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Inicio Cirugía Española (English Edition) Predictive factors of mortality in severe ischaemic colitis: post-operative anal...
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Vol. 85. Issue 6.
Pages 348-353 (June 2009)
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Vol. 85. Issue 6.
Pages 348-353 (June 2009)
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Predictive factors of mortality in severe ischaemic colitis: post-operative analysis of 101 patients
Factores predictores de mortalidad en la colitis isquémica grave: análisis de 101 pacientes intervenidos
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Daniel Serralta de Colsaa,
Corresponding author
lallamaquellama79@hotmail.com

Author for correspondence.
, Irene Arjona Medinab, Andrés García-Marína, Jorge Martín-Gila, María Dolores Pérez-Díaza, Fernando Turégano Fuentesa
a Servicio de Cirugía General y del Aparato Digestivo 2, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
b Servicio de Cirugía General, Hospital General de Ciudad Real, Ciudad Real, Spain
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Abstract
Introduction

Ischaemic colitis (IC) is the most common form of bowel ischaemia and is often under-diagnosed.

Objectives

To report the results obtained in patients with IC who required surgical intervention in our Hospital, and to evaluate the predictive factors of mortality.

Methods

The data were obtained from the Hospital Gregorio Marañon CI database. The demographic and clinical characteristics, diagnostic methods, surgical techniques employed and mortality were analysed statistically, using the χ2 and Student t test.

Results

One-hundred and one patients with CI were operated on between 1991 and 2006. The majority of them had cardiovascular histories and 35 cases were diagnosed during their hospital stay due to another cause. The signs and the symptoms were non-specific in 40% of the cases. Total morbidity and mortality was 39.6% and 41.6% respectively. In the post-operative IC cases, the death rate increased to 68% (P<.01); 93% of the patients who died had transmural necrosis during the surgery (P<.05); and 69% had a metabolic acidosis.

Conclusions

The death rate in patients with IC that requires surgery is high, particularly if the diagnosis is made in the post-operative period after surgery for another cause, or if there is evidence of transmural necrosis during the intervention. Early diagnosis is the best tool to improve these results.

Keywords:
Severe ischaemic colitis
Surgery
Mortality factors
Resumen
Introducción

La colitis isquémica (CI) es la forma más frecuente de enfermedad isquémica digestiva y está infradiagnosticada.

Objetivos

Describir los resultados obtenidos en pacientes con CI que necesitaron de intervención quirúrgica en nuestro centro, y evaluar los factores predictores de mortalidad.

Métodos

Los datos fueron obtenidos de la base de CI del Hospital Gregorio Marañón. Las características demográficas, clínicas, los métodos diagnósticos, las técnicas quirúrgicas empleadas y la mortalidad fueron analizados estadísticamente empleando la prueba de la χ2 y la t de Student.

Resultados

Entre 1991 y 2006, se operó a 101 pacientes con CI. La mayoría de éstos tenían antecedentes cardiovasculares y 35 casos fueron diagnosticados durante su ingreso hospitalario por otra causa. Tanto los signos como los síntomas fueron inespecíficos en el 40% de los casos. La morbilidad y la mortalidad total fue del 39,6 y el 41,6%, respectivamente. En los casos de CI postoperatoria, la mortalidad se elevó hasta el 68% (p<0,01); el 93% de los paciente que fallecieron tenían necrosis transmural durante la cirugía (p<0,05) y el 69% tenía acidosis metabólica.

Conclusiones

La mortalidad en pacientes afectos de CI que necesitan intervención quirúrgica es alta, especialmente si el diagnóstico se hace en el postoperatorio de otra cirugía o si se evidencia necrosis transmural durante la intervención. Para mejorar estos resultados el diagnóstico precoz es la mejor arma, y debe basarse en un alto índice de sospecha

Palabras clave:
Colitis isquémica grave
Cirugía
Factores predictores de mortalidad
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