph nodes detected in the surgical specimen depends on multiple factors&#44; including pathologic study limitations&#46; The intrinsic difficulty of the technique is added to the fact that 70&#37; of infiltrated lymph nodes are smaller than 5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm and are likely not to be detected&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a> Furthermore&#44; the study by single section allows the analysis of only 1&#37; of lymph node tissue&#44; so that small tumour lesions with a subcapsular location can remain undetected&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a></p><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The SLN technique identifies a lymph node that can reliably predict the patient&#39;s nodal status&#44; allowing them to be studied using intensive techniques without significant resource consumption&#46; Numerous studies<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4&#44;11&#8211;14</span></a> offer overstaging results of 10&#37;&#8211;20&#37; with the use of immunohistochemical and molecular biology &#40;reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction &#91;RT-PCR&#93;&#41; techniques&#46; Performing multiple sections improves staging up to 9&#37;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0075"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15</span></a></p><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The use of radioisotopes is standard in breast cancer and melanoma&#46; However&#44; the use of a dye has been reported as a good alternative&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0080"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16</span></a> From our point of view&#44; the dye technique is simpler because it does not require collaboration with other services&#44; such as nuclear medicine and gastroenterology&#46; Furthermore&#44; we avoid the risks of a colonoscopy&#44; which is necessary to infiltrate the radiotracer&#46; Therefore&#44; and given the absence of studies confirming that the use of radiotracers achieves better results&#44; we believe that the use of dyes such as methylene blue is the best SLN study technique in CRC&#46;</p><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Aberrant lymphatic drainage and improved lymphatic circulation when the surgical specimen has not yet been resected are arguments in favour of the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">in vivo</span> technique&#46; The first assumes the existence of nodal metastases outside the boundaries of standard resection&#46; However&#44; the frequency of such metastases is low&#44; ranging between 2&#37; and 8&#37;&#44; and quite a few groups cannot even detect it&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0085"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17&#44;18</span></a> Regarding lymphatic drainage in the excised surgical specimen&#44; experience with breast cancer and melanoma confirms that massaging the infiltrated area allows proper dye spread <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">via</span> the lymphatic circulation&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0095"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19</span></a> In addition&#44; surgical resection disrupts the neurological mechanism that regulates the constriction of the lymphatic channels&#44; thus facilitating lymphatic circulation&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0100"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20</span></a></p><p id="par0125" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In 2001&#44; Wong et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0105"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21</span></a> published the first large series of patients studied <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">ex vivo</span> using the SLN technique&#46; The results obtained in this study and in others published later are similar to those achieved when using the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">in vivo</span> technique&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0100"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20&#8211;23</span></a> As arguments for the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">ex vivo</span> technique&#44; we could say that it prevents the risk of perforation and the spread of tumour cells caused by tumour manipulation and prevents anaphylactic reaction to contrast&#44; without modifying the surgical procedure&#44; and it allows the procedure to be performed by a surgeon who is not directly involved in the specific intervention&#44; thus requiring a shorter learning curve&#46; Moreover&#44; from our perspective&#44; the technique&#39;s main advantage is its simplicity&#44; which is especially important for large tumours or those localised in the rectum and for laparoscopic surgery&#46; Thus&#44; groups that commonly use the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">in vivo</span> technique can use the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">ex vivo</span> procedure in the above-mentioned cases&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0120"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">24&#44;25</span></a></p><p id="par0130" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">SLN identification rate</span> varies between 58&#37; and 100&#37; with most authors<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0100"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20&#8211;27</span></a> reporting values above 95&#37;&#44; while the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">false negative rate</span> is between 0&#37; and 10&#37;&#46; These results depend mainly on the experience of the team performing the procedure and the amount of infiltrated dye&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0065"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></a> The type of technique&#44; either <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">in vivo</span> or <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">ex vivo</span> and using either a radiotracer or dye&#44; does not seem to influence these results&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0100"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20&#44;28</span></a> In breast cancer&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">validation</span> parameters recommend at least a 95&#37; SLN identification rate and a 5&#37; or lower false negative rate&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0145"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">29</span></a> The learning curve for the SLN technique in CRC is unknown&#44; but it appears to be lower than in breast cancer&#44; which requires 5&#8211;10 cases per surgeon&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0150"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">30&#44;31</span></a> Our study was conducted by surgeons with previous experience of 10 cases&#44; and we achieved SLN identification in 98&#37; of cases and a false negative rate of almost 5&#37;&#46;</p><p id="par0135" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Upstaging</span> in our study was 14&#37; compared with the conventionally studied control group&#46; This value is comparable to those reported by groups with more experience&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11&#8211;14&#44;27</span></a> The conventional pathological study detected a similar percentage of infiltrated lymph nodes in the 2 groups &#40;4&#46;9&#37; and 5&#46;1&#37;&#41;&#46; Therefore&#44; the upstaging achieved in the SLN study group can be attributed to the SLN technique&#46; We emphasise that the SLN study&#39;s aim is not to change surgery and avoid lymphadenectomy&#46; Thus&#44; we managed to recover the cases responsible for the false negative rate of the conventional study&#46; The combined pathological study benefits from the upstaging of the SLN study&#44; while the conventional study addresses false negatives&#46;</p><p id="par0140" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We want to remark that the conventional study of the 2 groups detected a similar percentage of infiltrated nodes&#44; so that the greatest total number of infiltrated lymph nodes detected in the SLN group can be attributed to the SLN technique &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0025">Table 5</a>&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0145" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We end by stating that the predictive value of lymph node micro-metastases in CC survival is unclear&#44; and studies with longer follow-ups of these patients are needed&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0160"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">32&#44;33</span></a></p><p id="par0150" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">conclude</span> that the SLN technique with methylene blue performed <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">ex vivo</span> predicts nodal status in patients with CC&#46; The SLN technique achieves upstaging and classifies as stage <span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">III&#44;</span> patients who conventional study would have classified as Stage 0&#44; I and <span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">II</span>&#46; This increase in staging allows these patients access to a chemotherapy treatment that could improve their prognosis&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0050" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0110">Conflict of interest</span><p id="par0155" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest&#46;</p></span></span>"
    "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [
      "secciones" => array:10 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "xres296761"
          "titulo" => array:5 [
            0 => "Abstract"
            1 => "Introduction"
            2 => "Materials and methods"
            3 => "Results"
            4 => "Conclusions"
          ]
        ]
        1 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec280382"
          "titulo" => "Keywords"
        ]
        2 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "xres296760"
          "titulo" => array:5 [
            0 => "Resumen"
            1 => "Introducci&#243;n"
            2 => "Material y m&#233;todos"
            3 => "Resultados"
            4 => "Conclusiones"
          ]
        ]
        3 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec280383"
          "titulo" => "Palabras clave"
        ]
        4 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0005"
          "titulo" => "Introduction"
        ]
        5 => array:3 [
          "identificador" => "sec0010"
          "titulo" => "Materials and Methods"
          "secciones" => array:4 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "sec0015"
              "titulo" => "Sentinel Lymph Node Identification"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "sec0020"
              "titulo" => "Intensive Study of the Sentinel Lymph Node"
            ]
            2 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "sec0025"
              "titulo" => "Interpretation of the Anatomopathological Findings"
            ]
            3 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "sec0030"
              "titulo" => "Statistical Analysis"
            ]
          ]
        ]
        6 => array:3 [
          "identificador" => "sec0035"
          "titulo" => "Results"
          "secciones" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "sec0040"
              "titulo" => "Group Studied Using the Sentinel Lymph Node Technique"
            ]
          ]
        ]
        7 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0045"
          "titulo" => "Discussion"
        ]
        8 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0050"
          "titulo" => "Conflict of interest"
        ]
        9 => array:1 [
          "titulo" => "References"
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf"
    "tienePdf" => true
    "fechaRecibido" => "2012-07-31"
    "fechaAceptado" => "2012-11-04"
    "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [
      "en" => array:1 [
        0 => array:4 [
          "clase" => "keyword"
          "titulo" => "Keywords"
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec280382"
          "palabras" => array:5 [
            0 => "Sentinel lymph node"
            1 => "<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Ex vivo</span> technique"
            2 => "Methylene blue"
            3 => "Colon cancer"
            4 => "Upstaging"
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "es" => array:1 [
        0 => array:4 [
          "clase" => "keyword"
          "titulo" => "Palabras clave"
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec280383"
          "palabras" => array:5 [
            0 => "Ganglio centinela"
            1 => "T&#233;cnica <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">ex vivo</span>"
            2 => "Azul de metileno"
            3 => "C&#225;ncer de colon"
            4 => "Supraestadificaci&#243;n"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "tieneResumen" => true
    "resumen" => array:2 [
      "en" => array:2 [
        "titulo" => "Abstract"
        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Introduction</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The level of lymph node involvement is the most important factor in staging colorectal cancer without metastasis&#46; Sentinel lymph node mapping identifies the node&#40;s&#41; that most accurately reflect the lymph node status of patients&#44; and intensive techniques that improve staging can be focused on these nodes&#46; The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">ex vivo</span> sentinel lymph node mapping in the staging of colon cancer&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Materials and methods</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A prospective study was conducted on 125 patients from the &#193;lava-Txagorritxu University Hospital Health Region &#40;&#193;lava&#41;&#44; who were diagnosed prior to surgery with colon cancer without distant metastasis from September 2009 to December 2011&#46; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Ex vivo</span> sentinel lymph node mapping with methylene blue was use in these patients to study the sentinel nodes with multiple slices using immunohistochemical techniques and haematoxylin&#8211;eosin staining&#46; A comparative study was also performed based on a control group of 170 patients staged with conventional techniques&#44; and involving a single slice and haematoxylin&#8211;eosin staining&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Results</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The sentinel lymph node identification rate was 98&#37;&#44; with 5&#46;6&#37; false negatives&#46; Upstaging occurred in 14&#46;2&#37; of cases compared to the group studied using conventional techniques &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&#61;&#46;006&#41;&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Conclusions</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Ex vivo</span> sentinel lymph node mapping with methylene blue accurately reflects the lymph node status of patients with colon cancer&#46; This approach upstages patients classified as stages <span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">i</span> and <span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">ii</span> by conventional techniques to stage <span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">iii</span>&#44; indicating chemotherapy that may improve their prognosis&#46;</p>"
      ]
      "es" => array:2 [
        "titulo" => "Resumen"
        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Introducci&#243;n</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">El estudio de los ganglios linf&#225;ticos supone el factor pron&#243;stico m&#225;s importante en el c&#225;ncer colorrectal sin met&#225;stasis&#46; La t&#233;cnica del ganglio centinela identifica el ganglio que mejor predice el estado ganglionar de un paciente y permite realizar en &#233;l t&#233;cnicas de estudio intensivo que mejoran la estadificaci&#243;n&#46; El objetivo del trabajo es estudiar la eficacia de la t&#233;cnica del ganglio centinela en la estadificaci&#243;n del c&#225;ncer de colon&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">Material y m&#233;todos</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Estudio prospectivo con 125 pacientes diagnosticados preoperatoriamente de c&#225;ncer de colon sin met&#225;stasis a distancia desde septiembre de 2009 hasta diciembre de 2011 en el Hospital Universitario de &#193;lava-Txagorritxu en &#193;lava&#46; Realizamos la t&#233;cnica del ganglio centinela <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">ex vivo</span> y con azul de metileno&#46; El ganglio centinela se estudi&#243; realizando secciones m&#250;ltiples y t&#233;cnicas de inmunohistoqu&#237;mica&#44; adem&#225;s de hematoxilina-eosina&#46; Realizamos un estudio comparativo con un grupo control con 170 pacientes estudiado de forma convencional mediante secci&#243;n &#250;nica y tinci&#243;n de hematoxilina-eosina&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Resultados</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Identificamos el ganglio centinela en el 98&#37; de los casos&#44; con una tasa de falsos negativos del 5&#44;6&#37;&#46; La supraestadificaci&#243;n lograda en el grupo con estudio del ganglio centinela se encuentra en el 14&#44;2&#37; con respecto al grupo estudiado convencionalmente &#40;p&#160;&#61;&#160;0&#44;006&#41;&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Conclusiones</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">El estudio del ganglio centinela realizado <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">ex vivo</span> y con azul de metileno predice el estado ganglionar de los pacientes con c&#225;ncer de colon&#46; Esta t&#233;cnica supraestadifica&#44; pasando al estadio <span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">iii</span> a pacientes que el estudio convencional determinaba como estadios <span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">i</span> y <span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">ii</span>&#44; permitiendo que accedan a un tratamiento quimioter&#225;pico que podr&#237;a mejorar su pron&#243;stico&#46;</p>"
      ]
    ]
    "NotaPie" => array:1 [
      0 => array:2 [
        "etiqueta" => "&#9734;"
        "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0010">Please cite this article as&#58; Sard&#243;n Ramos JD&#44; Errasti Alustiza J&#44; Campo Cimarras E&#44; Cerme&#241;o Toral B&#44; Romeo Ram&#237;rez JA&#44; S&#225;enz de Ugarte Sobr&#243;n J&#44; et al&#46; T&#233;cnica del ganglio centinela en el c&#225;ncer de colon&#46; Experiencia en 125 casos&#46; Cir Esp&#46; 2013&#59;91&#58;366&#8211;371&#46;</p>"
      ]
    ]
    "multimedia" => array:5 [
      0 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0005"
        "etiqueta" => "Table 1"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "tabla" => array:1 [
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Patients N &#43;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Patients N &#8722;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Total&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Sentinel lymph node &#43;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">35&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">36&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Sentinel lymph node &#8722;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">79&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">86&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Total&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">42&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">80&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">122&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
              "imagenFichero" => array:1 [
                0 => "xTab432772.png"
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Group Studied Using the Sentinel Lymph Node Technique&#46; Analysis of Test Validity&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      1 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0010"
        "etiqueta" => "Table 2"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "tabla" => array:1 [
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="2" align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Nonsentinel lymph nodes &#40;conventional study&#41;</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Total&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">lymph nodes &#43;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">lymph nodes &#8722;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Sentinel lymph nodes &#40;intensive study&#41;</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>SLN &#43;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">18&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">18&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">36&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>SLN &#8722;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">79&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">86&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Total</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">25&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">97&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">122&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
              "imagenFichero" => array:1 [
                0 => "xTab432773.png"
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Group Studied Using the Sentinel Lymph Node Technique&#46; Distribution of Patients by Lymph Node Anatomopathological Results According to Technique&#58; Conventional Study <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">vs</span> Intensive Study &#40;SLN Technique&#41;&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      2 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0015"
        "etiqueta" => "Table 3"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "tabla" => array:1 [
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Sentinel lymph node&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Conventional pathological study&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Difference &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">No&#46;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">125&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">170&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Age</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">67&#46;54<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>10&#46;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">69&#46;19<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>10&#46;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#46;181&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Sex</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Male&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">80 &#40;64&#46;0&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">106 &#40;62&#46;4&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#46;772&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Female&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">45 &#40;36&#46;0&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">64 &#40;37&#46;6&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Location</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Right colon&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">46 &#40;36&#46;8&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">78 &#40;45&#46;9&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#46;090&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Transverse colon&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">8 &#40;6&#46;4&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">11 &#40;6&#46;5&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Descending colon&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">13 &#40;10&#46;4&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">8 &#40;4&#46;7&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Sigma&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">58 &#40;46&#46;4&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">73 &#40;42&#46;9&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Resection type</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Right hemicolectomy&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">47 &#40;37&#46;6&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">83 &#40;49&#46;7&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#46;101&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Left hemicolectomy&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">12 &#40;9&#46;6&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">7 &#40;4&#46;2&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Sigmoidectomy&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">56 &#40;44&#46;8&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">65 &#40;38&#46;9&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Total colectomy&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">10 &#40;8&#46;0&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">12 &#40;7&#46;2&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Surgical approach</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Laparoscopy&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">71 &#40;56&#46;8&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">76 &#40;44&#46;7&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#46;040&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Laparotomy&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">54 &#40;43&#46;2&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">94 &#40;55&#46;3&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">T classification</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Tis<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#43;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>T1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#43;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>T2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">41 &#40;32&#46;8&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">64 &#40;37&#46;6&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#46;390&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>T3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#43;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>T4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">84 &#40;67&#46;2&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">106 &#40;62&#46;4&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">CEA</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Mean&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">5806&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">6121&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#46;832&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
              "imagenFichero" => array:1 [
                0 => "xTab432770.png"
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Patient Features of the Sentinel Lymph Node Study Group and the Control Group&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      3 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0020"
        "etiqueta" => "Table 4"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "tabla" => array:1 [
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Pathological study&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Patients with nodal involvement&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Percentage &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Control group &#40;n&#61;170&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Conventional&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">33&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">19&#46;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#46;006 &#40;14&#46;2&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Sentinel lymph node technique group &#40;n&#61;125&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Combined&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">42&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">33&#46;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Sentinel lymph node</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">36&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">29&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#46;059 &#40;10&#46;1&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Conventional</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">25&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">20&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
              "imagenFichero" => array:1 [
                0 => "xTab432774.png"
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0060" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Comparison of Patients With Lymph Node Infiltration According to the Pathological Examination Type Performed &#40;Control Group&#47;SLN Technique Group&#41;&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      4 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0025"
        "etiqueta" => "Table 5"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "tabla" => array:2 [
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Total number of lymph nodes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Number of infiltrated lymph nodes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Percentage &#40;&#37;&#41; of infiltrated lymph nodes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Conventional study control group &#40;170 patients&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2630&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">131&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">4&#46;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#46;012&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Group with sentinel lymph node biopsy &#40;125 patients&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2559&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">169&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">6&#46;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Non-sentinel lymph nodes &#40;conventional technique&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2206&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">113&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">5&#46;12&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#60;&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Sentinel lymph node &#40;SLN technique&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">353&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">56&#47;65<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">15&#46;86&#47;18&#46;4<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
              "imagenFichero" => array:1 [
                0 => "xTab432771.png"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          "notaPie" => array:1 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "tblfn0005"
              "etiqueta" => "a"
              "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005">Includes isolated tumour cells&#46;</p>"
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0065" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Comparison of Lymph Node Metastatic Infiltration According to the Pathological Examination Type Used &#40;Control Group&#47;SLN Technique Group&#41;&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "bibliografia" => array:2 [
      "titulo" => "References"
      "seccion" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "bibs0005"
          "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:33 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0005"
              "etiqueta" => "1"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Colon cancer survival rates with the new American Joint Committee on Cancer sixth edition staging"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "J&#46;B&#46; O&#8217;Connell"
                            1 => "M&#46;A&#46; Maggard"
                            2 => "C&#46;Y&#46; Ko"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1093/jnci/djh275"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Natl Cancer Inst"
                        "fecha" => "2004"
                        "volumen" => "96"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1420"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1425"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15467030"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            1 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0010"
              "etiqueta" => "2"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:1 [
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "LibroEditado" => array:3 [
                        "titulo" => "AJCC Cancer staging handbook"
                        "edicion" => "6th ed&#46;"
                        "serieFecha" => "2002"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            2 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0015"
              "etiqueta" => "3"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Adjuvant therapy for colorectal cancer"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "A&#46;M&#46; Cohen"
                            1 => "D&#46; Kelsen"
                            2 => "L&#46; Saltz"
                            3 => "B&#46;D&#46; Minsky"
                            4 => "H&#46; Nelson"
                            5 => "R&#46; Farouk"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Curr Probl Cancer"
                        "fecha" => "1998"
                        "volumen" => "22"
                        "paginaInicial" => "5"
                        "paginaFinal" => "65"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            3 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0020"
              "etiqueta" => "4"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Sentinel node lymph mapping technique in colon cancer"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "H&#46; Saha"
                            1 => "A&#46;G&#46; Dan"
                            2 => "T&#46; Beutler"
                            3 => "D&#46; Wiese"
                            4 => "E&#46; Schochet"
                            5 => "J&#46; Badin"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Semin Oncol"
                        "fecha" => "2004"
                        "volumen" => "31"
                        "paginaInicial" => "374"
                        "paginaFinal" => "381"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15190495"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            4 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0025"
              "etiqueta" => "5"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "The staging of colorectal cancer&#58; 2004 and beyond"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "C&#46;C&#46; Compton"
                            1 => "F&#46;L&#46; Greene"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "CA Cancer J Clin"
                        "fecha" => "2004"
                        "volumen" => "54"
                        "paginaInicial" => "295"
                        "paginaFinal" => "308"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15537574"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            5 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0030"
              "etiqueta" => "6"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Lymph node recoveries from 2&#46;427 pT3 colorectal resection specimens spanning 45 years&#58; recommendations for a minimum number of recovered lymph nodes based on predictive probabilities"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "N&#46;S&#46; Goldstein"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Am J Surg Pathol"
                        "fecha" => "2002"
                        "volumen" => "26"
                        "paginaInicial" => "179"
                        "paginaFinal" => "189"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11812939"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            6 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0035"
              "etiqueta" => "7"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Colon cancer survival is associated with increasing number of lymph nodes analyzed&#58; a secondary survey of Intergroup Trial INT-0089"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "T&#46;E&#46; Le Voyer"
                            1 => "E&#46;R&#46; Sigurdson"
                            2 => "A&#46;I&#46; Hanlon"
                            3 => "R&#46;J&#46; Mayer"
                            4 => "J&#46;S&#46; Macdonald"
                            5 => "P&#46;J&#46; Catalano"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1200/JCO.2003.05.062"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Clin Oncol"
                        "fecha" => "2003"
                        "volumen" => "21"
                        "paginaInicial" => "2912"
                        "paginaFinal" => "2919"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12885809"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            7 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0040"
              "etiqueta" => "8"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "The prognosis of T3N0 colon cancer is dependent upon the number of lymph nodes examined"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "R&#46;S&#46; Swanson"
                            1 => "C&#46;C&#46; Compton"
                            2 => "A&#46;K&#46; Stewart"
                            3 => "K&#46;I&#46; Bland"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Ann Surg Oncol"
                        "fecha" => "2003"
                        "volumen" => "10"
                        "paginaInicial" => "65"
                        "paginaFinal" => "71"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12513963"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            8 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0045"
              "etiqueta" => "9"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Efficacy of manual dissection of lymph nodes in colon cancer resections"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:5 [
                            0 => "H&#46;G&#46; Brown"
                            1 => "T&#46;M&#46; Luckasevic"
                            2 => "D&#46;S&#46; Medich"
                            3 => "J&#46;P&#46; Celebrezze"
                            4 => "S&#46;M&#46; Jones"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1038/modpathol.3800071"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Mod Pathol"
                        "fecha" => "2004"
                        "volumen" => "17"
                        "paginaInicial" => "402"
                        "paginaFinal" => "406"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14976530"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            9 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0050"
              "etiqueta" => "10"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Clinical significance of colorectal cancer&#58; metastases in lymph nodes &#60;5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm in size"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "M&#46;A&#46; Rodriguez-Bigas"
                            1 => "S&#46; Maamoun"
                            2 => "T&#46;K&#46; Weber"
                            3 => "R&#46;B&#46; Penetrante"
                            4 => "L&#46;E&#46; Blumenson"
                            5 => "N&#46;J&#46; Petrelli"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Ann Surg Oncol"
                        "fecha" => "1996"
                        "volumen" => "3"
                        "paginaInicial" => "124"
                        "paginaFinal" => "130"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8646511"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            10 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0055"
              "etiqueta" => "11"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Prospective multicenter trial of staging adequacy in colon cancer&#46; Preliminary results"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "A&#46;J&#46; Bilchik"
                            1 => "M&#46; DiNome"
                            2 => "S&#46; Saha"
                            3 => "R&#46;R&#46; Turner"
                            4 => "D&#46; Wiese"
                            5 => "M&#46; McCarter"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1001/archsurg.141.6.527"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Arch Surg"
                        "fecha" => "2006"
                        "volumen" => "141"
                        "paginaInicial" => "527"
                        "paginaFinal" => "534"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16785352"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            11 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0060"
              "etiqueta" => "12"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Upstaging benefits and accuracy of sentinel lymph node mapping in colorectal adenocarcinoma nodal staging"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:5 [
                            0 => "C&#46;A&#46; Quadros"
                            1 => "A&#46; Lopes"
                            2 => "I&#46; Araujo"
                            3 => "J&#46;H&#46; Fregnani"
                            4 => "F&#46; Fahel"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1002/jso.21112"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Surg Oncol"
                        "fecha" => "2008"
                        "volumen" => "98"
                        "paginaInicial" => "324"
                        "paginaFinal" => "330"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18618578"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            12 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0065"
              "etiqueta" => "13"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Identification of sentinel lymph nodes in colon cancer depends on the amount of dye injected relative to tumor size"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "C&#46;T&#46; Viehl"
                            1 => "C&#46;T&#46; Hamel"
                            2 => "W&#46;R&#46; Marti"
                            3 => "U&#46; Guller"
                            4 => "L&#46; Eisner"
                            5 => "U&#46; Stammberger"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1007/s00268-003-7086-5"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "World J Surg"
                        "fecha" => "2003"
                        "volumen" => "27"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1285"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1290"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14595521"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            13 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0070"
              "etiqueta" => "14"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Sentinel lymph node mapping in colon cancer&#58; current status"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "R&#46;J&#46; De Hass"
                            1 => "D&#46;A&#46; Wicherts"
                            2 => "M&#46;G&#46; Hobbelink"
                            3 => "I&#46;H&#46; Borel Rinkes"
                            4 => "M&#46;E&#46; Schipper"
                            5 => "J&#46;A&#46; van der Zee"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1245/s10434-006-9258-7"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Ann Surg Oncol"
                        "fecha" => "2007"
                        "volumen" => "14"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1070"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1080"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17206482"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            14 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0075"
              "etiqueta" => "15"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Prognostic importance of occult axillary lymphnode micrometastases from breast cancers"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "colaboracion" => "International Breast Cancer Study Group"
                          "etal" => false
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Lancet"
                        "fecha" => "1990"
                        "volumen" => "335"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1565"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1568"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1972494"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            15 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0080"
              "etiqueta" => "16"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Sentinel lymph node biopsy for breast cancer using methylene blue dye manifests a short learning curve among experienced surgeons&#58; a prospective tabular cumulative sum &#40;CUSUM&#41; analysis"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "J&#46;M&#46; East"
                            1 => "C&#46;S&#46; Valentine"
                            2 => "E&#46; Kanchev"
                            3 => "G&#46;O&#46; Blake"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1186/1471-2482-9-2"
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "BMC Surg"
                        "fecha" => "2009"
                        "volumen" => "9"
                        "paginaInicial" => "2"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19173714"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            16 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0085"
              "etiqueta" => "17"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Sentinel lymph node mapping in colon and rectal cancer&#58; its impact on staging&#44; limitations&#44; and pitfalls"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:5 [
                            0 => "S&#46; Saha"
                            1 => "A&#46;G&#46; Dan"
                            2 => "C&#46;T&#46; Viehl"
                            3 => "M&#46; Zuber"
                            4 => "D&#46; Wiese"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "LibroEditado" => array:4 [
                        "titulo" => "Selective sentinel lymphadenectomy for human solid cancer"
                        "paginaInicial" => "105"
                        "paginaFinal" => "122"
                        "serieFecha" => "2005"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            17 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0090"
              "etiqueta" => "18"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Sentinel node staging of resectable colon cancer&#58; results of a multicenter study"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "M&#46; Bertagnolli"
                            1 => "B&#46; Miedema"
                            2 => "M&#46; Redston"
                            3 => "J&#46; Dowell"
                            4 => "D&#46; Niedzwiecki"
                            5 => "J&#46; Fleshman"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Ann Surg"
                        "fecha" => "2004"
                        "volumen" => "240"
                        "paginaInicial" => "624"
                        "paginaFinal" => "630"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15383790"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            18 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0095"
              "etiqueta" => "19"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Mapping a pathway for axillary staging&#58; a personal perspective on the current status of sentinel lymph node dissection for breast cancer"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "A&#46;E&#46; Giuliano"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Arch Surg"
                        "fecha" => "1999"
                        "volumen" => "134"
                        "paginaInicial" => "195"
                        "paginaFinal" => "199"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10025463"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            19 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0100"
              "etiqueta" => "20"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Validation of lymphatic mapping in colorectal cancer&#58; in vivo&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">ex vivo</span>&#44; and laparoscopic techniques"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "T&#46;F&#46; Wood"
                            1 => "S&#46; Saha"
                            2 => "D&#46;L&#46; Morton"
                            3 => "G&#46;J&#46; Tsioulias"
                            4 => "D&#46; Rangel"
                            5 => "W&#46; Hutchinson"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Ann Surg Oncol"
                        "fecha" => "2001"
                        "volumen" => "8"
                        "paginaInicial" => "150"
                        "paginaFinal" => "157"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11258780"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            20 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0105"
              "etiqueta" => "21"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Ex vivo sentinel node mapping in carcinoma of the colon and rectum"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:5 [
                            0 => "J&#46;H&#46; Wong"
                            1 => "S&#46; Steineman"
                            2 => "C&#46; Calderia"
                            3 => "J&#46; Bowles"
                            4 => "T&#46; Namiki"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Ann Surg"
                        "fecha" => "2001"
                        "volumen" => "233"
                        "paginaInicial" => "515"
                        "paginaFinal" => "521"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11303133"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            21 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0110"
              "etiqueta" => "22"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Ex vivo sentinel lymph node biopsy in colorectal cancer&#58; a feasibility study"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:5 [
                            0 => "T&#46;L&#46; Fitzgerald"
                            1 => "M&#46;A&#46; Khalifa"
                            2 => "M&#46; Al Zahrani"
                            3 => "C&#46;H&#46; Law"
                            4 => "A&#46;J&#46; Smith"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1002/jso.10091"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Surg Oncol"
                        "fecha" => "2002"
                        "volumen" => "80"
                        "paginaInicial" => "27"
                        "paginaFinal" => "32"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11967903"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            22 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0115"
              "etiqueta" => "23"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Detection of micrometastases and skip metastases with ex vivo sentinel node mapping in carcinoma of the colon and rectum"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "G&#46; Yagci"
                            1 => "A&#46; Unlu"
                            2 => "B&#46; Kurt"
                            3 => "M&#46; Can"
                            4 => "N&#46; Kaymakcioglu"
                            5 => "S&#46; Cetiner"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1007/s00384-006-0132-7"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Int J Colorectal Dis"
                        "fecha" => "2007"
                        "volumen" => "22"
                        "paginaInicial" => "167"
                        "paginaFinal" => "173"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16721490"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            23 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0120"
              "etiqueta" => "24"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Technical details of sentinel lymph node mapping in colorectal cancer and its impact on staging"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "S&#46; Saha"
                            1 => "D&#46; Wiese"
                            2 => "J&#46; Badin"
                            3 => "T&#46; Beutler"
                            4 => "D&#46; Nora"
                            5 => "B&#46;K&#46; Ganatra"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Ann Surg Oncol"
                        "fecha" => "2000"
                        "volumen" => "7"
                        "paginaInicial" => "120"
                        "paginaFinal" => "124"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10761790"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            24 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0125"
              "etiqueta" => "25"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "A novel lymphatic mapping technique to improve localization and staging of early colon cancer during laparoscopic colectomy"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:5 [
                            0 => "G&#46;J&#46; Tsioulias"
                            1 => "T&#46;F&#46; Wood"
                            2 => "M&#46; Spirt"
                            3 => "D&#46;L&#46; Morton"
                            4 => "A&#46;J&#46; Bilchik"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Am Surg"
                        "fecha" => "2002"
                        "volumen" => "68"
                        "paginaInicial" => "561"
                        "paginaFinal" => "565"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12132733"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            25 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0130"
              "etiqueta" => "26"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Clinical value of sentinel node mapping in carcinoma of the colon"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "S&#46;M&#46; Retter"
                            1 => "G&#46; Herrmann"
                            2 => "T&#46;H&#46; Schiedeck"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1111/j.1463-1318.2010.02293.x"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Colorectal Dis"
                        "fecha" => "2011"
                        "volumen" => "13"
                        "paginaInicial" => "855"
                        "paginaFinal" => "859"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20456461"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            26 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0135"
              "etiqueta" => "27"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Sentinel lymph node procedure in colon and rectal cancer&#58; a systematic review and meta-analysis"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "M&#46;H&#46; Van der Pas"
                            1 => "S&#46; Meijer"
                            2 => "O&#46;S&#46; Hoekstra"
                            3 => "I&#46;I&#46; Riphagen"
                            4 => "H&#46;C&#46; de Vet"
                            5 => "D&#46;L&#46; Knol"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/S1470-2045(11)70075-4"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Lancet Oncol"
                        "fecha" => "2011"
                        "volumen" => "12"
                        "paginaInicial" => "540"
                        "paginaFinal" => "550"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21549638"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            27 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0140"
              "etiqueta" => "28"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Comparison of ex vivo and in vivo injection of blue dye in sentinel lymph node mapping for colorectal cancer"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "J&#46;S&#46; Park"
                            1 => "I&#46;T&#46; Chang"
                            2 => "S&#46;J&#46; Park"
                            3 => "B&#46;G&#46; Kim"
                            4 => "Y&#46;S&#46; Choi"
                            5 => "S&#46;J&#46; Cha"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1007/s00268-008-9872-6"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "World J Surg"
                        "fecha" => "2009"
                        "volumen" => "33"
                        "paginaInicial" => "539"
                        "paginaFinal" => "546"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19132443"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            28 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0145"
              "etiqueta" => "29"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Reuni&#243;n de consenso sobre la biopsia selectiva del ganglio centinela en el c&#225;ncer de mama&#46; Sociedad Espa&#241;ola de Senolog&#237;a y Patolog&#237;a Mamaria"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:3 [
                          "colaboracion" => "Grupo de Expertos"
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "A&#46; Pi&#241;ero"
                            1 => "J&#46; Jim&#233;nez"
                            2 => "B&#46; Merck"
                            3 => "C&#46; V&#225;zquez"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Rev Esp Patol"
                        "fecha" => "2007"
                        "volumen" => "40"
                        "paginaInicial" => "91"
                        "paginaFinal" => "95"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            29 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0150"
              "etiqueta" => "30"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "The sentinel node procedure in colon carcinoma&#58; a multi-centre study in The Netherlands"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "W&#46; Kelder"
                            1 => "A&#46;E&#46; Braat"
                            2 => "A&#46; Karrenbeld"
                            3 => "J&#46;A&#46; Grond"
                            4 => "J&#46;E&#46; de Vries"
                            5 => "J&#46;W&#46; Oosterhuis"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1007/s00384-007-0351-6"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Int J Colorectal Dis"
                        "fecha" => "2007"
                        "volumen" => "22"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1509"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1514"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17622543"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            30 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0155"
              "etiqueta" => "31"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Is routine use of sentinel node biopsy justified in colon cancer&#63;"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "M&#46; Nicholl"
                            1 => "A&#46;J&#46; Bilchik"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1245/s10434-008-9807-3"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Ann Surg Oncol"
                        "fecha" => "2008"
                        "volumen" => "15"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1"
                        "paginaFinal" => "3"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18228103"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            31 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0160"
              "etiqueta" => "32"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Utilizaci&#243;n del ganglio centinela en patolog&#237;a digestiva"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "C&#46; Balagu&#233;"
                            1 => "S&#46; Vela"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Cir Esp"
                        "fecha" => "2007"
                        "volumen" => "82"
                        "paginaInicial" => "195"
                        "paginaFinal" => "203"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17942043"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            32 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0165"
              "etiqueta" => "33"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "The influence of micrometastases on prognosis and survival in stage <span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">i&#8211;ii</span> colon cancer patients&#46; The Enroute Study"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "D&#46;J&#46; Lips"
                            1 => "B&#46; Koebrugge"
                            2 => "G&#46;J&#46; Liefers"
                            3 => "J&#46;C&#46; Van de Linden"
                            4 => "V&#46;T&#46; Smit"
                            5 => "H&#46;F&#46; Pruijt"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1186/1471-2482-11-11"
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "BMC Surg"
                        "fecha" => "2011"
                        "volumen" => "11"
                        "paginaInicial" => "11"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21569373"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
  ]
  "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
  "url" => "/21735077/0000009100000006/v1_201312060036/S2173507713001932/v1_201312060036/en/main.assets"
  "Apartado" => array:4 [
    "identificador" => "7417"
    "tipo" => "SECCION"
    "en" => array:2 [
      "titulo" => "Original articles"
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
  ]
  "PDF" => "https://static.elsevier.es/multimedia/21735077/0000009100000006/v1_201312060036/S2173507713001932/v1_201312060036/en/main.pdf?idApp=UINPBA00004N&text.app=https://www.elsevier.es/"
  "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2173507713001932?idApp=UINPBA00004N"
]
Article information
ISSN: 21735077
Original language: English
The statistics are updated each day
Year/Month Html Pdf Total
2024 November 1 0 1
2024 October 24 3 27
2024 September 38 2 40
2024 August 54 4 58
2024 July 30 8 38
2024 June 37 5 42
2024 May 39 5 44
2024 April 39 5 44
2024 March 57 7 64
2024 February 81 2 83
2024 January 51 7 58
2023 December 42 7 49
2023 November 57 2 59
2023 October 98 7 105
2023 September 45 6 51
2023 August 63 8 71
2023 July 42 10 52
2023 June 74 1 75
2023 May 64 3 67
2023 April 79 5 84
2023 March 63 7 70
2023 February 47 9 56
2023 January 70 5 75
2022 December 79 12 91
2022 November 60 16 76
2022 October 49 8 57
2022 September 40 8 48
2022 August 48 12 60
2022 July 35 6 41
2022 June 40 7 47
2022 May 44 15 59
2022 April 35 20 55
2022 March 45 19 64
2022 February 49 8 57
2022 January 78 10 88
2021 December 53 14 67
2021 November 29 8 37
2021 October 53 13 66
2021 September 51 9 60
2021 August 72 16 88
2021 July 53 11 64
2021 June 71 16 87
2021 May 49 17 66
2021 April 87 22 109
2021 March 42 15 57
2021 February 29 10 39
2021 January 33 10 43
2020 December 16 8 24
2020 November 24 8 32
2020 October 26 9 35
2020 September 22 9 31
2020 August 14 10 24
2020 July 24 19 43
2020 June 24 9 33
2020 May 19 12 31
2020 April 13 6 19
2020 March 10 14 24
2020 February 15 8 23
2020 January 11 4 15
2019 December 22 11 33
2019 November 17 7 24
2019 October 16 8 24
2019 September 17 16 33
2019 August 9 1 10
2019 July 15 15 30
2019 June 25 15 40
2019 May 103 53 156
2019 April 34 18 52
2019 March 7 2 9
2019 February 15 8 23
2019 January 6 5 11
2018 December 8 3 11
2018 November 10 0 10
2018 October 5 7 12
2018 September 6 1 7
2018 August 19 6 25
2018 July 5 1 6
2018 June 8 1 9
2018 May 9 1 10
2018 April 15 1 16
2018 March 2 0 2
2018 February 7 2 9
2018 January 2 1 3
2017 December 7 1 8
2017 November 5 2 7
2017 October 15 1 16
2017 September 9 2 11
2017 August 21 2 23
2017 July 18 0 18
2017 June 25 4 29
2017 May 18 1 19
2017 April 19 3 22
2017 March 12 52 64
2017 February 20 0 20
2017 January 14 0 14
2016 December 12 8 20
2016 November 29 2 31
2016 October 42 10 52
2016 September 41 16 57
2016 August 27 7 34
2016 July 22 1 23
2016 June 28 10 38
2016 May 21 10 31
2016 April 16 8 24
2016 March 16 21 37
2016 February 16 10 26
2016 January 6 8 14
2015 December 15 3 18
2015 November 25 7 32
2015 October 21 6 27
2015 September 26 10 36
2015 August 9 5 14
2015 July 14 8 22
2015 June 4 2 6
2015 May 11 1 12
2015 April 16 6 22
2015 March 11 5 16
2015 February 9 5 14
2015 January 21 5 26
2014 December 37 9 46
2014 November 30 3 33
2014 October 16 6 22
2014 September 17 6 23
2014 August 22 6 28
2014 July 17 2 19
2014 June 16 7 23
2014 May 17 3 20
2014 April 13 6 19
2014 March 9 5 14
2014 February 12 5 17
2014 January 12 5 17
2013 December 13 3 16
Show all

Follow this link to access the full text of the article

es en pt

¿Es usted profesional sanitario apto para prescribir o dispensar medicamentos?

Are you a health professional able to prescribe or dispense drugs?

Você é um profissional de saúde habilitado a prescrever ou dispensar medicamentos