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Experience, Complications and Prognostic Factors of the Ileoanal Pouch in Ulcerative Colitis: An Observational Study
Experiencia, complicaciones y factores pronósticos con el reservorio anal en la colitis ulcerosa. Estudio observacional
Javier Die, Juan Ocaña
Corresponding author
jocajim@gmail.com

Corresponding author.
, Pedro Abadía, Juan Carlos García, Irene Moreno, Juan Diego Pina, Gloria Rodrígez, José Manuel Devesa
Unidad de Coloproctología, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0070">Introduction</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Restorative proctocolectomy is the surgical treatment of choice in certain patients with ulcerative colitis when medical treatment is not effective&#46; Studies have demonstrated that it is a safe and effective procedure&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;2</span></a> Since the beginnings of restorative proctocolectomy with ileoanal pouch in Spain in the 1980s&#44; there has been great development and diffusion of the technique&#46; It is currently performed in almost all the hospitals of our country&#44; although no results have been recently published in the literature&#46; Even though satisfactory functional and quality-of-life results have been published after restorative proctocolectomy&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> several studies show limited long-term results<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4&#44;5</span></a> and progressive deterioration of the results over time&#46; Since patients with ileoanal pouch are generally under the age of 60&#44; it is necessary to carefully analyze the long-term outcomes and risk factors associated with pouch failure&#46;</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The main objective of this study was to analyze the short- and long-term surgical complications and viability of the ileoanal pouch after restorative proctocolectomy in patients diagnosed with ulcerative colitis&#46; The secondary objective was to identify the risk factors associated with ileoanal pouch failure&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0075">Methods</span><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We retrospectively identified patients who had undergone total proctocolectomy with ileoanal J-pouch surgery after an initial diagnosis of ulcerative colitis between 1983 and 2015 using a prospective database from a single institution&#46; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Inclusion criteria were</span>&#58; 1&#41; patients diagnosed with ulcerative colitis at the time of surgery&#44; based on compatible clinical symptoms and histological findings after colonoscopy suggestive of ulcerative colitis&#59;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6&#44;7</span></a> and 2&#41; elective total proctocolectomy with ileoanal J-pouch&#46; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Exclusion criteria were</span>&#58; Previous diagnosis of indeterminate colitis&#44; familial adenomatous polyposis &#40;FAP&#41;&#44; chronic constipation&#44; Crohn&#8217;s disease or colorectal cancer&#46;</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The creation of the pouch was carried out in one&#44; two or three stages in patients treated with proctocolectomy&#46; In one stage&#44; the pouch was constructed during the same operation as the proctocolectomy&#44; without a protective stoma&#46; In 2 stages&#44; the construction of the pouch was performed after the proctocolectomy in the same operation&#44; with subsequent closure of the ileostomy&#46; And in 3 stages&#44; the construction of the pouch and the proctocolectomy were carried out in different surgical stages&#44; with subsequent reconstruction of the tract or ileostomy closure&#46; In all cases&#44; J-pouches were constructed&#46; The proctectomy was transmesorectal&#44; using the abdominal approach&#46;</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Failure of the pouch was determined by the following&#58; removal of the pouch was necessary&#59; ileostomy was performed without removal of the pouch&#59; closure of the protective ileostomy&#44; if done&#44; was not possible at any time during the follow-up&#46; Demographic variables and surgical technique variables were collected and analyzed&#46; Immediate complications were defined as those occurring during the first 30 days after surgery&#46; Late-onset complications were those that occurred after the first 30 postoperative days until the final date of follow-up&#46;</p><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080">Statistical Analysis</span><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In the descriptive statistical analysis&#44; medians and ranges were used for continuous variables&#44; and frequencies and proportions were used for categorical variables&#46; All were calculated for dependent and independent variables&#46; The Student&#8217;s <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">t</span> test and the Mann-Whitney U test were used&#44; as appropriate&#44; for the comparison of means of the continuous variables&#46; We used the chi-squared test and Fisher&#8217;s exact test for the analysis of categorical variables&#46; Long-term complications&#44; including pouch failure&#44; were analyzed as time until the event studied&#46; The cumulative probability for patients having either no complications or pouch failure was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method&#46; Survival curves were compared using the log-rank test&#46; For the study of prognostic factors associated with pouch failure&#44; all clinically relevant variables with a <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&#8201;&#60;&#8201;&#46;20 in the univariate analysis were included in the multivariate logistic regression analysis&#46;</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&#8201;&#60;&#8201;&#46;05 was considered significant&#46; Confidence intervals were estimated with a 95&#37; interval&#46; The statistical analysis was performed with SPSS Statistics&#174; v&#46;22&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0085">Results</span><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">One hundred thirty-nine patients were analyzed retrospectively using data from a prospective database of a single hospital&#46; Seven patients were lost to follow-up after hospital discharge&#46;</p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Out of the 132 patients with complete follow-up&#44; 2 &#40;1&#37;&#41; died&#58; one in the immediate postoperative period due to sepsis secondary to H1N1 influenza-related pneumonia in a patient previously treated surgically for a pancoast tumor with resection of the ribcage&#59; the second patient died 12 years after completion of the ileal pouch due to postoperative sepsis after reoperation for a pouch-bladder fistula&#46;</p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Mean follow-up was 12 years &#40;range&#58; 1&#8211;29&#41;&#46; Mean patient age at the time of surgery was 35 years &#40;range&#58; 15&#8211;78&#41;&#46; The demographic variables&#44; final diagnosis during follow-up&#44; surgical times for the construction of the pouch and types of anastomoses are shown in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Immediate complications were diagnosed in 44 patients &#40;32&#37;&#41;&#46; Anastomotic fistula was observed in 15 patients &#40;11&#37;&#41;&#44; while a fistula between the pouch and the vagina was found in 6 patients &#40;4&#37;&#41;&#46; Enterocutaneous fistulae were diagnosed in 2 patients &#40;1&#37;&#41;&#46; Evisceration&#44; intestinal obstruction and stenosis of the pouch were analyzed&#44; as observed in 2 patients &#40;1&#37;&#41;&#44; 5 &#40;3&#37;&#41; and one &#40;1&#37;&#41;&#44; respectively&#46; Five patients &#40;4&#37;&#41; presented hematochezia during the immediate postoperative period&#44; while 2 patients &#40;1&#37;&#41; had deep infection of the surgical site&#44; manifesting as an intra-abdominal abscess&#46; Two patients &#40;1&#37;&#41; had surgical wound infection&#46; Three patients &#40;2&#37;&#41; were diagnosed with moderate or severe respiratory problems in the immediate postoperative period&#44; and only one &#40;1&#37;&#41; presented perianal fistula&#46;</p><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Late-onset complications were observed in 90 patients &#40;65&#37;&#41;&#46; The most frequent late complications were fistulae associated with the pouch in 40 patients &#40;29&#37;&#41;&#58; 11 patients &#40;8&#37;&#41; with fistula between the pouch and the vagina&#44; 27 patients &#40;14&#37;&#41; with another type of pouch fistula &#40;mainly pouch-anal&#41;&#44; and 2 patients &#40;1&#37;&#41; with enterocutaneous fistula&#46; Other late-onset complications found included pouch dysfunction in 12 patients &#40;9&#37;&#41;&#44; intestinal obstruction in 12 patients &#40;9&#37;&#41;&#44; pouchitis in 15 patients &#40;11&#37;&#41; and pouch stenosis in 8 patients &#40;6&#37;&#41;&#46; Only 53 patients &#40;40&#37;&#41; with pouches analyzed in this time period have remained completely asymptomatic&#46; All complications associated with the procedure are shown in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a>&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Pouch failure &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>&#41; was identified in 42 patients &#40;32&#37;&#41;&#44; while during follow-up some 90 patients &#40;69&#37;&#41; continued to have a functioning pouch&#46; Out of these 42 pouch failures&#44; 16 &#40;38&#37;&#41; occurred within the first year&#44; while 26 &#40;62&#37;&#41; occurred after the first year&#44; at an average of 117 months &#40;almost 10 years&#41; after the creation of the pouch&#46; Therefore&#44; in the first year of the postoperative period&#44; 16 patients &#40;12&#37;&#41; experienced pouch failure&#46; The causes of pouch failure are described in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">Table 3</a> and mainly include&#58; perianal sepsis in 9 cases &#40;7&#37;&#41; with presentation at an average of 12 years after pouch creation&#59; pouchitis&#44; incontinence or anal stenosis in 10 cases &#40;8&#37;&#41;&#44; at an average 7 years and 7 months after pouch creation&#59; chronic anastomotic sinus in 3 &#40;2&#37;&#41; at an average of 8 years after the creation of the pouch&#59; and late-onset abdominal sepsis in 4 cases &#40;3&#37;&#41; at an average of 8 years after the creation of the pouch&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0015"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In the multivariate analysis &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0020">Table 4</a> and <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig&#46; 2</a>&#41;&#44; risk factors for pouch failure included&#58; age &#62; 50 years&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&#8201;&#60;&#8201;&#46;01&#44; HR&#58; 5&#46;55 &#40;2&#46;32&#8211;13&#46;2&#41;&#59; manual anastomosis&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&#8201;&#60;&#8201;&#46;01&#44; HR&#58; 3&#46;78 &#40;2&#46;09&#8211;6&#46;84&#41;&#59; pouch-vaginal fistula&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&#8201;&#61;&#8201;&#46;02&#44; HR&#58; 2&#46;86 &#40;1&#46;25&#8211;6&#46;12&#41;&#59; pouch-pelvic fistula&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&#8201;&#60;&#8201;&#46;01&#44; HR&#58; 5&#46;17 &#40;1&#46;96&#8211;13&#46;6&#41;&#59; pouch-cutaneous fistula&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&#8201;&#61;&#8201;&#46;01&#44; HR&#58; 3&#46;01 &#40;1&#46;24&#8211;7&#46;26&#41; and the development of late-onset complications <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&#8201;&#60;&#8201;&#46;01&#44; HR&#58; 10&#46;79 &#40;2&#46;36&#8211;49&#46;37&#41;&#46; Meanwhile&#44; mechanical anastomosis <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&#8201;&#61;&#8201;&#46;01&#44; HR&#58; 0&#46;44 &#40;0&#46;22-0&#46;86&#41; was considered a good prognostic factor for pouch maintenance over time&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0020"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0090">Discussion</span><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The 2 longest series published in our country &#40;the Hospital de Bellvitge study<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a> published in 2002 and this present study&#41; do not exceed 150 patients&#44; the vast majority of which were treated in the 1990s&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> Many of the patients treated at our hospital had come from other autonomous communities&#44; which in our current context is unthinkable&#46; There are not many hospitals in Spain that perform more than 10 procedures of this type per year&#46;</p><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Therefore&#44; the experience of Spanish hospitals in constructing ileoanal pouches is not comparable to any reference medical center in other European countries&#44; where there is greater centralization of these processes&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9&#8211;12</span></a></p><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In a historical series such as this&#44; we should be reminded that the passage of time affects the learning curve of surgeons&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9&#44;13</span></a> Likewise&#44; results are also influenced by the improved technical quality of the material used and improvements in perioperative patient management&#44; which have reduced the annual pouch failure rate to 8&#37;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a></p><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">More than two-thirds of the patients &#40;77&#37;&#41; were treated in 2 or 3 operations&#46; Large series like the Tulchinsky et al&#46; study reported pouch failure being reduced by half &#40;from 16&#37; to 8&#37;&#41; using protective ileostomy&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a> The protection of the pouch with an ileostomy can reduce septic complications associated with corticosteroid therapy&#44; anti-TNF or vedolizumab&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0070"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14&#44;15</span></a> Restorative proctocolectomy has a significant and severe morbidity&#44; which in our case has led to the removal or &#8216;defunctionalization&#8217; of approximately 30&#37; of the pouches created over these 35 years&#46; However&#44; perioperative mortality is low<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11&#44;16&#44;17</span></a> at less than 1&#37;&#44; which in our series was one patient &#40;1&#37;&#41; death associated with the main procedure&#46;</p><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In our study&#44; we found 12&#37; of failures in the first year&#44; which increased to 30&#37; during follow-up&#46; This contrasts with more extensive series that have published a pouch failure rate of less than 30&#37;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9&#44;11&#44;17</span></a> Tekkis et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0080"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16</span></a> reported a pouch failure rate that increased progressively for 10 years&#44; but with little increase observed in subsequent years&#46; Their functional results were maintained&#44; which contrasts with the results from our study&#44; where almost 10&#37; of failures were found after 10 years of follow-up&#44; stabilizing in the second decade&#46;</p><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">As seen in the multivariate analysis&#44; pouch failures are mainly due to the appearance of septic complications in patients over 50 years of age and after performing manual anastomosis&#46; In our series&#44; 26 pouch failures &#40;62&#37;&#41; occurred at an average of 117 months after the pouch was created&#46; As Tulchinsky et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a> explain&#44; pelvic sepsis is an independent factor associated with pouch failure&#44; which in our case was present in 16 patients &#40;12&#37;&#41; &#40;including early and late-onset pelvic sepsis&#41;&#59; meanwhile&#44; chronic anastomotic sinus may be the main cause of early pouch failure 40&#37; of the time&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0090"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span></a> Certain series&#44; such as those by MacRae et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0095"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19</span></a> and Fazio et al&#46;&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0100"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20</span></a> report sepsis rates associated with the pouch that are close to 40&#37; during a follow-up of less than 5 years&#46; In addition&#44; Maya et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0105"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21</span></a> report that perineal wound dehiscence is also an important cause of pouch failure&#46; In recent years&#44; we have seen how these complications do not necessarily lead to pouch excision&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0110"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">22</span></a> as surgical options have improved for saving the pouch after septic complications&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0115"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">23&#44;24</span></a></p><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The change in the diagnosis of Crohn&#8217;s disease during follow-up is one of the main causes of pouch failure&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10&#44;25</span></a> In our series&#44; in only 7 patients &#40;5&#37;&#41; was the diagnosis changed to Crohn&#8217;s disease during follow-up&#46; This change in diagnosis should be suspected in cases of treatment-resistant pouchitis&#44; involvement of loops proximal to the pouch or transmural inflammatory involvement&#44; although characteristic granulomas are rarely going to be visualized&#46;</p><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In our series&#44; we found that age over 50 when the pouch was created was an independent risk factor for its failure&#46; To date&#44; no age limit has been established for pouch procedures&#44; even though age is a known risk factor for its failure&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9&#44;17</span></a> Furthermore&#44; manual pouch creation was also associated with failure in our series &#40;HR&#58; 3&#46;78&#41;&#46; This is in line with other publications&#44; such as the Helavirta et al&#46; study&#44; which included more than 280 patients with manual anastomosis&#44; observing worse results for pouch duration and functional results&#44; with a much higher stenosis rate than mechanical anastomosis&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0085"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a> Our series included 38&#37; manual anastomoses with associated mucosectomy&#44; most of which were performed during the first years and rarely done in recent years&#46; It is necessary to remember that the most numerous series include patients treated since the early 1980s&#44; while circular staplers were not available until 1988&#46;</p><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Separate mention should be given to the 9&#46;7&#37; of the patients in our series who had pouch-vaginal fistulae&#46; Although certain series describe this complication in up to 16&#37; of patients&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0130"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">26</span></a> in the last 15 years we have not observed any cases&#46; It is a devastating complication&#44; and in 7 of the 13 patients affected it was necessary to remove the pouch&#46; There is no gold standard treatment&#44; as size&#44; location and clinical symptoms must be considered&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0135"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">27</span></a> In our series the presence of pouch-vaginal fistula has been associated with pouch failure&#44; as also shown in other recently published studies&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0140"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">28</span></a> According to Mallick et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0145"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">29</span></a> in one of the longest series published about this problem with more than 150 patients&#44; the presence of pouch-vaginal fistula occurs in 40&#37; of cases more than 12 months after the completion of the pouch&#46; In our study&#44; out of the 13 women with pouch-vaginal fistula&#44; 2 patients previously had a fistula to the vagina that recurred after the intervention&#44; and 10 of the 13 were re-operated&#46; The techniques performed were very variable&#44; mainly including transvaginal or transperineal flaps&#44; a Martius flap in some cases&#44; an unsuccessful Gracilis muscle interposition in one case&#44; and in higher fistulae transabdominal approaches with repair and interposition of the omentum&#44; redoing the pouch on one occasion&#46; However&#44; in 7 of the 13 patients the fistula recurred&#44; so terminal ileostomy was performed&#46; Therefore&#44; it is essential to avoid including the vagina in the staple line&#44; as well as to avoid coagulating or necrotizing over the vagina with an electric scalpel or another energy source by using vaginal separators in the dissection&#46;</p><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The lower rate of cuffitis in our series may be due to the fact that many of the patients underwent mucosectomy&#46; The lower pouchitis rate may be because we have considered their clinical&#44; endoscopic and pathological diagnoses&#46;</p><p id="par0125" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">For all this&#44; we believe that restorative proctocolectomy should be a procedure that is centralized at highly specialized hospitals with multidisciplinary groups for inflammatory bowel disease management&#44; where these patients can be offered possible solutions to the varied and abundant short- and mid-term complications that may appear&#46; However&#44; our study presents limitations and biases associated with the retrospective nature and the long period of time over which the patients have been analyzed&#44; which may consequently affect the analysis of the data and drawing of conclusions&#46;</p><p id="par0130" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In conclusion&#44; the creation of an ileoanal pouch in ulcerative colitis is a surgery that requires great intraoperative technical effort&#46; Multiple short- and long-term complications are possible&#44; which can lead to pouch failure&#46; This is a historical series analyzed in its entirety&#44; with the special characteristics that this entails and the biases associated with retrospective analysis&#46; However&#44; it is one of the largest restorative proctocolectomy series published in our country&#46; The improvements in the technique and in peroperative management have led to better results for pouch construction with a decrease in complications over the last decade&#46; Nevertheless&#44; many complications are due to the difficulty in reaching a correct preoperative diagnosis or problems in managing the disease itself that have not yet been resolved&#46;</p><p id="par0135" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Therefore&#44; we recommend that these patients be managed at hospitals with a sufficient volume of this disease and by multidisciplinary teams that are experienced in the management of these patients&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0095">Conflict of Interests</span><p id="par0140" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors have no conflict of interests to declare&#46;</p></span></span>"
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        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Introduction</span><p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Ileoanal pouch following restorative proctocolectomy is the treatment for ulcerative colitis after failed medical treatment&#46; Our main aim was to evaluate early and late morbidity associated with restorative proctocolectomy&#46; The secondary aim was to assess risk factors for pouch failure&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Methods</span><p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A retrospective&#44; observational&#44; single-center study was performed&#46; Patients who had undergone restorative proctocolectomy for a preoperative diagnosis of ulcerative colitis from 1983 to 2015 were included&#46; Early &#40;&#60;30 days&#41; and late &#40;&#62;30 days&#41; adverse events were analyzed&#46; Pouch failure was defined as the need for pouch excision or when ileostomy closure could not be performed&#46; Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to assess pouch failure risk factors&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Results</span><p id="spar0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The study included 139 patients&#46; One patient subsequently died in the early postoperative period&#46; Mean follow-up was 23 years&#46; Manual anastomoses were performed in 54 patients &#40;39&#37;&#41;&#46; Early adverse events were found in 44 patients &#40;32&#37;&#41;&#44; 15 of which &#40;11&#37;&#41; had anastomotic fistula&#46; Late adverse events were found in 90 patients &#40;65&#37;&#41;&#44; and pouchrelated fistulae &#40;29&#37;&#41; were the most commonly found in this group&#46; Pouch failure was identified in 42 patients &#40;32&#37;&#41;&#46; In the multivariate analysis&#44; age &#62;50 years &#40; P&#8201;&#60;&#8201;&#46;01&#59; HR&#58; 5&#46;55&#41;&#44; handsewn anastomosis &#40; P&#8201;&#60;&#8201;&#46;01&#59; HR&#58; 3&#46;78&#41;&#44; pouch-vaginal &#40; P&#8201;&#61;&#8201;&#46;02&#59; HR&#58; 2&#46;86&#41;&#44; pelvic &#40; P&#8201;&#60;&#8201;&#46;01&#59; HR&#58; 5&#46;17&#41; and cutaneous P&#8201;&#61;&#8201;&#46;01&#59; HR&#58; 3&#46;01&#41; fistulae were the main pouch failure risk factors&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0030">Conclusion</span><p id="spar0060" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Restorative proctocolectomy for a preoperative diagnosis of ulcerative colitis has high morbidity rates&#46; Long-term outcomes could be improved if risk factors for failure are avoided&#46;</p></span>"
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        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">Introducci&#243;n</span><p id="spar0065" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">La proctocolectom&#237;a restauradora con reservorio ileoanal es el tratamiento de elecci&#243;n en gran parte de los pacientes con colitis ulcerosa tras el fracaso del tratamiento m&#233;dico&#46; Nuestro objetivo principal fue analizar la morbilidad asociada a este procedimiento y la viabilidad del reservorio a corto y largo plazo&#46; Como objetivo secundario identificamos los factores de riesgo asociados al fallo del reservorio&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">M&#233;todos</span><p id="spar0070" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Estudio retrospectivo observacional unic&#233;ntrico donde se analizan pacientes intervenidos de proctocolectom&#237;a total restauradora con reservorio ileoanal tras el diagn&#243;stico de colitis ulcerosa entre los a&#241;os 1983 y 2015&#46; Se identificaron y analizaron las complicaciones tempranas &#40;&#60; 30 d&#237;as&#41; y tard&#237;as &#40;&#62; 30 d&#237;as&#41;&#46; Se consider&#243; fallo del reservorio la necesidad de extirpaci&#243;n del reservorio o la imposibilidad para reconstruir el tr&#225;nsito&#46; Se llev&#243; a cabo un an&#225;lisis univariante y multivariante para identificar los factores asociados al fallo del reservorio ileoanal&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Resultados</span><p id="spar0075" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Hubo 139 pacientes analizados&#46; Un paciente falleci&#243; en el postoperatorio&#46; La mediana de seguimiento fue de 12 a&#241;os&#46; En 54 pacientes &#40;39&#37;&#41; se realiz&#243; anastomosis manual&#46; Presentaron complicaciones inmediatas 44 pacientes &#40;32&#37;&#41;&#44; 15 pacientes &#40;11&#37;&#41; con f&#237;stula anastom&#243;tica&#46; Complicaciones tard&#237;as fueron diagnosticadas en 90 pacientes &#40;65&#37;&#41;&#44; las m&#225;s frecuentes fueron las f&#237;stulas asociadas al reservorio &#40;29&#37;&#41;&#46; Hubo 42 pacientes &#40;32&#37;&#41; con fallo del reservorio&#46; La edad &#62; 50 a&#241;os &#40;p &#60; 0&#44;01&#59; HR&#58; 5&#44;55&#41;&#44; la anastomosis manual &#40;p &#60; 0&#44;01&#59; HR&#58; 3&#44;78&#41;&#44; la f&#237;stula del reservorio vaginal &#40;p &#61; 0&#44;02&#59; HR&#58; 2&#44;86&#41;&#44; la p&#233;lvica &#40;p &#60; 0&#44;01&#59; HR&#58; 5&#44;17&#41; y la cut&#225;nea &#40;p &#61; 0&#44;01&#59; HR&#58; 3&#44;01&#41; fueron los principales factores de riesgo asociados al fallo del reservorio encontrados en el an&#225;lisis multivariante&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0055">Conclusi&#243;n</span><p id="spar0080" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">La proctocolectom&#237;a restauradora es una t&#233;cnica con elevada morbilidad a corto y largo plazo&#46; Controlando los factores de riesgo del fallo del reservorio se podr&#237;an mejorar los resultados a largo plazo&#46;</p></span>"
        "secciones" => array:4 [
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            "titulo" => "Introducci&#243;n"
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            "titulo" => "M&#233;todos"
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            "titulo" => "Resultados"
          ]
          3 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0045"
            "titulo" => "Conclusi&#243;n"
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    "NotaPie" => array:1 [
      0 => array:2 [
        "etiqueta" => "&#9734;"
        "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005">Please cite this article as&#58; Die J&#44; Oca&#241;a J&#44; Abad&#237;a P&#44; Garc&#237;a JC&#44; Moreno I&#44; Pina JD&#44; et al&#46; Experiencia&#44; complicaciones y factores pron&#243;sticos con el reservorio anal en la colitis ulcerosa&#46; Estudio observacional&#46; Cir Esp&#46; 2020&#59;98&#58;64&#8211;71&#46;</p>"
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            "apendice" => "<p id="par3120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><elsevierMultimedia ident="upi0005"></elsevierMultimedia></p>"
            "etiqueta" => "Appendix"
            "titulo" => "Supplementary data"
            "identificador" => "sec4010"
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          "en" => "<p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Risk factors and their impact on pouch failure&#58; A&#41; functioning pouches in patients over the age of 50 &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&#8201;&#60;&#8201;&#46;01&#59; HR&#58; 5&#46;55 &#91;2&#46;32&#8211;13&#46;2&#93;&#41;&#59; B&#41; functioning pouches according to the type of anastomosis &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&#8201;&#60;&#8201;&#46;01&#59; HR&#58; 3&#46;78 &#91;2&#46;09&#8211;6&#46;84&#93;&#41;&#59; C&#41; functioning pouches in patients with pouch-vaginal fistula &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&#8201;&#60;&#8201;&#46;02&#59; HR&#58; 2&#46;86 &#91;1&#46;25&#8211;6&#46;12&#93;&#41;&#59; D&#41; functioning pouches in patients with pouch-pelvic fistula &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&#8201;&#60;&#8201;&#46;01&#59; HR&#58; 5&#46;17 &#91;1&#46;96&#8211;13&#46;6&#93;&#41;&#46;</p>"
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                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Characteristics&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">N&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Percentage&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " colspan="3" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Sex</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Females&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">60&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">43&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Males&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">79&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">57&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " colspan="3" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Final diagnosis</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Ulcerative colitis&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">132&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">95&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Crohn&#8217;s disease&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " colspan="3" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Procedure</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>One stage&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">31&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">22&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Two stages&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">94&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">68&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Three stages&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">14&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">10&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " colspan="3" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Anastomosis</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Manual&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">54&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">39&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Mechanical&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">85&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">61&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
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                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Total N &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Reoperation N &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">De-functionalized N &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Intra-abdominal sepsis&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">17 &#40;12&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">8 &#40;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">9 &#40;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">P-vaginal fistula&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">13 &#40;10&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">10 &#40;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">7 &#40;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Anal fistula&#47;perianal sepsis&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">25 &#40;18&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">32 &#40;23&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">9 &#40;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Pouchitis&#47;cuffitis&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">30 &#40;22&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">10 &#40;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Late-onset anastomotic sinus&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3 &#40;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3 &#40;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Anal stenosis&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">14 &#40;10&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0 &#40;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
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                0 => "xTab2246540.png"
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          "en" => "<p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Complications Associated With the Procedure&#46;</p>"
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            "identificador" => "at0025"
            "detalle" => "Table "
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              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Pouch Failure &#60; 12 months</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="3" align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Late-onset Pouch Failure &#62; 12 months</th></tr><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Complication&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">N &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Complication&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">N &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Time of Appearance &#40;Months&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Postoperative sepsis&#47;fistula&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">9 &#40;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Sepsis anal&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">9 &#40;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">144&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Pouch-vaginal fistula&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">7 &#40;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Pouchitis&#47;incontinence&#47;anal stenosis&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">10 &#40;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">91&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Chronic anastomotic sinus&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3 &#40;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">104&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Abdominal sepsis&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">4 &#40;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">96&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
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                0 => "xTab2246538.png"
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          "en" => "<p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Causes of Pouch Failure and Time of Appearance&#46;</p>"
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      ]
      5 => array:8 [
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        "etiqueta" => "Table 4"
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          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "at0030"
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          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">HR&#58; hazard ratio&#46;</p>"
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            0 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col">Univariate&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col">Multivariate&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span> Value <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#40;log-rank&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span> Value&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">HR&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Sex</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#46;06&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#46;35&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#46;60 &#40;0&#46;59&#8211;4&#46;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Age &#62; 50 yrs</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#46;003&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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ISSN: 21735077
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es en pt

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