metricas
covid
Buscar en
Cirugía Española (English Edition)
Toda la web
Inicio Cirugía Española (English Edition) Robotic-like suturing with FlexDex Surgical System® for difficult laparoscopic ...
Journal Information

Statistics

Follow this link to access the full text of the article

Innovation in surgical technique
Robotic-like suturing with FlexDex Surgical System® for difficult laparoscopic suture
Sutura laparoscópica mecanizada con FlexDex Surgical System® para ubicaciones anatómicamente difíciles
María Lourdes García-Jiménez
Corresponding author
lourdesrm91@hotmail.com

Corresponding author.
, Laura Castro-Diez, Javier Aguirrezabalaga-González, José Francisco Noguera-Aguilar
Servicio de Cirugía General y del Aparato Digestivo, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
Read
2311
Times
was read the article
266
Total PDF
2045
Total HTML
Share statistics
 array:24 [
  "pii" => "S2173507721000612"
  "issn" => "21735077"
  "doi" => "10.1016/j.cireng.2021.02.023"
  "estado" => "S300"
  "fechaPublicacion" => "2021-03-01"
  "aid" => "2411"
  "copyright" => "AEC"
  "copyrightAnyo" => "2020"
  "documento" => "article"
  "crossmark" => 1
  "subdocumento" => "fla"
  "cita" => "Cir Esp. 2021;99:222-8"
  "abierto" => array:3 [
    "ES" => true
    "ES2" => true
    "LATM" => true
  ]
  "gratuito" => true
  "lecturas" => array:1 [
    "total" => 0
  ]
  "Traduccion" => array:1 [
    "es" => array:19 [
      "pii" => "S0009739X20303201"
      "issn" => "0009739X"
      "doi" => "10.1016/j.ciresp.2020.10.005"
      "estado" => "S300"
      "fechaPublicacion" => "2021-03-01"
      "aid" => "2411"
      "copyright" => "AEC"
      "documento" => "article"
      "crossmark" => 1
      "subdocumento" => "fla"
      "cita" => "Cir Esp. 2021;99:222-8"
      "abierto" => array:3 [
        "ES" => true
        "ES2" => true
        "LATM" => true
      ]
      "gratuito" => true
      "lecturas" => array:1 [
        "total" => 0
      ]
      "es" => array:13 [
        "idiomaDefecto" => true
        "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Innovaci&#243;n en t&#233;cnica quir&#250;rgica</span>"
        "titulo" => "Sutura laparosc&#243;pica mecanizada con FlexDex Surgical System&#174; para ubicaciones anat&#243;micamente dif&#237;ciles"
        "tienePdf" => "es"
        "tieneTextoCompleto" => "es"
        "tieneResumen" => array:2 [
          0 => "es"
          1 => "en"
        ]
        "paginas" => array:1 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "paginaInicial" => "222"
            "paginaFinal" => "228"
          ]
        ]
        "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
          "en" => array:1 [
            "titulo" => "Robotic-like suturing with FlexDex Surgical System&#174; for difficult laparoscopic suture"
          ]
        ]
        "contieneResumen" => array:2 [
          "es" => true
          "en" => true
        ]
        "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [
          "es" => true
        ]
        "contienePdf" => array:1 [
          "es" => true
        ]
        "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [
          "original" => 0
          "multimedia" => array:7 [
            "identificador" => "fig0040"
            "etiqueta" => "Figura 8"
            "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
            "mostrarFloat" => true
            "mostrarDisplay" => false
            "figura" => array:1 [
              0 => array:4 [
                "imagen" => "gr8.jpeg"
                "Alto" => 1015
                "Ancho" => 1674
                "Tamanyo" => 208338
              ]
            ]
            "descripcion" => array:1 [
              "es" => "<p id="spar0070" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Simulaci&#243;n realizada en nuestro centro con FlexDex&#174; en pelvi-<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">trainer</span>&#46;</p>"
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "autores" => array:1 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "autoresLista" => "Mar&#237;a Lourdes Garc&#237;a-Jim&#233;nez, Laura Castro-Diez, Javier Aguirrezabalaga-Gonz&#225;lez, Jos&#233; Francisco Noguera-Aguilar"
            "autores" => array:4 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "nombre" => "Mar&#237;a Lourdes"
                "apellidos" => "Garc&#237;a-Jim&#233;nez"
              ]
              1 => array:2 [
                "nombre" => "Laura"
                "apellidos" => "Castro-Diez"
              ]
              2 => array:2 [
                "nombre" => "Javier"
                "apellidos" => "Aguirrezabalaga-Gonz&#225;lez"
              ]
              3 => array:2 [
                "nombre" => "Jos&#233; Francisco"
                "apellidos" => "Noguera-Aguilar"
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "idiomaDefecto" => "es"
      "Traduccion" => array:1 [
        "en" => array:9 [
          "pii" => "S2173507721000612"
          "doi" => "10.1016/j.cireng.2021.02.023"
          "estado" => "S300"
          "subdocumento" => ""
          "abierto" => array:3 [
            "ES" => true
            "ES2" => true
            "LATM" => true
          ]
          "gratuito" => true
          "lecturas" => array:1 [
            "total" => 0
          ]
          "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
          "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2173507721000612?idApp=UINPBA00004N"
        ]
      ]
      "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0009739X20303201?idApp=UINPBA00004N"
      "url" => "/0009739X/0000009900000003/v1_202103020701/S0009739X20303201/v1_202103020701/es/main.assets"
    ]
  ]
  "itemSiguiente" => array:19 [
    "pii" => "S2173507721000557"
    "issn" => "21735077"
    "doi" => "10.1016/j.cireng.2021.02.019"
    "estado" => "S300"
    "fechaPublicacion" => "2021-03-01"
    "aid" => "2325"
    "copyright" => "AEC"
    "documento" => "article"
    "crossmark" => 1
    "subdocumento" => "sco"
    "cita" => "Cir Esp. 2021;99:229"
    "abierto" => array:3 [
      "ES" => true
      "ES2" => true
      "LATM" => true
    ]
    "gratuito" => true
    "lecturas" => array:1 [
      "total" => 0
    ]
    "en" => array:11 [
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
      "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Image of the month</span>"
      "titulo" => "Spontaneous transdiaphragmatic intercostal hernia"
      "tienePdf" => "en"
      "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en"
      "paginas" => array:1 [
        0 => array:1 [
          "paginaInicial" => "229"
        ]
      ]
      "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
        "es" => array:1 [
          "titulo" => "Hernia intercostal transdiafragm&#225;tica de origen espont&#225;neo"
        ]
      ]
      "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [
        "en" => true
      ]
      "contienePdf" => array:1 [
        "en" => true
      ]
      "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [
        "original" => 0
        "multimedia" => array:7 [
          "identificador" => "fig0005"
          "etiqueta" => "Fig&#46; 1"
          "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
          "mostrarFloat" => true
          "mostrarDisplay" => false
          "figura" => array:1 [
            0 => array:4 [
              "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg"
              "Alto" => 680
              "Ancho" => 1500
              "Tamanyo" => 103015
            ]
          ]
          "detalles" => array:1 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "at0005"
              "detalle" => "Fig&#46; 1&#46"
              "rol" => "short"
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "autores" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "autoresLista" => "Javier G&#243;mez S&#225;nchez, Patricia Mart&#237;nez Dominguez, Carlos Garde Lecumberri, Benito Mir&#243;n Pozo"
          "autores" => array:4 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Javier"
              "apellidos" => "G&#243;mez S&#225;nchez"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Patricia"
              "apellidos" => "Mart&#237;nez Dominguez"
            ]
            2 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Carlos"
              "apellidos" => "Garde Lecumberri"
            ]
            3 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Benito"
              "apellidos" => "Mir&#243;n Pozo"
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
    "Traduccion" => array:1 [
      "es" => array:9 [
        "pii" => "S0009739X20301962"
        "doi" => "10.1016/j.ciresp.2020.05.025"
        "estado" => "S300"
        "subdocumento" => ""
        "abierto" => array:3 [
          "ES" => true
          "ES2" => true
          "LATM" => true
        ]
        "gratuito" => true
        "lecturas" => array:1 [
          "total" => 0
        ]
        "idiomaDefecto" => "es"
        "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0009739X20301962?idApp=UINPBA00004N"
      ]
    ]
    "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2173507721000557?idApp=UINPBA00004N"
    "url" => "/21735077/0000009900000003/v1_202103170931/S2173507721000557/v1_202103170931/en/main.assets"
  ]
  "itemAnterior" => array:19 [
    "pii" => "S2173507721000478"
    "issn" => "21735077"
    "doi" => "10.1016/j.cireng.2021.02.011"
    "estado" => "S300"
    "fechaPublicacion" => "2021-03-01"
    "aid" => "2294"
    "copyright" => "AEC"
    "documento" => "article"
    "crossmark" => 1
    "subdocumento" => "fla"
    "cita" => "Cir Esp. 2021;99:215-21"
    "abierto" => array:3 [
      "ES" => true
      "ES2" => true
      "LATM" => true
    ]
    "gratuito" => true
    "lecturas" => array:1 [
      "total" => 0
    ]
    "en" => array:14 [
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
      "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Original article</span>"
      "titulo" => "Nipple sparing mastectomy with a de-epithelialized derma-fat flap &#40;modified Spira technique&#41; and direct-to implant reconstruction"
      "tienePdf" => "en"
      "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en"
      "tieneResumen" => array:3 [
        0 => "en"
        1 => "en"
        2 => "es"
      ]
      "paginas" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "paginaInicial" => "215"
          "paginaFinal" => "221"
        ]
      ]
      "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
        "es" => array:1 [
          "titulo" => "Mastectom&#237;a preservadora de piel con colgajo dermograso desepitelizado &#40;t&#233;cnica de Spira modificada&#41; y reconstrucci&#243;n mediante implante directo"
        ]
      ]
      "contieneResumen" => array:2 [
        "en" => true
        "es" => true
      ]
      "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [
        "en" => true
      ]
      "contienePdf" => array:1 [
        "en" => true
      ]
      "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [
        "original" => 1
        "multimedia" => array:5 [
          "identificador" => "fig0015"
          "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
          "mostrarFloat" => false
          "mostrarDisplay" => true
          "figura" => array:1 [
            0 => array:4 [
              "imagen" => "fx1.jpeg"
              "Alto" => 718
              "Ancho" => 1333
              "Tamanyo" => 146058
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "autores" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "autoresLista" => "Marta Allu&#233; Caba&#241;uz, Maria Dolores Arribas del Amo, Ismael Gil Romea, Mar&#237;a Pilar Val-Carreres Rivera, Ram&#243;n Sousa Dom&#237;nguez, Antonio Tom&#225;s G&#252;emes S&#225;nchez"
          "autores" => array:6 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Marta"
              "apellidos" => "Allu&#233; Caba&#241;uz"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Maria Dolores"
              "apellidos" => "Arribas del Amo"
            ]
            2 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Ismael"
              "apellidos" => "Gil Romea"
            ]
            3 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Mar&#237;a Pilar"
              "apellidos" => "Val-Carreres Rivera"
            ]
            4 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Ram&#243;n"
              "apellidos" => "Sousa Dom&#237;nguez"
            ]
            5 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Antonio Tom&#225;s"
              "apellidos" => "G&#252;emes S&#225;nchez"
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "resumen" => array:1 [
        0 => array:3 [
          "titulo" => "Graphical abstract"
          "clase" => "graphical"
          "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall"><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0015"></elsevierMultimedia></p></span>"
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
    "Traduccion" => array:1 [
      "es" => array:9 [
        "pii" => "S0009739X20301652"
        "doi" => "10.1016/j.ciresp.2020.04.028"
        "estado" => "S300"
        "subdocumento" => ""
        "abierto" => array:3 [
          "ES" => true
          "ES2" => true
          "LATM" => true
        ]
        "gratuito" => true
        "lecturas" => array:1 [
          "total" => 0
        ]
        "idiomaDefecto" => "es"
        "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0009739X20301652?idApp=UINPBA00004N"
      ]
    ]
    "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2173507721000478?idApp=UINPBA00004N"
    "url" => "/21735077/0000009900000003/v1_202103170931/S2173507721000478/v1_202103170931/en/main.assets"
  ]
  "en" => array:20 [
    "idiomaDefecto" => true
    "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Innovation in surgical technique</span>"
    "titulo" => "Robotic-like suturing with FlexDex Surgical System&#174; for difficult laparoscopic suture"
    "tieneTextoCompleto" => true
    "paginas" => array:1 [
      0 => array:2 [
        "paginaInicial" => "222"
        "paginaFinal" => "228"
      ]
    ]
    "autores" => array:1 [
      0 => array:4 [
        "autoresLista" => "Mar&#237;a Lourdes Garc&#237;a-Jim&#233;nez, Laura Castro-Diez, Javier Aguirrezabalaga-Gonz&#225;lez, Jos&#233; Francisco Noguera-Aguilar"
        "autores" => array:4 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "nombre" => "Mar&#237;a Lourdes"
            "apellidos" => "Garc&#237;a-Jim&#233;nez"
            "email" => array:1 [
              0 => "lourdesrm91@hotmail.com"
            ]
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "&#42;"
                "identificador" => "cor0005"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          1 => array:2 [
            "nombre" => "Laura"
            "apellidos" => "Castro-Diez"
          ]
          2 => array:2 [
            "nombre" => "Javier"
            "apellidos" => "Aguirrezabalaga-Gonz&#225;lez"
          ]
          3 => array:2 [
            "nombre" => "Jos&#233; Francisco"
            "apellidos" => "Noguera-Aguilar"
          ]
        ]
        "afiliaciones" => array:1 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "entidad" => "Servicio de Cirug&#237;a General y del Aparato Digestivo&#44; Complejo Hospitalario Universitario A Coru&#241;a&#44; A Coru&#241;a&#44; Spain"
            "identificador" => "aff0005"
          ]
        ]
        "correspondencia" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "cor0005"
            "etiqueta" => "&#8270;"
            "correspondencia" => "<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Corresponding author</span>&#46;"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
      "es" => array:1 [
        "titulo" => "Sutura laparosc&#243;pica mecanizada con FlexDex Surgical System&#174; para ubicaciones anat&#243;micamente dif&#237;ciles"
      ]
    ]
    "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [
      "original" => 0
      "multimedia" => array:8 [
        "identificador" => "fig0005"
        "etiqueta" => "Fig&#46; 1"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg"
            "Alto" => 1076
            "Ancho" => 1674
            "Tamanyo" => 95613
          ]
        ]
        "detalles" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "at0005"
            "detalle" => "Fig&#46; "
            "rol" => "short"
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Diagram of FlexDex&#174; robotic arm&#58; A&#41; jaws&#59; B&#41; articulation&#59; C&#41; axis&#59; D&#41;&#58; frame&#59; E&#41; three-axis gimbal&#59; F&#41; handle&#59; G&#41; handle lever&#59; H&#41; rotation dial&#59; I&#41; flexible strips&#59; J&#41; wrist strap&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Introduction</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In recent years&#44; due to the advances in laparoscopic surgery techniques and instrumentation&#44; different fields of innovation have emerged&#44; including robotic surgery&#46; While improved functionality is a common goal&#44; achieving it without a significant increase in cost remains a challenge&#46; In this context&#44; a new tool has emerged&#44; the FlexDex&#174; mechanized arm &#40;FlexDex Surgical&#174;&#44; Brighton&#44; Michigan&#44; USA&#41; &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>&#41;&#44; which combines the precision and range of motion of robotic surgery with greater accessibility&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the safety of the FlexDex&#174; device&#44; and the secondary objectives were to verify its effectiveness and ergonomics&#46; To this end&#44; we conducted a series of surgical procedures with progressively more complex laparoscopic sutures&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0030">Surgical technique</span><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We present a prospective series of 20 laparoscopic procedures that demonstrate the initial experience in our environment with the FlexDex&#174; mechanical arm&#44; used in different surgical techniques requiring manual suture&#46; The study was carried out in two clinical phases of increasing technical difficulty after prior training in an experimental operating room&#46; Initially&#44; 10 Nissen fundoplications were performed&#44; and later the device was used in more complex procedures&#58; four TAPP hernia repairs&#44; four rectal sacropexies&#44; and two reinforcements of colorectal anastomoses&#46;</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In all procedures&#44; we used three-dimensional vision &#40;Karl Storz 3D&#41; and 30&#176; optics&#44; which we consider essential for proper execution of the procedures with FlexDex&#174;&#46; All interventions were performed by two surgeons who are experts in minimally invasive surgery&#46; Depending on the type of procedure performed&#44; the robotic arm was utilized for a different purpose and location&#46; For the Nissen fundoplication&#44; it was used to suture the crura and to create the fundoplication&#59; during the TAPP&#44; to anchor the prosthesis and peritoneal closure&#59; in the rectal sacropexy&#44; to attach the prosthesis to the rectum and promontory&#59; and in colorectal anastomoses at risk&#44; for anastomotic reinforcing suture&#46;</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">To present the surgical technique and particularities of the FlexDex&#174;&#44; we will refer to the Nissen fundoplication&#44; as it is the largest series and included the first 10 cases we performed&#46;</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">After anesthesia induction and positioning of the patient with the legs lowered&#44; a 12&#8239;mm optical trocar was placed in the navel&#44; an 11&#8239;mm trocar in the left pararectal position for FlexDex&#174; and the insertion&#47;withdrawal of needles&#44; and three 5-mm trocars &#40;right pararectal&#44; subxiphoid&#44; left anterior axillary line&#41;&#46; It was necessary to separate the trocar through which the FlexDex&#174; was inserted at least 8&#8239;cm from the optical trocar and the assistant&#44; thus avoiding forced positions and optimizing the ergonomics for the operator&#46; This spacing between trocars is necessary to prevent space conflicts when rotating the arc of the device&#46; It is important to note that when the suture is introduced into the abdomen&#44; the tip of the device must be accompanied with the left hand during its insertion into the trocar&#46;</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The antireflux surgery was performed following the Nissen technique&#44; performing hiatal repair after a wide esophageal dissection&#44; into which the FlexDex&#174; instrument was inserted to perform the 2&#8722;0 silk suture in the lower part of the hiatus&#44; one supraesophageal suture and three interrupted sutures &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig&#46; 2</a>&#41; to create the fundoplication&#44; respecting a distance of approximately 1&#8239;cm between them &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0015">Fig&#46; 3</a>&#41;&#46; The surgical suture was performed&#44; achieving correct positioning of both the needle holder and the needle &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0020">Fig&#46; 4</a>&#41;&#46; Likewise&#44; intracorporeal knotting was facilitated thanks to the articulation of the distal part of the needle holder&#44; largely avoiding tissue traction &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0025">Fig&#46; 5</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0015"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0020"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0025"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">To evaluate this technology&#44; a visual analog scale &#40;VAS&#41; was used for participating surgeons to subjectively evaluate the device immediately after its use&#44; evaluating the safety&#44; efficacy and ergonomics of the tool from one to 10&#46; The range of values had a mean of 6&#8211;7 during the training period&#44; which rose to 9&#8211;10 after clinical use of the instrument&#46; In their evaluations&#44; the surgeons highlighted that FlexDex&#174; allowed for sutures and knots to be executed with considerably less effort than with the conventional laparoscopic technique&#44; improving the ergonomics and efficiency for the operator&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Discussion</span><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Minimally invasive surgery has flourished in recent years&#44; as it provides several advantages&#58;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> smaller incisions&#44; shorter hospital stays&#44; less postoperative pain&#44; and faster patient recovery&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> However&#44; laparoscopic techniques are associated with several technical challenges&#44; such as restricted movement of straight laparoscopic instruments&#44; two-dimensional vision&#44; and poor ergonomics for surgeons&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a></p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">One of the most effective improvements in the field of minimally invasive surgery was the implementation of robotic systems&#46; The DaVinci&#174; system &#40;Intuitive Surgical&#44; Sunnyvale&#44; California&#44; USA&#41; enables surgeons to operate with greater precision&#44; range of motion&#44; ergonomics&#44; and comfort&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> However&#44; it also presents a series of drawbacks&#44; such as the lack of haptic perception for the surgeon on the tissues<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> or the limited accessibility and maneuverability in the abdominal cavity due to the size of the robotic arms&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> Currently&#44; the Da Vinci&#174; system is the only robotic surgical platform available on the market that enables remote manipulation in minimally invasive surgery&#46; This technology has a significant cost&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> which would explain why its use has not yet become widespread&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a></p><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Since the first laparoscopic cholecystectomy in 1985&#44; there has been little progress in laparoscopic instruments&#46; Standard-use tools fail to optimize mobility in limited spaces&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> The FlexDex&#174; system is a technology developed on the three axes and integrated into a conventional laparoscopic instrument&#44; which transmits the movements of the surgeon&#8217;s hand&#44; wrist and arm from outside the patient to an end-effector inside the patient&#8217;s body &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0030">Fig&#46; 6</a>&#41;&#46; Its greater accessibility enables suturing in areas with difficult access where mobility with conventional laparoscopic instruments is not optimal&#44; such as in the case of the pelvis and hiatus&#46; It also allows surgeons to avoid forced hand movements thanks to the transmission of a wide freedom of movement at the tip of the device &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0035">Fig&#46; 7</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0030"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0035"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">As during the early days of conventional laparoscopy&#44; the effort of the operator will be essential to optimize the potential of FlexDex&#174; and facilitate its implementation&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> In this case&#44; the main difficulty is the need to coordinate the movements of the left hand &#40;which will handle a standard laparoscopic instrument&#41;&#44; with those of the right hand&#44; whose movements are transmitted inverse to conventional laparoscopy when using FlexDex&#174;&#46;</p><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In 2017&#44; Criss et al<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> published the first experience with the use of FlexDex&#174;&#44; performing reoperation of a laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication&#46; They concluded that the use of FlexDex&#174; had improved the surgeon&#8217;s operative control within a reduced space&#44; and intracorporeal knotting could be done with considerably less effort&#46; Subsequently&#44; there have been few studies about the technology and use of FlexDex&#174;&#46; One that we should highlight is the prospective simulation study carried out by Criss et al&#46; in 2019&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a> where the ergonomics&#44; difficulty of use and performance of FlexDex&#174; were evaluated in different groups using this instrument for the first time&#46; The surgeons who operated with FlexDex&#174; described improved ergonomics and more effective intracorporeal sutures in difficult-to-access locations&#46;</p><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In our case&#44; the instrument was evaluated by two surgeons who are experts in laparoscopic surgery and who had undergone training in pelvi-trainer and a porcine animal model for a total of 10&#8239;h&#46; In our opinion&#44; prior to handling FlexDex&#174;&#44; the surgeon must be trained in laparoscopic surgery and have complete mastery of intracorporeal sutures&#46;</p><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Furthermore&#44; we recommend a sequential approach to handling the instrument&#44; starting the simulation in a pelvi-trainer or model &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0040">Fig&#46; 8</a>&#41;&#44; continuing with organic tissue and a live animal model &#40;if available&#41;&#44; until adequate right-left hand coordination is achieved&#46; Once this goal is met&#44; maximum efficacy with the device will be reached&#46; However&#44; for surgeons who have not undergone a prior training period&#44; it does not seem prudent to make clinical use of this tool&#44; as it could result in increased surgical time and possibly affect patient safety&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0040"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">None of our patients presented intraoperative complications&#44; which was the primary objective of the study in terms of safety&#46; Given that these 20 cases represent an initial experience in the use of FlexDex&#174;&#44; the adaptation to the tool could have compromised the surgical time&#59; however&#44; it did not increase&#46;</p><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Given these results&#44; it is expected that FlexDex&#174; may evolve to become a functional option that is economically affordable&#44; especially in hospitals with no access to robotic surgery&#46; In our opinion&#44; it could provide an excellent alternative to robotic systems in complex surgical procedures&#44; offering surgeons the precision and control they desire&#44; while maintaining a balance between cost&#44; outcome and patient benefit&#46; In addition&#44; its current needle driver opens the door to the addition of a wide range of end-effectors&#44; allowing for the use of a dissector&#44; scissors or to apply energy&#44; either associated with these terminals or in the form of tissue sealants&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">Funding</span><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This study has received no funding of any kind&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Conflict of interests</span><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors have no conflict of interests to declare&#46;</p></span></span>"
    "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [
      "secciones" => array:10 [
        0 => array:3 [
          "identificador" => "xres1481432"
          "titulo" => "Abstract"
          "secciones" => array:1 [
            0 => array:1 [
              "identificador" => "abst0005"
            ]
          ]
        ]
        1 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1348991"
          "titulo" => "Keywords"
        ]
        2 => array:3 [
          "identificador" => "xres1481431"
          "titulo" => "Resumen"
          "secciones" => array:1 [
            0 => array:1 [
              "identificador" => "abst0010"
            ]
          ]
        ]
        3 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1348992"
          "titulo" => "Palabras clave"
        ]
        4 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0005"
          "titulo" => "Introduction"
        ]
        5 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0010"
          "titulo" => "Surgical technique"
        ]
        6 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0015"
          "titulo" => "Discussion"
        ]
        7 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0020"
          "titulo" => "Funding"
        ]
        8 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0025"
          "titulo" => "Conflict of interests"
        ]
        9 => array:1 [
          "titulo" => "References"
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf"
    "tienePdf" => true
    "fechaRecibido" => "2020-06-23"
    "fechaAceptado" => "2020-10-12"
    "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [
      "en" => array:1 [
        0 => array:4 [
          "clase" => "keyword"
          "titulo" => "Keywords"
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1348991"
          "palabras" => array:5 [
            0 => "FlexDex"
            1 => "Innovaci&#243;n quir&#250;rgica"
            2 => "Cirug&#237;a laparosc&#243;pica"
            3 => "Cirug&#237;a rob&#243;tica"
            4 => "Cirug&#237;a m&#237;nimamente invasiva"
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "es" => array:1 [
        0 => array:4 [
          "clase" => "keyword"
          "titulo" => "Palabras clave"
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1348992"
          "palabras" => array:5 [
            0 => "FlexDex"
            1 => "Surgical innovation"
            2 => "Laparoscopic surgery"
            3 => "Robotic surgery"
            4 => "Minimally invasive surgery"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "tieneResumen" => true
    "resumen" => array:2 [
      "en" => array:2 [
        "titulo" => "Abstract"
        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The field of laparoscopic surgery has experienced an exponential growth in recent years&#46; Despite great progress in this field&#44; standard laparoscopic tools have not been optimally developed and still have some deficiencies when it comes to mobility and ergonomics&#46;</p><p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Robotic surgery has attempted to solve these problems by improving the articulation of surgical instruments&#46; However&#44; it presents a series of disadvantages&#44; among which are its high cost&#44; low availability and the need for specific training&#44; which conditions its profitability and hinders widespread use&#46;</p><p id="spar0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">We present the results of a prospective clinical series of 20 cases in which the safety&#44; efficacy and ergonomics of FlexDex&#174; have been tested for performing laparoscopic intracorporeal sutures&#46; The result is a safe and functional tool that offers both control and precision in its handling&#44; while improving the ergonomics of the surgeon&#46; This device represents an alternative that combines the precision and range of movements of robotic surgery with the greater availability of conventional laparoscopy&#46;</p></span>"
      ]
      "es" => array:2 [
        "titulo" => "Resumen"
        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><p id="spar0060" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">El campo de la cirug&#237;a laparosc&#243;pica ha experimentado un crecimiento exponencial en los &#250;ltimos a&#241;os&#46; A pesar de los grandes avances en este campo&#44; las herramientas laparosc&#243;picas est&#225;ndar no han logrado su desarrollo &#243;ptimo&#44; presentando ciertas deficiencias en lo que a movilidad y ergonom&#237;a se refiere&#46;</p><p id="spar0065" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">La cirug&#237;a rob&#243;tica ha intentado aportar soluciones a estos problemas&#44; sin embargo&#44; existen inconvenientes&#44; entre los que se encuentran su elevado coste&#44; escasa disponibilidad y la necesidad de capacitaci&#243;n espec&#237;fica&#44; lo que condiciona su rentabilidad y generalizaci&#243;n de uso&#46;</p><p id="spar0070" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Presentamos los resultados de una serie cl&#237;nica prospectiva de 20 casos&#44; en los que se ha testado la seguridad&#44; eficacia y ergonom&#237;a de FlexDex&#174; para la realizaci&#243;n de suturas intracorp&#243;reas laparosc&#243;picas&#46; El resultado muestra una herramienta segura y funcional que ofrece control y precisi&#243;n en su manejo&#44; adem&#225;s de mejorar la ergonom&#237;a del cirujano&#46; Este dispositivo supone una alternativa que combina la precisi&#243;n y el rango de movimientos de la cirug&#237;a rob&#243;tica&#44; con la mayor disponibilidad de la laparoscopia convencional&#46;</p></span>"
      ]
    ]
    "NotaPie" => array:1 [
      0 => array:2 [
        "etiqueta" => "&#9734;"
        "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005">Please cite this article as&#58; Garc&#237;a-Jim&#233;nez ML&#44; Castro-Diez L&#44; Aguirrezabalaga-Gonz&#225;lez J&#44; Noguera-Aguilar JF&#46; Sutura laparosc&#243;pica mecanizada con FlexDex Surgical System&#174; para ubicaciones anat&#243;micamente dif&#237;ciles&#46; Cir Esp&#46; 2021&#59;99&#58;222&#8211;228&#46;</p>"
      ]
    ]
    "multimedia" => array:8 [
      0 => array:8 [
        "identificador" => "fig0005"
        "etiqueta" => "Fig&#46; 1"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg"
            "Alto" => 1076
            "Ancho" => 1674
            "Tamanyo" => 95613
          ]
        ]
        "detalles" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "at0005"
            "detalle" => "Fig&#46; "
            "rol" => "short"
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Diagram of FlexDex&#174; robotic arm&#58; A&#41; jaws&#59; B&#41; articulation&#59; C&#41; axis&#59; D&#41;&#58; frame&#59; E&#41; three-axis gimbal&#59; F&#41; handle&#59; G&#41; handle lever&#59; H&#41; rotation dial&#59; I&#41; flexible strips&#59; J&#41; wrist strap&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      1 => array:8 [
        "identificador" => "fig0010"
        "etiqueta" => "Fig&#46; 2"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg"
            "Alto" => 1673
            "Ancho" => 1674
            "Tamanyo" => 423782
          ]
        ]
        "detalles" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "at0010"
            "detalle" => "Fig&#46; "
            "rol" => "short"
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Intracorporeal suture for Nissen fundoplication using FlexDex&#174;&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      2 => array:8 [
        "identificador" => "fig0015"
        "etiqueta" => "Fig&#46; 3"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "gr3.jpeg"
            "Alto" => 1672
            "Ancho" => 1674
            "Tamanyo" => 397579
          ]
        ]
        "detalles" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "at0015"
            "detalle" => "Fig&#46; "
            "rol" => "short"
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Final result after intracorporeal suture using FlexDex&#174; to create a Nissen fundoplication&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      3 => array:8 [
        "identificador" => "fig0020"
        "etiqueta" => "Fig&#46; 4"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "gr4.jpeg"
            "Alto" => 1672
            "Ancho" => 1674
            "Tamanyo" => 372965
          ]
        ]
        "detalles" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "at0020"
            "detalle" => "Fig&#46; "
            "rol" => "short"
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Positioning of the needle in the needle driver&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      4 => array:8 [
        "identificador" => "fig0025"
        "etiqueta" => "Fig&#46; 5"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "gr5.jpeg"
            "Alto" => 1691
            "Ancho" => 1674
            "Tamanyo" => 394161
          ]
        ]
        "detalles" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "at0025"
            "detalle" => "Fig&#46; "
            "rol" => "short"
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Intracorporeal knotting with FlexDex<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#174;&#46;</span></p>"
        ]
      ]
      5 => array:8 [
        "identificador" => "fig0030"
        "etiqueta" => "Fig&#46; 6"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "gr6.jpeg"
            "Alto" => 763
            "Ancho" => 1207
            "Tamanyo" => 103796
          ]
        ]
        "detalles" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "at0030"
            "detalle" => "Fig&#46; "
            "rol" => "short"
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Positioning of FlexDex&#174; in the surgeon&#8217;s hand&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      6 => array:8 [
        "identificador" => "fig0035"
        "etiqueta" => "Fig&#46; 7"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "gr7.jpeg"
            "Alto" => 903
            "Ancho" => 1674
            "Tamanyo" => 97512
          ]
        ]
        "detalles" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "at0035"
            "detalle" => "Fig&#46; "
            "rol" => "short"
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Articulation in the FlexDex&#174; tip&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      7 => array:8 [
        "identificador" => "fig0040"
        "etiqueta" => "Fig&#46; 8"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "gr8.jpeg"
            "Alto" => 1015
            "Ancho" => 1674
            "Tamanyo" => 208338
          ]
        ]
        "detalles" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "at0040"
            "detalle" => "Fig&#46; "
            "rol" => "short"
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Simulation at our hospital with FlexDex&#174; in pelvi-trainer&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "bibliografia" => array:2 [
      "titulo" => "References"
      "seccion" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "bibs0005"
          "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:8 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0005"
              "etiqueta" => "1"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "The role of technology in minimally invasive surgery&#58; State of the art&#44; recent developments and future directions"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:5 [
                            0 => "M&#46; Tonutti"
                            1 => "D&#46;S&#46; Elson"
                            2 => "G&#46;Z&#46; Yang"
                            3 => "A&#46;W&#46; Darzi"
                            4 => "M&#46;H&#46; Sodergren"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Postgrad Med J&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2017"
                        "volumen" => "93"
                        "paginaInicial" => "159"
                        "paginaFinal" => "167"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            1 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0010"
              "etiqueta" => "2"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "A randomized comparison of conventional vs articulating laparoscopic needle-drivers for performing standardized suturing tasks by laparoscopy-naive subjects"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "A&#46; Tuncel"
                            1 => "S&#46; Lucas"
                            2 => "K&#46; Bensalah"
                            3 => "I&#46;S&#46; Zeltser"
                            4 => "A&#46; Jenkins"
                            5 => "O&#46; Saeedi"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1111/j.1464-410X.2007.07220.x"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "BJU Int&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2008"
                        "volumen" => "101"
                        "paginaInicial" => "727"
                        "paginaFinal" => "730"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17868415"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            2 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0015"
              "etiqueta" => "3"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "A novel intuitively controlled articulating instrument for reoperative foregut surgery&#58; a case report"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "C&#46;N&#46; Criss"
                            1 => "M&#46;W&#46; Ralls"
                            2 => "K&#46;N&#46; Johnson"
                            3 => "S&#46; Awtar"
                            4 => "M&#46;D&#46; Jarboe"
                            5 => "J&#46;D&#46; Geiger"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2017"
                        "volumen" => "27"
                        "paginaInicial" => "983"
                        "paginaFinal" => "986"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            3 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0020"
              "etiqueta" => "4"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "FlexDex&#8482;&#58; A minimally invasive surgical tool with enhanced dexterity and intuitive control"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:5 [
                            0 => "S&#46; Awtar"
                            1 => "T&#46;T&#46; Trutna"
                            2 => "J&#46;M&#46; Nielsen"
                            3 => "R&#46; Abani"
                            4 => "J&#46; Geiger"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Med Devices&#44; Trans ASME&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2010"
                        "volumen" => "4"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1"
                        "paginaFinal" => "8"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            4 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0025"
              "etiqueta" => "5"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Advantages and limits of robot-assisted laparoscopic surgery&#58; Preliminary experience"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "F&#46; Corcione"
                            1 => "C&#46; Esposito"
                            2 => "D&#46; Cuccurullo"
                            3 => "A&#46; Settembre"
                            4 => "N&#46; Miranda"
                            5 => "F&#46; Amato"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Surg Endosc Other Interv Tech&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2005"
                        "volumen" => "19"
                        "paginaInicial" => "117"
                        "paginaFinal" => "119"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            5 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0030"
              "etiqueta" => "6"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Robotics in general surgery&#58; A systematic cost assessment"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "I&#46;D&#46; Gkegkes"
                            1 => "I&#46;A&#46; Mamais"
                            2 => "C&#46; Iavazzo"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.4103/0972-9941.195565"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Minim Access Surg&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2017"
                        "volumen" => "13"
                        "paginaInicial" => "243"
                        "paginaFinal" => "255"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28000648"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            6 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0035"
              "etiqueta" => "7"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Are Costs of Robot-Assisted Surgery Warranted for Gynecological Procedures&#63;"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "P&#46; van Dam"
                            1 => "J&#46; Hauspy"
                            2 => "L&#46; Verkinderen"
                            3 => "X&#46;B&#46; Trinh"
                            4 => "P&#46;-J&#46; van Dam"
                            5 => "L&#46; Van Looy"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Obstet Gynecol Int&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2011"
                        "volumen" => "2011"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1"
                        "paginaFinal" => "6"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            7 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0040"
              "etiqueta" => "8"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Evaluating a Solely Mechanical Articulating Laparoscopic Device&#58; A Prospective Randomized Crossover Study"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:5 [
                            0 => "C&#46;N&#46; Criss"
                            1 => "M&#46;D&#46; Jarboe"
                            2 => "J&#46; Claflin"
                            3 => "N&#46; Matusko"
                            4 => "D&#46;M&#46; Rooney"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2019"
                        "volumen" => "29"
                        "paginaInicial" => "542"
                        "paginaFinal" => "550"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
  ]
  "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
  "url" => "/21735077/0000009900000003/v1_202103170931/S2173507721000612/v1_202103170931/en/main.assets"
  "Apartado" => array:4 [
    "identificador" => "15077"
    "tipo" => "SECCION"
    "en" => array:2 [
      "titulo" => "Innovation in surgical technique"
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
  ]
  "PDF" => "https://static.elsevier.es/multimedia/21735077/0000009900000003/v1_202103170931/S2173507721000612/v1_202103170931/en/main.pdf?idApp=UINPBA00004N&text.app=https://www.elsevier.es/"
  "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2173507721000612?idApp=UINPBA00004N"
]
Article information
ISSN: 21735077
Original language: English
The statistics are updated each day
Year/Month Html Pdf Total
2024 November 19 2 21
2024 October 98 13 111
2024 September 110 12 122
2024 August 72 14 86
2024 July 59 8 67
2024 June 69 8 77
2024 May 62 3 65
2024 April 76 3 79
2024 March 55 6 61
2024 February 61 3 64
2024 January 124 2 126
2023 December 107 8 115
2023 November 104 9 113
2023 October 139 9 148
2023 September 70 3 73
2023 August 67 4 71
2023 July 63 7 70
2023 June 72 6 78
2023 May 100 8 108
2023 April 67 5 72
2023 March 74 14 88
2023 February 43 6 49
2023 January 38 9 47
2022 December 39 14 53
2022 November 43 7 50
2022 October 39 9 48
2022 September 29 21 50
2022 August 30 14 44
2022 July 26 13 39
2022 June 22 6 28
2022 May 28 6 34
2022 April 22 6 28
2022 March 18 8 26
Show all

Follow this link to access the full text of the article

es en pt

¿Es usted profesional sanitario apto para prescribir o dispensar medicamentos?

Are you a health professional able to prescribe or dispense drugs?

Você é um profissional de saúde habilitado a prescrever ou dispensar medicamentos