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Vol. 89. Issue 3.
Pages 159-166 (March 2011)
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Vol. 89. Issue 3.
Pages 159-166 (March 2011)
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Implementation of a perioperative multimodal rehabilitation protocol in elective colorectal surgery. A prospective randomised controlled study
Implantación de un protocolo de rehabilitación multimodal perioperatoria en cirugía colorrectal electiva. Estudio prospectivo, aleatorizado y controlado
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Stephanie García-Botelloa,
Corresponding author
stephaniegarcia@telefonica.net

Corresponding author.
, Raúl Cánovas de Lucasa, Carlos Tornerob, Benjamín Escamillab, Alejandro Espí-Macíasa, Pedro Esclapez-Valeroa, Blas Flor-Lorentea, Eduardo García-Graneroa
a Unidad de Coloproctología, Servicio de Cirugía General y del Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Valencia, Spain
b Unidad del Dolor Agudo, Servicio de Anestesia y Reanimación, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Valencia, Spain
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Abstract
Introduction

Multimodal rehabilitation (MMR) consists of a combination of several methods for management of the surgical patient, designed to reduce the response to surgical stress and a more comfortable and earlier recovery.

Objective

To assess the implementation of an MMR protocol in a Colorectal Surgery Unit, and to compare the results with the traditional model, as well as assessing its efficacy as regards recovery and hospital stay.

Material and methods

A total of 119 patients who received elective surgery for colorectal diseases in a period during 2009–2010 were prospectively and randomly analysed. The patients were divided into 2 groups: 58 patients were assigned to the traditional group and 61 to the MMR group. The MMR group protocol consisted of, preoperative education, early feeding and mobilisation.

Results

Both groups were homogeneous as regards the preoperative variables evaluated, the type of disease and the procedures carried out. The nasogastric tube was kept in place for 4 (1–9) days compared to 1 day (0–2) in the MMR group, with no differences in the number of re-insertions. Significant differences were found in the introduction of a liquid diet (3 [1–5] days traditional versus 0 [0–2] MMR) (P<.001), and passing of first flatulence (3 [1–6] days traditional versus 1 [1–3] MMR) (P<.001). The MMR group had a postoperative stay of 4.15±2.18 versus 9.23±6.97 days in the traditional group (P<.001). No significant differences were found in complications or readmissions.

Conclusions

MMR in colorectal surgery in the Spanish public health system is feasible and enables surgical patients to have a faster recovery without increasing complications, leading to an earlier hospital discharge.

Keywords:
Colorectal surgery
Multimodal rehabilitation
Fast track
Early feeding
Resumen
Introducción

La rehabilitación multimodal (RMM) consiste en la combinación de varios métodos para el manejo del paciente quirúrgico encaminados a disminuir la respuesta al estrés quirúrgico y una recuperación más cómoda y precoz.

Objetivo

Valorar la implantación de un protocolo de RMM en una unidad de cirugía colorrectal y comparar los resultados con el modelo tradicional, valorando su eficacia en cuanto a recuperación y estancia.

Material y métodos

Se analizó prospectiva y aleatorizadamente a 119 pacientes intervenidos de forma electiva por enfermedad colorrectal entre 2009 y 2010. Se asignó a 58 pacientes al grupo tradicional y 61 al grupo RMM. La RMM consistió en educación preoperatoria, alimentación y movilización precoz.

Resultados

Ambos grupos eran homogéneos en cuanto a variables preoperatorias valoradas, el tipo de enfermedad y los procedimientos realizados. La sonda nasogástrica se mantuvo en el grupo tradicional 4 (1–9) días frente a 1 (0–2) días en el grupo RMM, sin diferencias en la reinserción de la sonda. Se encontraron diferencias significativas en el inicio de la dieta líquida —3 (1–5) días tradicional, frente a 0 (0–2) con RMM (p<0,001)— y expulsión de la primera ventosidad —3 (1–6) días tradicional, frente a 1 (1–3) con RMM (p<0,001)—. Los pacientes en el grupo RMM tuvieron una estancia postoperatoria de 4,15±2,18, frente a 9,23±6,97 días del grupo tradicional (p<0,001). No se encontraron diferencias significativas en las complicaciones o reingresos.

Conclusiones

La RMM en cirugía colorrectal en el sistema sanitario público español es factible y permite una más rápida recuperación de los pacientes operados sin aumentar las complicaciones, permitiendo un alta hospitalaria precoz.

Palabras clave:
Cirugía colorrectal
Rehabilitación multimodal perioperatoria
Alimentación precoz
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Registration: this study has been registered on ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01148394.

Copyright © 2011. Asociación Española de Cirujanos
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