Article information
Resumen
En la formación de nuevos vasos intervienen las células endoteliales progenitoras circulantes (vasculogénesis) y las células endoteliales vasculares (angiogénesis). Recientemente se ha demostrado que los inhibidores de la HMG-CoA reductasa (estatinas) a dosis hipolipemiantes potencian la vasculogénesis y que, en general, a dosis bajas potencian la angiogénesis; sin embargo a dosis altas la inhiben. El mecanismo a través del cual ejercen estos efectos es independiente de su efecto hipolipemiante. En la actualidad se desconoce si parte de su efecto cardioprotector puede deberse a éstos u otros efectos pleiotrópicos. La mayoría de los estudios clínicos indican que las estatinas no incrementan la incidencia de cáncer; por el contrario, según datos del estudio 4S, estos fármacos podrían reducir la incidencia de cáncer. Sin embargo, se necesitan estudios clínicos diseñados específicamente para determinar si las estatinas pueden modular la angiogénesis y, de ese modo, afectar al crecimiento y a la propagación de tumores.
Palabras clave:
Angiogénesis
Células endoteliales progenitoras
Estatinas
Cáncer
Abstract
Circulating endothelial progenitor cells (vasculogenesis) and vascular endothelial cells (angiogenesis) play a role in the formation of new vessels. Recently, HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) at lipid lowering doses have been demonstrated to promote vasculogenesis and, at low doses, to promote angiogenesis; high doses, however, inhibit angiogenesis. The mechanism through which they exert these effects is independent of their lipid lowering effect. Currently, it is not known whether their cardioprotective effect could be due to these effects or to other pleiotropic effects. Most clinical studies indicate that statins do not increase the incidence of cancer; on the contrary, according to data from the 4S study, these drugs could reduce it. However, clinical studies specifically designed to determine whether statins can modulate angiogenesis and thus affect the growth and propagation of tumors are required.
Key words:
Endothelial progenitor cells
Statins
Cancer
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