Clinical-epidemiological analysis of patients with elevated lipoprotein A in a third level hospital | Clínica e Investigación en Arteriosclerosis (English Edition)

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values above the 75th percentile have been associated with an increased risk of developing aortic stenosis &#40;AS&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> and myocardial infarction &#40;MI&#41;&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> and above the 90th percentile increases the risk of heart failure&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2&#44;5</span></a> Levels above the 95th percentile increase the risk of cardiovascular mortality and ischaemic stroke&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2&#44;6</span></a></p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In secondary prevention&#44; it is associated with a higher incidence of cardiovascular events&#44; and a linear relationship is found between Lp&#40;a&#41; levels and CVD&#44; after adjusting for low-density lipoprotein &#40;LDL&#41; ranges and lipid-lowering treatment&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a></p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Currently&#44; there is no approved therapy that significantly reduces Lp&#40;a&#41; levels&#44; and therefore these patients must be kept under strict control for other cardiovascular risk factors &#40;CVRFs&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Proprotein convertase subtilisin&#47;kexin type 9 inhibitors &#40;PCSK9i&#41; have been shown to reduce Lp&#40;a&#41; levels significantly&#44; by around 25&#37;&#8211;30&#37;&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a> although it is not known whether this decrease in Lp&#40;a&#41; contributes to a reduction in ischaemic events&#46;</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">There are also therapies with molecules called small interfering RNAs that would decrease hepatic production of apolipoprotein A &#40;apo A&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a> Some studies with these molecules are very promising&#44; with reductions of up to 80&#37;&#44; almost all subjects maintaining normal Lp&#40;a&#41;10 levels&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a></p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Patients with elevated Lp&#40;a&#41; levels are a subgroup of the population at particular cardiovascular risk &#40;CVR&#41; and therefore current guidelines recommend measuring Lp&#40;a&#41; at least once in a lifetime to adequately stratify individual CVR&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a></p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The aim of the study is to describe our population of patients with elevated Lp&#40;a&#41;&#44; analysing anthropometric&#44; clinical&#44; and analytical parameters and their relationship with cardiovascular events&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0070">Material and methods</span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0075">Study design and subjects</span><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A retrospective&#44; cross-sectional observational study was designed&#44; selecting patients with elevated Lp&#40;a&#41; &#40;&#62;125&#8239;nmol&#47;L&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> in an analysis requested for any reason between 1 January 2022 and 31 August 2022&#46; These service users were provided by the clinical analysis service of the Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre&#44; regardless of the requesting service&#46;</p><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Those who at the time of data collection did not have an electronic medical record or whose records were protected were excluded&#44; resulting in a sample of 316 patients&#46;</p><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The Hospital 12 de Octubre Research Institute approved the study &#40;Appendix A Annex 1&#41; and the researchers agreed to handle patient information in accordance with Organic Law 7&#47;2021 on data protection of 26 May 2021&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080">Measurements and variables</span><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Epidemiological and anthropometric data such as age &#40;years&#41;&#44; sex&#44; height &#40;m&#41;&#44; weight &#40;kg&#41;&#44; body mass index &#40;BMI&#41; &#40;kg&#47;m<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>&#41;&#44; and abdominal circumference &#40;cm&#41; were collected&#46; BMI categories were established according to standardised cut-off points&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a> High abdominal circumference was considered to be greater than 102&#8239;cm in men and greater than 88&#8239;cm in women&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a></p><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The following comorbidities were also analysed&#58; smoking and alcohol use&#44; family history &#40;FH&#41; of CVD&#44; clinically established CVD &#40;stroke&#44; MI&#44; cardiac revascularisation&#44; or peripheral artery disease&#41;&#44; subclinical CVD established by imaging&#44; age at first cardiovascular event&#44; considered early in women younger than 65 years and in men younger than 55 years&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0065"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></a> hypertension &#40;HT&#41;&#44; diabetes mellitus &#40;DM&#41;&#44; and dyslipidaemia&#44; defined as having a medical history or taking medication for these conditions&#44; polyvascular disease &#40;clinical involvement of two or more vascular territories&#41;&#44; hepatic steatosis &#40;diagnosed by imaging techniques&#41;&#44; systemic autoimmune diseases &#40;SAD&#41;&#44; and AS &#40;classified as mild&#44; moderate&#44; and severe according to echocardiographic criteria&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The patients&#39; usual treatment was also assessed&#58; high-potency statins &#40;rosuvastatin 10&#47;20&#47;40&#8239;mg or atorvastatin 40&#47;80&#8239;mg&#41;&#44; other statins &#40;that did not meet the above criteria&#41;&#44; ezetimibe&#44; PCSK9i&#44; antiplatelet agents &#40;ASA&#41;&#44; anticoagulants &#40;AC&#41;&#44; angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors&#44; or angiotensin-2 receptor antagonists &#40;ACE inhibitors&#47;ARII&#41;&#44; calcium &#40;Ca&#41; antagonists&#44; diuretics&#44; beta-blockers &#40;BB&#41;&#44; oral anti-diabetics &#40;OAD&#41;&#44; and insulin&#46;</p><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The analytical parameters included haemogram values&#44; lipid metabolism factors such as total cholesterol&#44; high-density lipoprotein &#40;HDL&#41;&#44; LDL&#44; triglycerides &#40;TG&#41;&#44; apo A&#44; apo B-100&#44; non-HDL cholesterol&#44; and HDL&#47;TG ratio&#46;</p><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Lp&#40;a&#41; was analysed by particle-enhanced immunoturbidimetric assay on the Cobas c701 analyser &#40;8000 Cobas c701 module&#41; &#40;material number&#58; 05641489001&#41; from Roche Diagnostics&#46;</p><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">For carbohydrate metabolism&#44; basal blood glucose &#40;mg&#47;dL&#41;&#44; glycosylated haemoglobin &#40;&#37;&#41;&#44; insulin resistance index &#40;HOMA&#41;&#44; C-peptide&#44; and insulin were included&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0085">Statistical analysis</span><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The results of the descriptive analysis of the sample were presented in relative frequencies &#40;percentages&#41; for qualitative variables and in measures of central tendency and dispersion &#40;mean&#8239;&#177;&#8239;standard deviation &#91;SD&#93;&#41; for quantitative variables&#46;</p><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">X<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span></span> test was used to compare qualitative variables and the Bonferroni correction was applied for intergroup comparisons&#46; For quantitative variables&#44; after testing for normality&#44; the non-parametric Mann-Whitney <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">U</span> test and the Kruskal-Wallis test with Bonferroni correction were used for intergroup comparisons&#46; The normality test was Kolmogorov-Smirnov&#46; Pearson&#39;s correlation coefficient was used as correlation coefficient&#46;</p><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">An &#945; statistical significance level was set at &#46;05 for all comparisons&#46; The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences &#40;SPSS 27&#46;0&#46;0&#44; IBM Corp&#46;&#44; Armonk&#44; NY&#44; USA&#41; was used for the analysis&#41;&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0090">Results</span><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The total sample studied was 316 patients with a mean age of 59&#46;5&#8239;&#177;&#8239;14&#46;8 years&#44; 56&#46;6&#37; of whom were male&#46; Anthropometric values were collected in 223 users&#44; with a mean BMI of 27&#46;6&#8239;&#177;&#8239;5&#8239;kg&#47;m<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>&#44; 26&#37; obese&#44; 45&#37; overweight&#44; 27&#37; normal weight&#44; and 2&#37; underweight&#46;</p><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Abdominal circumference was measured in 153 subjects&#44; with a mean of 95&#8239;&#177;&#8239;12&#8239;cm in women &#40;70&#37; with increased measurement&#41; and 102&#8239;&#177;&#8239;13&#8239;cm in men &#40;49&#37; with elevated values&#41;&#46; With regard to their health habits&#44; 87&#37; had never consumed alcohol and 39&#46;7&#37; had never smoked&#46;</p><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The clinical-epidemiological data are summarised in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>&#46; With regard to CVD&#44; those under 18 years of age were excluded &#40;nine subjects&#41;&#46; A total of 30&#46;6&#37; had no previous CVD&#46; Of these&#44; 57&#46;7&#37; &#40;177 patients&#41; had established CVD&#44; of which 16&#46;3&#37; of cases were polyvascular disease and 11&#46;7&#37; subclinical CVD&#46; The mean age at presentation of overall CVD was 57&#8239;&#177;&#8239;12 years&#44; 60&#8239;&#177;&#8239;11 in females and 56&#8239;&#177;&#8239;11 in males&#44; and 39 &#40;65&#46;1&#37;&#41; of the females and 66 &#40;56&#46;2&#37;&#41; of the males had early onset CVD&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0125" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Of the 316 participants in the sample&#44; three had died at the time of the study aged 48&#44; 64&#44; and 66 years&#44; two of them from cardiovascular causes&#46;</p><p id="par0130" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The analytical parameters of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism and insulin resistance are shown in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a>&#44; and <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a> reflects the previous treatment of the patients at the time of analysis&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0095">Analysis of patients with cardiovascular disease</span><p id="par0135" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A total of 177 subjects with clinical CVD were included&#44; with a mean age of 63&#46;9&#8239;&#177;&#8239;11 years and a mean age at onset of CVD of 56&#46;4&#8239;&#177;&#8239;11 years&#44; 67&#46;2&#37; of whom were male&#46; Of the subjects&#44; 62&#46;7&#37; had HT&#44; 39&#37; had DM&#44; and 33&#46;9&#37; had pre-diabetes&#46;</p><p id="par0140" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A total of 98&#46;3&#37; of service users were taking lipid-lowering treatment &#40;88&#46;7&#37; of these with high-potency statins&#41;&#46; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig&#46; 2</a> shows the previous treatment of patients with established CVD&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0145" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Of the 177 with clinical CVD&#44; 144 &#40;81&#46;4&#37;&#41; had ischaemic heart disease&#44; 45 &#40;25&#46;4&#37;&#41; had symptomatic peripheral arterial disease&#44; and 11 &#40;6&#46;2&#37;&#41; had cerebrovascular involvement&#46; The total number of events was 190 in 177 patients&#46;</p><p id="par0150" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Subjects with clinical and subclinical CVD &#40;177 and 37&#44; respectively&#41; were included in the comparative analysis and their clinical-epidemiological characteristics were compared with those without established CVD&#44; with the data summarised in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">Table 3</a>&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0015"></elsevierMultimedia></span></span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0100">Discussion</span><p id="par0155" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We have exhaustively described our patients with elevated Lp&#40;a&#41; to determine their clinical characteristics&#44; CVRF control&#44; and to identify different phenotypes and user profiles&#46;</p><p id="par0160" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In our population&#44; the subjects had an average age of around 60 years&#44; with a notable presence of previous CVRFs &#40;almost 50&#37; HT&#44; 56&#37; carbohydrate metabolism disorders&#44; and 92&#37; dyslipidaemia&#41;&#44; significant smoking and anthropometric characteristics typical of metabolic syndrome &#40;mainly overweight and increased abdominal circumference&#41;&#46; The prevalence of clinical or subclinical CVD is 68&#37;&#44; much higher than in the general population&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0070"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14&#44;15</span></a> and the high percentage of early onset CVD is noteworthy&#46; Our population is very similar to that of the SANTORINI study&#44; although somewhat younger and with a lower percentage of CVD than this prospective observational study describing the use of lipid-lowering therapies in patients aged &#8805;18 years with high CVR between 2020 and 2021 in primary and secondary care in 14 European countries&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0080"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16</span></a> When analysing our results&#44; we must bear in mind that we are dealing with a selected population &#40;tests ordered in the hospital setting&#41;&#44; which makes it difficult to extrapolate these findings to the general population&#46; Primary care should be encouraged to request this parameter in the lipid profile&#44; in order to better stratify CVR&#46;</p><p id="par0165" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The high prevalence of ischaemic heart disease with respect to the incidence of cerebrovascular involvement in our sample is striking&#44; which could be in line with the apparent lesser association of Lp&#40;a&#41; with cerebrovascular events in relation to involvement in other areas&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2&#44;17</span></a> However&#44; there seems to be a clear selection bias in our model&#44; since cardiologists request much more Lp&#40;a&#41; analysis than neurologists and vascular surgeons refer almost all their patients to us&#44; and it is us in our CVR unit who usually request it&#46;</p><p id="par0170" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">From our research study&#44; worth mentioning&#44; due to its potential relevance&#44; is the age of onset of CVD compared with other studies such as that of Jortveit et al&#46;&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0090"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span></a> where they report an incidence of MI of 4&#46;4&#37; in those under 45 years of age and 27&#37; in those under 60 years of age&#44; with an incidence of clinical CVD of 15&#46;8&#37; and 47&#46;3&#37; in our sample for these age groups with baseline characteristics very similar to ours&#44; but without knowing the Lp&#40;a&#41; values in the aforementioned study&#46;</p><p id="par0175" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Therefore&#44; early measurement of Lp&#40;a&#41; should be considered in global health estimates&#44; since its values are genetically determined<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0095"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19</span></a> and&#44; therefore&#44; are elevated from a young age&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0100"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20</span></a> This represents a significant increase in CVR that is often not known&#44; but which influences the early onset of CVD&#46;</p><span id="sec0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0105">Subjects with cardiovascular disease vs&#46; subjects without cardiovascular disease</span><p id="par0180" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">As shown in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">Table 3</a>&#44; there is a higher prevalence of CVRFs in patients with CVD&#46; A higher proportion of males&#44; predominance of HT&#44; dyslipidaemia&#44; and altered carbohydrate metabolism parameters &#40;higher rate of DM 34&#46;1 vs&#46; 23&#46;5&#37;&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&#8239;&#61;&#8239;&#46;057&#41;&#44; although without reaching statistical significance in probable relationship to the sample size in some of them&#46;</p><p id="par0185" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">No differences were found in Lp&#40;a&#41; levels between groups&#59; they were elevated in both due to the study design&#44; although in stratifying Lp&#40;a&#41;-associated risk we prefer to refer to thresholds rather than a linear association&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0105"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21</span></a> It is noteworthy that patients without CVD were younger &#40;14 years younger on average&#41; and given that CVD is strongly associated with age&#44; LDL cholesterol &#40;LDL-C&#41; levels and other CVRFs altered over time rather than at a point in time&#44; it is possible that they are more likely to develop CVD in the future than those with normal Lp&#40;a&#41; levels&#46; This assumption supports the theory that it would be advisable to test Lp&#40;a&#41; values early to stratify the CVR of our service users and perform early interventions if necessary&#46;</p><p id="par0190" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Lipid profile parameters that can be controlled by medication &#40;total cholesterol&#44; LDL&#44; and non-HDL&#41; were lower in the subjects with CVD&#44; however&#44; other atherogenic factors such as HDL&#44; TG&#44; and HDL&#47;TG ratio were worse in these subjects&#44; suggesting that their treatment was better adjusted to their CVR&#44; as far as possible&#44; while maintaining residual untreatable risk&#46; If we further compare with data from the SANTORINI study&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0070"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14</span></a> our subjects were more appropriately treated as only 8&#46;5&#37; had no lipid-lowering therapy &#40;21&#46;8&#37; in SANTORINI&#41;&#46; And in those with previous CVD&#44; the difference increases to 21&#46;2&#37; with no lipid lowering method in SANTORINI vs&#46; 1&#46;7&#37; in our patients&#46; Knowing the Lp&#40;a&#41; value also probably played a role in better adjusted treatment at the cardiovascular level&#46; Furthermore&#44; with regard to the lipid profile objectives in service users with established CVD&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a> in our sample 35&#46;3&#37; were found to have LDL&#8239;&#60;&#8239;55&#8239;mg&#47;dL vs&#46; 20&#46;7&#37; of the subjects in the SANTORINI study&#44; highlighting that several of our participants were collected at the time of the cardiovascular event&#44; therefore more follow-up time is needed to appreciate the effect of the lipid-lowering therapy started at that time&#46;</p><p id="par0195" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Despite being a retrospective observational study&#44; the main strength of our study is its large sample size&#46; However&#44; its main limitation may be a selection bias due to patients with an already high previous CVR&#46; However&#44; a prospective follow-up of subjects without CVD could be considered to assess whether the age of onset of CVD in these subjects is lower than in those with normal Lp&#40;a&#41; levels and high previous CVR&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0050" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0110">Conclusions</span><p id="par0200" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Our Lp&#40;a&#41; patients are a very high CVR group and may constitute a subgroup of early CVD risk&#46; Lp&#40;a&#41; in our setting is only measured in the specialist care setting and&#44; generally&#44; in the context of secondary prevention&#44; but it would be reasonable to consider identifying this risk factor early &#40;before the onset of CVD&#41; and incorporating it into routine clinical practice&#44; so as to be able to perform interventions in primary prevention and improve control of other CVRFs&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0055" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0115">Funding</span><p id="par0205" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">No funding was received for conducting this study&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0060" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0120">Conflict of interests</span><p id="par0210" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors have no conflict of interests to declare&#46;</p></span></span>"
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        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Objective</span><p id="spar0070" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The objective of the study is to describe the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of our patients with elevated Lp&#40;a&#41;&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Materials and methods</span><p id="spar0075" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 316 patients with elevated Lp&#40;a&#41; &#40;&#62;125&#8239;nmol&#47;L&#41; in a random sample between January and August 2022&#46; We measured epidemiological&#44; anthropometric&#44; clinical and laboratory variables &#40;lipid metabolism parameters&#44; carbohydrates and hormones&#41;&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Results</span><p id="spar0080" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Mean age of our sample subject&#8217;s was 59&#8239;&#177;&#8239;15 years with 56&#37; males&#46; The average BMI was 27&#46;6&#8239;kg&#47;m<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span> &#40;71&#37; with elevated BMI&#41;&#46; Elevated waist circumference was observed in 54&#46;1&#37; of men and 77&#46;8&#37; of women&#46; 48&#37; had hypertension&#44; 30&#46;7&#37; had diabetes mellitus and 91&#46;5&#37; dyslipidemia&#46; Only 39&#46;7&#37; of the patients had never smoked&#46;</p><p id="spar0085" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The mean values of total cholesterol were 158&#8239;&#177;&#8239;45&#8239;mg&#47;dl&#44; LDL was 81&#8239;&#177;&#8239;39&#8239;mg&#47;dl&#44; HDL was 53&#8239;&#177;&#8239;17&#8239;mg&#47;dl&#44; Triglycerides were 127&#8239;&#177;&#8239;61&#8239;mg&#47;dl&#44; and Lp&#40;a&#41; was 260&#8239;&#177;&#8239;129&#8239;nmol&#47;l&#46;</p><p id="spar0090" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Regarding lipid lowering treatment&#44; 89&#37; were on statins&#44; 68&#46;6&#37; on ezetimibe&#44; and 13&#46;7&#37; on PCSK9 inhibitors&#46; 177 patients &#40;57&#44;7&#37;&#41; had established cardiovascular disease &#40;CVD&#41;&#44; 16&#46;3&#37; had polyvascular disease&#44; 11&#46;7&#37; had subclinical CVD&#44; and 30&#46;6&#37; had no known CVD&#46; Among patients with established CVD&#44; 174 &#40;98&#46;3&#37;&#41; were on lipid-lowering treatment &#40;97&#46;2&#37; on statins&#41; and 86&#46;4&#37; were on antiplatelet therapy&#46; The mean age of cardiovascular events was 55&#8239;&#177;&#8239;12 years in males and 60&#8239;&#177;&#8239;11 years in females&#46; 65&#44;1&#37; of female and 56&#44;2&#37; of male patients suffered an early cardiovascular event&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Conclusions</span><p id="spar0095" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Patients with elevated Lp&#40;a&#41; are at very high cardiovascular risk&#44; particularly for early cardiovascular disease&#46;</p></span>"
        "secciones" => array:4 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0005"
            "titulo" => "Objective"
          ]
          1 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0010"
            "titulo" => "Materials and methods"
          ]
          2 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0015"
            "titulo" => "Results"
          ]
          3 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0020"
            "titulo" => "Conclusions"
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "es" => array:3 [
        "titulo" => "Resumen"
        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Objetivo</span><p id="spar0100" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">El objetivo del estudio es describir las caracter&#237;sticas cl&#237;nico-epidemiol&#243;gicas de nuestros pacientes con Lp&#40;a&#41; elevada&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">Material y m&#233;todos</span><p id="spar0105" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Estudio descriptivo transversal de 316 pacientes con Lp&#40;a&#41; elevada &#40;&#62;125&#8239;nmol&#47;l&#41; en una muestra aleatoria entre enero y agosto de 2022&#44; midiendo variables epidemiol&#243;gicas&#44; antropom&#233;tricas&#44; cl&#237;nicas y anal&#237;ticas &#40;par&#225;metros del metabolismo lip&#237;dico&#44; hidratos de carbono y hormonales&#41;&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Resultados</span><p id="spar0110" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">La edad media de los sujetos de la muestra fue de 59&#8239;&#177;&#8239;15 a&#241;os con 56&#37; varones&#46; El &#237;ndice de masa corporal &#40;IMC&#41; medio fue de 27&#44;6&#8239;kg&#47;m<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span> &#40;71&#37; de IMC elevado&#41;&#46; Un per&#237;metro abdominal aumentado en 54&#44;1&#37; de los hombres y 77&#44;8&#37; de mujeres&#46; Un total de 48&#37; con hipertensi&#243;n arterial &#40;HTA&#41;&#44; 30&#44;7&#37; de diabetes mellitus &#40;DM&#41; y 91&#44;5&#37; con dislipemia&#46; Solo 39&#44;7&#37; de los sujetos nunca hab&#237;an fumado&#46; Los valores medios de colesterol total fueron de 158&#8239;&#177;&#8239;45&#8239;mg&#47;dL&#44; lipoprote&#237;na de baja densidad &#40;LDL&#41; de 81&#8239;&#177;&#8239;39&#8239;mg&#47;dL&#44; lipoprote&#237;na de alta densidad &#40;HDL&#41; de 53&#8239;&#177;&#8239;17&#8239;mg&#47;dL&#44; triglic&#233;ridos &#40;TG&#41; de 127&#8239;&#177;&#8239;61&#8239;mg&#47;dL y Lp&#40;a&#41; de 260&#8239;&#177;&#8239;129&#8239;nmol&#47;L&#46; Con respecto al tratamiento hipolipemiante&#44; 89&#37; estaban con estatinas&#44; 68&#44;6&#37; con ezetimiba y 13&#44;7&#37; con los inhibidores de proprote&#237;na convertasa subtilisin&#47;kexin tipo 9 &#40;iPCSK9&#41;&#46; Un total de 177 pacientes &#40;57&#44;7&#37;&#41; padec&#237;an enfermedad cardiovascular &#40;ECV&#41; establecida&#44; de ellos 16&#44;3&#37; enfermedad polivascular&#46; Adem&#225;s&#44; hab&#237;a 11&#44;7&#37; usuarios con ECV subcl&#237;nica y 30&#44;6&#37; sin ECV conocida&#46; Aquellos con ECV establecida&#44; 174 &#40;98&#44;3&#37;&#41;&#44; estaban con terapia hipolipemiante &#40;97&#44;2&#37; con estatinas&#41; y 86&#44;4&#37; antiagregados&#46; La edad media de evento cardiovascular fue 55&#8239;&#177;&#8239;12 a&#241;os en varones y 60&#8239;&#177;&#8239;11 en mujeres&#46; Presentando 65&#44;1&#37; de ellas y 56&#44;2&#37; de los hombres un evento cardiovascular precoz&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Conclusiones</span><p id="spar0115" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Los pacientes con Lp&#40;a&#41; elevada son pacientes de muy alto riesgo cardiovascular y en especial de ECV precoz&#46;</p></span>"
        "secciones" => array:4 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0025"
            "titulo" => "Objetivo"
          ]
          1 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0030"
            "titulo" => "Material y m&#233;todos"
          ]
          2 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0035"
            "titulo" => "Resultados"
          ]
          3 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0040"
            "titulo" => "Conclusiones"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "apendice" => array:1 [
      0 => array:1 [
        "seccion" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "apendice" => "<p id="par0220" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The following is Supplementary data to this article&#58;<elsevierMultimedia ident="upi0005"></elsevierMultimedia></p>"
            "etiqueta" => "Appendix A"
            "titulo" => "Supplementary data"
            "identificador" => "sec0070"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "multimedia" => array:6 [
      0 => array:8 [
        "identificador" => "fig0005"
        "etiqueta" => "Figure 1"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg"
            "Alto" => 1898
            "Ancho" => 3167
            "Tamanyo" => 267143
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        "detalles" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "at0005"
            "detalle" => "Figure "
            "rol" => "short"
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Treatment of subjects at time of the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">analysis&#46;</span></p> <p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">ASA&#58; antiplatelet drugs&#59; AC&#58; anticoagulants&#59; ACEI&#47;ARBs&#58; angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers&#59; BB&#58; beta-blockers&#59; Ca&#58; calcio&#59; OAD&#58; oral antidiabetic&#59; PCSK9i&#58; proprotein convertase subtilisin&#47;kexin type 9 inhibitors&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      1 => array:8 [
        "identificador" => "fig0010"
        "etiqueta" => "Figure 2"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg"
            "Alto" => 1558
            "Ancho" => 3008
            "Tamanyo" => 223884
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        "detalles" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "at0010"
            "detalle" => "Figure "
            "rol" => "short"
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Treatment of patients with previous CVD&#46;</p> <p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">ASA&#58; antiplatelet drugs&#59; AC&#58; anticoagulants&#59; ACEI&#47;ARBs&#58; angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers&#59; BB&#58; beta-blockers&#59; Ca&#58; calcio&#59; CVD&#59; cardiovascular disease&#58; OAD&#58; oral antidiabetic&#59; PCSK9i&#58; proprotein convertase subtilisin&#47;kexin type 9 inhibitors&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      2 => array:8 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0005"
        "etiqueta" => "Table 1"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "detalles" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "at0015"
            "detalle" => "Table "
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        "tabla" => array:2 [
          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">AS&#58; aortic stenosis&#59; BMI&#58; body mass index&#59; CVD&#58; cardiovascular disease&#59; DM&#58; diabetes mellitus&#59; FH&#58; family history&#59; HT&#58; hypertension&#59; SAD&#58; systemic autoimmune disease&#59; SD&#58; standard deviation&#46;</p><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Values expressed in percentages and mean&#8239;&#177;&#8239;SD&#46;</p>"
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Age &#40;years&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">59&#46;5&#8239;&#177;&#8239;14&#46;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Sex&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">56&#46;6&#37; male&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">BMI &#40;kg&#47;m<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">27&#46;6&#8239;&#177;&#8239;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Abdominal circumference &#40;cm&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">99&#46;8&#8239;&#177;&#8239;13&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Current smoking habit&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">29&#46;2&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Previous smoking habit&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">31&#46;1&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Current alcohol habit&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">10&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Previous alcohol habit&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">FH of CVD&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">27&#46;8&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Clinical CVD&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">57&#46;7&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Subclinical CVD&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">11&#46;7&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Age at onset CVD &#40;years&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">57&#8239;&#177;&#8239;12&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">HT&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">48&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">DM&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">30&#46;7&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Prediabetes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">25&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Dyslipidaemia&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">91&#46;5&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Polyvascular disease&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">16&#46;3&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Hepatic steatosis&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">16&#46;8&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">SAD&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">8&#46;5&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">AS&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#46;6&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
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                0 => "xTab3577293.png"
              ]
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          ]
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        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Clinical and epidemiological parameters of the total sample&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      3 => array:8 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0010"
        "etiqueta" => "Table 2"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
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        "detalles" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "at0020"
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        "tabla" => array:2 [
          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Apo A&#58; apolipoprotein A&#59; apo B&#58; apolipoprotein B&#59; HDL&#58; high-density lipoprotein&#59; HDL-C&#58; high-density lipoprotein cholesterol&#59; HDL&#47;TG&#58; high-density lipoprotein to triglycerides ratio&#59; HOMA&#58; insulin resistance index&#59; LDL-C&#58; low-density lipoprotein cholesterol&#59; Lp&#40;a&#41;&#58; lipoprotein&#40;a&#41;&#59; TG&#58; triglycerides&#46;</p><p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Values expressed as mean&#8239;&#177;&#8239;SD&#46;</p>"
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:2 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Lipid parameters &#40;n&#8239;&#61;&#8239;316&#41;</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Total cholesterol&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">158&#8239;&#177;&#8239;45&#8239;mg&#47;dL&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">LDL-C&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">81&#8239;&#177;&#8239;39&#8239;mg&#47;dL&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">HDL-C&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">53&#8239;&#177;&#8239;17&#8239;mg&#47;dL&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Non-HDL cholesterol&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">106&#8239;&#177;&#8239;39&#8239;mg&#47;dL&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">TG&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">127&#8239;&#177;&#8239;61&#8239;mg&#47;dL&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Apo A&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">140&#8239;&#177;&#8239;32&#8239;mg&#47;dL&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Apo B&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">75&#8239;&#177;&#8239;24&#8239;mg&#47;dL&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Lp&#40;a&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">260&#8239;&#177;&#8239;129&#8239;nmol&#47;L&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">HDL&#47;TG&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2&#46;7&#8239;&#177;&#8239;1&#46;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
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            1 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Carbohydrate and hormone parameters</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Glycosylated haemoglobin &#40;n&#8239;&#61;&#8239;276&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">6&#46;1&#8239;&#177;&#8239;1&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Glucose &#40;n&#8239;&#61;&#8239;312&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">107&#8239;&#177;&#8239;30&#8239;mg&#47;dL&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Creatinine &#40;n&#8239;&#61;&#8239;312&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#46;91&#8239;&#177;&#8239;&#46;29&#8239;mg&#47;dL&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Insulin &#40;n&#8239;&#61;&#8239;109&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">13&#46;9&#8239;&#177;&#8239;10&#46;4&#8239;mg&#47;dL&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">C-peptide &#40;n&#8239;&#61;&#8239;83&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3&#46;3&#8239;&#177;&#8239;2&#8239;mg&#47;dL&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">HOMA &#40;n&#8239;&#61;&#8239;100&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3&#46;8&#8239;&#177;&#8239;3&#46;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Uric acid &#40;n&#8239;&#61;&#8239;181&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">5&#46;1&#8239;&#177;&#8239;1&#46;9&#8239;mg&#47;dL&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
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                0 => "xTab3577295.png"
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        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Analytical parameters of the total sample&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      4 => array:8 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0015"
        "etiqueta" => "Table 3"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "detalles" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "at0025"
            "detalle" => "Table "
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          ]
        ]
        "tabla" => array:2 [
          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0060" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Apo A&#58; apolipoprotein A&#59; apo B&#58; apolipoprotein B&#59; BMI&#58; body mass index&#59; CVD&#58; cardiovascular disease&#59; DM&#58; diabetes mellitus&#59; FH&#58; family history&#59; HDL&#58; high-density lipoprotein&#59; HDL-C&#58; high-density lipoprotein cholesterol&#59; HDL&#47;TG&#58; high-density lipoprotein to triglycerides ratio&#59; HOMA&#58; insulin resistance index&#59; HT&#58; hypertension&#59; LDL-C&#58; low-density lipoprotein cholesterol&#59; Lp&#40;a&#41;&#58; lipoprotein&#40;a&#41;&#59; NS&#58; no statistical significance&#59; TG&#58; triglycerides&#46;</p><p id="spar0065" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Values expressed as mean&#8239;&#177;&#8239;SD and percentages&#46;</p>"
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">CVD &#40;n&#8239;&#61;&#8239;214&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">No CVD &#40;n&#8239;&#61;&#8239;102&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>-value&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Age &#40;years&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">63&#46;8&#8239;&#177;&#8239;11&#46;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">50&#46;5&#8239;&#177;&#8239;17&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&#8239;&#60;&#8239;&#46;01&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Sex &#40;&#37; males&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">63&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">41&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&#8239;&#60;&#8239;&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">BMI &#40;kg&#47;m<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">28&#8239;&#177;&#8239;4&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">27&#46;1&#8239;&#177;&#8239;5&#46;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">NS&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Abdominal circumference &#40;cm&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">100&#8239;&#177;&#8239;13&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">99&#8239;&#177;&#8239;14&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">NS&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">HT&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">60&#46;3&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">22&#46;5&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&#8239;&#60;&#8239;&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">DM&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">34&#46;1&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">23&#46;5&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&#8239;&#61;&#8239;&#46;057&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Dyslipidaemia&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">95&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">83&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&#8239;&#60;&#8239;&#46;01&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Never smoked&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">29&#46;4&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">60&#46;8&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&#8239;&#60;&#8239;&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Never had an alcohol habit&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">84&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">92&#46;2&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&#8239;&#61;&#8239;&#46;047&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Hepatic steatosis&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">17&#46;8&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">14&#46;7&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">NS&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">FH of CVD&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">27&#46;6&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">28&#46;4&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">NS&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Total cholesterol total &#40;mg&#47;dL&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">147&#8239;&#177;&#8239;43&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">181&#8239;&#177;&#8239;43&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&#8239;&#60;&#8239;&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">LDL-C &#40;mg&#47;dL&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">72&#8239;&#177;&#8239;35&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">101&#8239;&#177;&#8239;38&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&#8239;&#60;&#8239;&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">HDL-C &#40;mg&#47;dL&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">50&#8239;&#177;&#8239;15&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">69&#8239;&#177;&#8239;21&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&#8239;&#60;&#8239;&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Non-cholesterol &#40;mg&#47;dL&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">97&#8239;&#177;&#8239;36&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">123&#8239;&#177;&#8239;40&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&#8239;&#60;&#8239;&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">TG &#40;mg&#47;dL&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">130&#8239;&#177;&#8239;59&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">119&#8239;&#177;&#8239;65&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&#8239;&#61;&#8239;&#46;14&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Apo A &#40;mg&#47;dL&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">136&#8239;&#177;&#8239;92&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">145&#8239;&#177;&#8239;33&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&#8239;&#61;&#8239;&#46;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Apo B &#40;mg&#47;dL&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">77&#8239;&#177;&#8239;25&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">70&#8239;&#177;&#8239;21&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&#8239;&#61;&#8239;&#46;006&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Lp&#40;a&#41; &#40;nmol&#47;L&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">258&#8239;&#177;&#8239;127&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">264&#8239;&#177;&#8239;132&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">NS&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
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