metricas
covid
Buscar en
Clínica e Investigación en Arteriosclerosis (English Edition)
Toda la web
Inicio Clínica e Investigación en Arteriosclerosis (English Edition) HDL lipoproteins: a fluid and changing relationship between quantity and functio...
Journal Information

Statistics

Follow this link to access the full text of the article

Editorial
HDL lipoproteins: a fluid and changing relationship between quantity and functionality
Lipoproteínas HDL: una relación fluida y cambiante entre cantidad y funcionalidad
Juan Carlos Laguna Egea
Corresponding author
jclagunae@ub.edu

Corresponding author.
Unitat de Farmacologia, Farmacognòsia i Terapèutica/Pharmacology, Pharmacognosy and Therapeutic Unit, Departament de Farmacologia, Toxicologia i Química Terapèutica/Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de la Alimentació/School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Avda Joan XXIII 27-31, Barcelona 08028, Spain
Read
209
Times
was read the article
63
Total PDF
146
Total HTML
Share statistics
 array:22 [
  "pii" => "S252991232200033X"
  "issn" => "25299123"
  "doi" => "10.1016/j.artere.2022.06.001"
  "estado" => "S300"
  "fechaPublicacion" => "2022-05-01"
  "aid" => "643"
  "copyrightAnyo" => "2022"
  "documento" => "article"
  "crossmark" => 1
  "subdocumento" => "sco"
  "cita" => "Clin Investig Arterioscler. 2022;34:120-1"
  "abierto" => array:3 [
    "ES" => false
    "ES2" => false
    "LATM" => false
  ]
  "gratuito" => false
  "lecturas" => array:1 [
    "total" => 0
  ]
  "itemSiguiente" => array:18 [
    "pii" => "S2529912322000237"
    "issn" => "25299123"
    "doi" => "10.1016/j.artere.2022.05.003"
    "estado" => "S300"
    "fechaPublicacion" => "2022-05-01"
    "aid" => "623"
    "documento" => "article"
    "crossmark" => 1
    "subdocumento" => "fla"
    "cita" => "Clin Investig Arterioscler. 2022;34:122-9"
    "abierto" => array:3 [
      "ES" => false
      "ES2" => false
      "LATM" => false
    ]
    "gratuito" => false
    "lecturas" => array:1 [
      "total" => 0
    ]
    "en" => array:13 [
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
      "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Original article</span>"
      "titulo" => "Association of atherosclerotic plaque and prediabetes&#46; Observational study with propensity score matching"
      "tienePdf" => "en"
      "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en"
      "tieneResumen" => array:2 [
        0 => "en"
        1 => "es"
      ]
      "paginas" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "paginaInicial" => "122"
          "paginaFinal" => "129"
        ]
      ]
      "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
        "es" => array:1 [
          "titulo" => "Asociaci&#243;n de placa ateroescler&#243;tica y prediabetes&#46; Estudio observacional con apareamiento por puntaje de propensi&#243;n"
        ]
      ]
      "contieneResumen" => array:2 [
        "en" => true
        "es" => true
      ]
      "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [
        "en" => true
      ]
      "contienePdf" => array:1 [
        "en" => true
      ]
      "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [
        "original" => 0
        "multimedia" => array:8 [
          "identificador" => "fig0005"
          "etiqueta" => "Figure 1"
          "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
          "mostrarFloat" => true
          "mostrarDisplay" => false
          "figura" => array:1 [
            0 => array:4 [
              "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg"
              "Alto" => 1649
              "Ancho" => 2500
              "Tamanyo" => 242627
            ]
          ]
          "detalles" => array:1 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "at0005"
              "detalle" => "Figure "
              "rol" => "short"
            ]
          ]
          "descripcion" => array:1 [
            "en" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Flow diagram of the study&#46;</p>"
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "autores" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "autoresLista" => "Ra&#250;l Bozzo, Ricardo Rey, Diego Manente, Cecilia Zeballos, Maria Rostan, Laura Vitagliano, Fabiana Calabria, Julio Mollerach"
          "autores" => array:8 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Ra&#250;l"
              "apellidos" => "Bozzo"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Ricardo"
              "apellidos" => "Rey"
            ]
            2 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Diego"
              "apellidos" => "Manente"
            ]
            3 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Cecilia"
              "apellidos" => "Zeballos"
            ]
            4 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Maria"
              "apellidos" => "Rostan"
            ]
            5 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Laura"
              "apellidos" => "Vitagliano"
            ]
            6 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Fabiana"
              "apellidos" => "Calabria"
            ]
            7 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Julio"
              "apellidos" => "Mollerach"
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
    "Traduccion" => array:1 [
      "es" => array:9 [
        "pii" => "S0214916821001613"
        "doi" => "10.1016/j.arteri.2021.11.007"
        "estado" => "S300"
        "subdocumento" => ""
        "abierto" => array:3 [
          "ES" => false
          "ES2" => false
          "LATM" => false
        ]
        "gratuito" => false
        "lecturas" => array:1 [
          "total" => 0
        ]
        "idiomaDefecto" => "es"
        "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0214916821001613?idApp=UINPBA00004N"
      ]
    ]
    "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2529912322000237?idApp=UINPBA00004N"
    "url" => "/25299123/0000003400000003/v1_202206290742/S2529912322000237/v1_202206290742/en/main.assets"
  ]
  "itemAnterior" => array:18 [
    "pii" => "S2529912322000225"
    "issn" => "25299123"
    "doi" => "10.1016/j.artere.2022.05.002"
    "estado" => "S300"
    "fechaPublicacion" => "2022-05-01"
    "aid" => "622"
    "documento" => "article"
    "crossmark" => 1
    "subdocumento" => "fla"
    "cita" => "Clin Investig Arterioscler. 2022;34:113-9"
    "abierto" => array:3 [
      "ES" => false
      "ES2" => false
      "LATM" => false
    ]
    "gratuito" => false
    "lecturas" => array:1 [
      "total" => 0
    ]
    "en" => array:13 [
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
      "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Original article</span>"
      "titulo" => "HDL-cholesterol concentration and risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection in people over 75 years of age&#58; A cohort with half a million participants from the Community of Madrid"
      "tienePdf" => "en"
      "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en"
      "tieneResumen" => array:2 [
        0 => "en"
        1 => "es"
      ]
      "paginas" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "paginaInicial" => "113"
          "paginaFinal" => "119"
        ]
      ]
      "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
        "es" => array:1 [
          "titulo" => "Concentraci&#243;n de colesterol-HDL y riesgo de infecci&#243;n por SARS-CoV-2 en personas mayores de 75 a&#241;os&#58; una cohorte con medio mill&#243;n de participantes de la Comunidad de Madrid"
        ]
      ]
      "contieneResumen" => array:2 [
        "en" => true
        "es" => true
      ]
      "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [
        "en" => true
      ]
      "contienePdf" => array:1 [
        "en" => true
      ]
      "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [
        "original" => 0
        "multimedia" => array:8 [
          "identificador" => "fig0005"
          "etiqueta" => "Figure 1"
          "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
          "mostrarFloat" => true
          "mostrarDisplay" => false
          "figura" => array:1 [
            0 => array:4 [
              "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg"
              "Alto" => 1702
              "Ancho" => 2500
              "Tamanyo" => 198117
            ]
          ]
          "detalles" => array:1 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "at0005"
              "detalle" => "Figure "
              "rol" => "short"
            ]
          ]
          "descripcion" => array:1 [
            "en" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Accumulated incidence of infection by SARS-CoV-2 from 1 March to 31 December 2020 according to HDL-cholesterol quintiles in men and women over the age of 75 years&#46;</p>"
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "autores" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "autoresLista" => "Carlos Lahoz, Miguel A&#46; Salinero-Fort, Juan C&#225;rdenas, Fernando Rodr&#237;guez-Artalejo, Mariana D&#237;az-Almiron, Pilar Vich-P&#233;rez, F&#46; Javier San Andr&#233;s-Rebollo, Ignacio Vicente, Jos&#233; M&#46; Mostaza"
          "autores" => array:9 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Carlos"
              "apellidos" => "Lahoz"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Miguel A&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Salinero-Fort"
            ]
            2 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Juan"
              "apellidos" => "C&#225;rdenas"
            ]
            3 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Fernando"
              "apellidos" => "Rodr&#237;guez-Artalejo"
            ]
            4 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Mariana"
              "apellidos" => "D&#237;az-Almiron"
            ]
            5 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Pilar"
              "apellidos" => "Vich-P&#233;rez"
            ]
            6 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "F&#46; Javier"
              "apellidos" => "San Andr&#233;s-Rebollo"
            ]
            7 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Ignacio"
              "apellidos" => "Vicente"
            ]
            8 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Jos&#233; M&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Mostaza"
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
    "Traduccion" => array:1 [
      "es" => array:9 [
        "pii" => "S0214916821001601"
        "doi" => "10.1016/j.arteri.2021.11.006"
        "estado" => "S300"
        "subdocumento" => ""
        "abierto" => array:3 [
          "ES" => false
          "ES2" => false
          "LATM" => false
        ]
        "gratuito" => false
        "lecturas" => array:1 [
          "total" => 0
        ]
        "idiomaDefecto" => "es"
        "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0214916821001601?idApp=UINPBA00004N"
      ]
    ]
    "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2529912322000225?idApp=UINPBA00004N"
    "url" => "/25299123/0000003400000003/v1_202206290742/S2529912322000225/v1_202206290742/en/main.assets"
  ]
  "en" => array:12 [
    "idiomaDefecto" => true
    "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Editorial</span>"
    "titulo" => "HDL lipoproteins&#58; a fluid and changing relationship between quantity and functionality"
    "tieneTextoCompleto" => true
    "paginas" => array:1 [
      0 => array:2 [
        "paginaInicial" => "120"
        "paginaFinal" => "121"
      ]
    ]
    "autores" => array:1 [
      0 => array:4 [
        "autoresLista" => "Juan Carlos Laguna Egea"
        "autores" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "nombre" => "Juan Carlos Laguna"
            "apellidos" => "Egea"
            "email" => array:1 [
              0 => "jclagunae@ub.edu"
            ]
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;</span>"
                "identificador" => "cor0005"
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "afiliaciones" => array:1 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "entidad" => "Unitat de Farmacologia&#44; Farmacogn&#242;sia i Terap&#232;utica&#47;Pharmacology&#44; Pharmacognosy and Therapeutic Unit&#44; Departament de Farmacologia&#44; Toxicologia i Qu&#237;mica Terap&#232;utica&#47;Department of Pharmacology&#44; Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry&#44; Facultat de Farm&#224;cia i Ci&#232;ncies de la Alimentaci&#243;&#47;School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences&#44; Avda Joan XXIII 27-31&#44; Barcelona 08028&#44; Spain"
            "identificador" => "aff0005"
          ]
        ]
        "correspondencia" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "cor0005"
            "etiqueta" => "&#8270;"
            "correspondencia" => "Corresponding author&#46;"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
      "es" => array:1 [
        "titulo" => "Lipoprote&#237;nas HDL&#58; una relaci&#243;n fluida y cambiante entre cantidad y funcionalidad"
      ]
    ]
    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Those of us who began our professional relationship with the world of plasma lipoproteins and their relationship to cardiovascular disease at the end of the 20th century have lived in a simple and safe world&#44; in which the reference standard was the relationship between the amount of circulating LDL-cholesterol&#44; or Apo B-cholesterol&#44; and cardiovascular risk&#46; For many years our mental framework has been conditioned by the axiom&#44; confirmed in multiple clinical studies with statins and other cholesterol-lowering drugs&#44; that if we reduce the amount of circulating LDL-cholesterol&#44; we reduce the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular events&#46; It is the amount of circulating LDL-cholesterol that matters&#46; With this mental framework&#44; applied to the results of epidemiological studies associating an increase in circulating HDL-cholesterol with a lower incidence of cardiovascular accidents and the development of the reverse cholesterol transport theory&#44; we also established the axiom that the higher the amount of circulating HDL-cholesterol&#44; the lower the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular accidents&#46;</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The 21st century&#44; as in many other fields&#44; has broken this frame of mind and brought us back to the reality of a much more complex and ambivalent world&#46; We can still rely on the predictive value of LDL-cholesterol&#44; but the field of HDL-cholesterol&#44; or HDL in general&#44; has changed substantially&#46; Today we speak not only of the quantity of HDL-cholesterol in circulation&#44; but also of the quality of these HDL&#44; understood as an adequate composition in lipids&#44; apolipoproteins and associated enzymatic endowment that allows the growing list of beneficial properties ascribed to these lipoproteins to be fully manifested&#44; such as their participation in the cellular efflux of cholesterol and the metabolism of remaining lipoproteins&#44; or their anti-inflammatory&#44; antioxidant&#44; antiplatelet aggregation&#44; vasodilator&#44; etc&#46; activity&#46; Among the scientific evidence that has been published in the first two decades of this century and which has led to a paradigm shift in the vision of the role of HDL in cardiovascular pathologies&#44; the following should be highlighted&#58;<ul class="elsevierStyleList" id="lis0005"><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0005"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">&#8226;</span><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The resounding failure of the bet on drugs inhibiting plasma cholesteryl ester transfer activity as the new revolution in the pharmacological treatment of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease&#44; despite the huge increase in plasma HDL-cholesterol concentration induced&#46; Even in the case of the only drug that demonstrated a significant reduction in coronary events&#44; anacetrapib&#44; this effect can well be attributed to the reduction in LDL-cholesterol associated with the treatment&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a></p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0010"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">&#8226;</span><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The publication of robust epidemiological data indicating that very high HDL-Cholesterol levels are associated with an increase in cardiovascular and all-cause mortality&#44; in fact presenting a U-shaped relationship&#46;</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0015"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">&#8226;</span><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The evidence that&#44; in terms of cardiovascular disease prevention&#44; HDL has a prevailing capacity to facilitate cholesterol efflux from the periphery of the body to the liver&#44; through classical reverse cholesterol transport and by facilitating the metabolism of the remaining cholesterol-rich lipoproteins&#44; the so-called reverse remnant cholesterol transport &#40;RRT&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a></p></li></ul></p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The study published by Lahoz et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> in the current issue of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Cl&#237;nica e Investigaci&#243;n en Arteriosclerosis</span>&#44; focuses on another of the possible pleiotropic effects of HDL as a preventive factor in infectious diseases&#46; Specifically&#44; Lahoz et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> show&#44; in a population at high risk of COVID-19 infection &#40;population aged over 75 years&#41;&#44; the existence of an inverse and dose-dependent association between HDL cholesterol concentration and the risk of COVID-19 infection&#46; Moreover&#44; this association is maintained when adjusted for various factors&#44; including cardiovascular risk factors such as diabetes&#44; obesity&#44; hypertension&#44; smoking&#44; etc&#46; Many of these factors are associated with a poor quality of HDL&#44; in terms of its anti-inflammatory and antiplatelet potential&#44; etc&#46;&#44; so we can assume that&#44; as the study&#39;s conclusions indicate&#44; the reduction in the risk of infection depends decisively on the amount of circulating HDL-cholesterol&#46; Obviously&#44; we still have a long way to go to get a correct picture of the subtle balance between quantity and functional quality as far as the role of HDL is concerned&#46;<span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></p><p id="par1035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Uncited reference<span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0010">2</a></p></span>"
    "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf"
    "tienePdf" => true
    "NotaPie" => array:1 [
      0 => array:2 [
        "etiqueta" => "&#8902;"
        "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005">Please cite this article as&#58; Egea JCL&#46; Lipoprote&#237;nas HDL&#58; una relaci&#243;n fluida y cambiante entre cantidad y funcionalidad&#46; Clin Invest Arterioscl&#46; 2022&#59;34&#58;120&#8211;121&#46;</p>"
      ]
    ]
    "bibliografia" => array:2 [
      "titulo" => "References"
      "seccion" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "bibs0005"
          "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:4 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0005"
              "etiqueta" => "1"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Trials and tribulations of CETP inhibitors"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "A&#46;R&#46; Tall"
                            1 => "D&#46;J&#46; Rader"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.117.311978"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Circ Res&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2018"
                        "volumen" => "122"
                        "paginaInicial" => "106"
                        "paginaFinal" => "112"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29018035"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            1 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0010"
              "etiqueta" => "2"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "High-density lipoprotein cholesterol and mortality&#58; too much of a good thing&#63;"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "M&#46; Hamer"
                            1 => "G&#46; O&#8217;Donovan"
                            2 => "E&#46; Stamatakis"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1161/ATVBAHA.117.310587"
                      "Revista" => array:7 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2018"
                        "volumen" => "38"
                        "numero" => "3"
                        "paginaInicial" => "669"
                        "paginaFinal" => "672"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29326314"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            2 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0015"
              "etiqueta" => "3"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "HDL and Reverse Remnant-Cholesterol Transport &#40;RRT&#41;&#58; relevance to cardiovascular disease"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "A&#46; Kontush"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.molmed.2020.07.005"
                      "Revista" => array:7 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Trends Mol Med"
                        "fecha" => "2020"
                        "volumen" => "26"
                        "numero" => "12"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1086"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1100"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32861590"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            3 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0020"
              "etiqueta" => "4"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:1 [
                  "referenciaCompleta" => "Lahoz C&#44; Salinero-Fort MA&#44; C&#225;rdenas J&#44; Rodr&#237;guez-Artalejo F&#44; D&#237;az-Almiron M&#44; Vich-P&#233;rez P&#44; et al&#46; Concentraci&#243;n de colesterol-HDL y riesgo de infecci&#243;npor SARS-CoV-2 en personas mayores de 75 a&#241;os&#58; unacohorte con medio mill&#243;n de participantes de la Comunidad de Madrid&#46; Clin Invest Arterioscl&#46;"
                ]
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
  ]
  "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
  "url" => "/25299123/0000003400000003/v1_202206290742/S252991232200033X/v1_202206290742/en/main.assets"
  "Apartado" => array:4 [
    "identificador" => "63723"
    "tipo" => "SECCION"
    "en" => array:2 [
      "titulo" => "Editorial"
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
  ]
  "PDF" => "https://static.elsevier.es/multimedia/25299123/0000003400000003/v1_202206290742/S252991232200033X/v1_202206290742/en/main.pdf?idApp=UINPBA00004N&text.app=https://www.elsevier.es/"
  "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S252991232200033X?idApp=UINPBA00004N"
]
Article information
ISSN: 25299123
Original language: English
The statistics are updated each day
Year/Month Html Pdf Total
2024 November 3 3 6
2024 October 6 8 14
2024 September 21 17 38
2024 August 11 8 19
2024 July 10 2 12
2024 June 6 2 8
2024 May 6 0 6
2024 April 8 3 11
2024 March 4 2 6
2024 February 13 1 14
2024 January 5 1 6
2023 December 3 4 7
2023 November 10 2 12
2023 October 14 1 15
2023 September 9 3 12
2023 August 7 1 8
2023 July 2 2 4
2023 June 4 3 7
2023 May 4 0 4
Show all

Follow this link to access the full text of the article

es en pt

¿Es usted profesional sanitario apto para prescribir o dispensar medicamentos?

Are you a health professional able to prescribe or dispense drugs?

Você é um profissional de saúde habilitado a prescrever ou dispensar medicamentos