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Vol. 85. Issue 1.
Pages 45-52 (January 2009)
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Vol. 85. Issue 1.
Pages 45-52 (January 2009)
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Epidemiological study of preoperative anaemia in surgical oncology patients in spain. RECIRON study
Estudio epidemiológico de la anemia preoperatoria en pacientes sometidos a cirugía oncológica en España. Estudio RECIRON
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1109
Lourdes Durána,b,
Corresponding author
ldurangi38@hotmail.com

Author for correspondence.
, Victoria Morala,c, Misericordia Basoraa,d, María José Colominaa,e, Juan Vicente Llaua,f, Calixto Andrés Sáncheza,g, Sonsoles Silvaa,h, Miguel Vilaa,i
a Grupo de Estudio para el Ahorro de Sangre (GEAS)
b Servicio de Anestesiología y Reanimación, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
c Servicio de Anestesiología y Reanimación, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
d Servicio de Anestesiología y Reanimación, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
e Servicio de Anestesiología y Reanimación, Hospital Vall d’Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
f Servicio de Anestesiología y Reanimación, Hospital Clínico, Valencia, Spain
g Servicio de Anestesiología y Reanimación, Hospital General de Elda, Alicante, Spain
h Servicio de Anestesiología y Reanimación, Hospital General Insular, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain
i Servicio de Anestesiología y Reanimación, Hospital General de Castellón, Castellón, Spain
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Abstract
Introduction

Anaemia is common in oncology patients who are going to have surgery for tumour resection. Allogenic blood transfusion has been associated with a greater incidence of postoperative complications. The aim of this study is to analyse current clinical practice as regards the preoperative treatment and conditions of these patients in Spain.

Material and method

This is an epidemiological observational study which included 472 patients from different hospitals. The data included in the clinical history was analysed: tumour location, preoperative laboratory tests, functional situation (Karnofsky index [KI]), anaemia treatment, and transfusions given since the diagnosis.

Results

As regards the tumour location, 181 were urological (38.3%), 161 digestive system (34.1%), and 130 gynaecological (27.5%). The time from the initial diagnosis until surgical intervention was 6.2 (6) weeks, and 19.1 (23) days from the anaesthetist visit to the surgical operation. The mean pre-operative haemoglobin (Hb) was 13.1 (2) g/dL. The anaemia was treated in 12.9% of the patients and 15% (69 patients) received a transfusion before surgery. A total of 28.1% patients had a KI ≤80. The lowest preoperative haemoglobin levels are associated with the lowest KI.

Conclusions

Anaemia is present in a high percentage of oncology patients who are going to be surgically treated. Preoperative blood transfusion is the most common treatment. It was observed that there is sufficient preoperative time to be able to improve preparation of the patient for surgery.

Keywords:
Transfusional practice
Oncological surgery
Anaemia
Allogenic transfusion
Resumen
Introducción

La anemia es frecuente en el paciente oncológico que va a ser sometido a cirugía para resección tumoral. La transfusión de sangre alogénica se ha relacionado con una mayor incidencia de complicaciones postoperatorias. El objetivo de este estudio es analizar la práctica clínica actual en relación con el tratamiento y las condiciones preoperatorias de estos pacientes en nuestro medio.

Material y método

Se trata de un estudio observacional epidemiológico en el que se incluye a 472 pacientes procedentes de distintos hospitales. Se analizan los datos incluidos en la historia clínica: Localización tumoral, analítica preoperatoria, situación funcional (índice de Karnofsky [IK]), tratamiento de la anemia y transfusiones realizadas desde el diagnóstico.

Resultados

Según la localización tumoral, hay 181 tumores urológicos (38,3%), 161 digestivos (34,1%) y 130 ginecológicos (27,5%). El tiempo transcurrido desde el momento del diagnóstico hasta la intervención quirúrgica fue de 6,2±6 semanas, y 19,1±23 días desde la consulta de preanestesia hasta la intervención quirúrgica. La hemoglobina (Hb) preoperatoria media fue 13,1±2g/dl. En el 12,9% de los pacientes se trató la anemia y un 15% (69 pacientes) recibió alguna transfusión antes de la cirugía. El 28,1% de los pacientes presentaban un IK ≤ 80. Las cifras preoperatorias de Hb más bajas se relacionan con los IK más bajos.

Conclusiones

Un porcentaje elevado de pacientes oncológicos que van a ser tratados quirúrgicamente tienen anemia. La transfusión de sangre preoperatoria es el tratamiento más frecuente. Se observa que hay un tiempo preoperatorio suficiente que permitiría mejorar la preparación del paciente para la intervención quirúrgica.

Palabras clave:
Práctica transfusional
Cirugía oncológica
Anemia
Transfusión alogénica
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