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Inicio Clínica e Investigación en Ginecología y Obstetricia Obstetric anal sphincter injuries (OASIS) incidence. Twenty-five years’ evolut...
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Vol. 52. Issue 1. (In progress)
(January - March 2025)
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Vol. 52. Issue 1. (In progress)
(January - March 2025)
Original Article
Obstetric anal sphincter injuries (OASIS) incidence. Twenty-five years’ evolution
Incidencia de las lesiones obstétricas del esfínter anal y su evolución en 25 años
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E. Alberch Camprubía, M. Mestre Costab,
Corresponding author
mmestre@tauli.cat

Corresponding author.
, J. Costa Pueyoa, J. Pubill Solerb
a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari, Institut d’Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí (I3PT-CERCA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Sabadell, Barcelona, Spain
b Pelvic Floor Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari, Institut d’Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí (I3PT-CERCA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Sabadell, Barcelona, Spain
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Tables (5)
Table 1. Evolution of descriptive data in the 25-year period studied.
Table 2. Evolution of types of deliveries from 2018 to 2021.
Table 3. Comparative analysis between OASIS rate in vaginal deliveries from 2019 to 2021 and 2018.
Table 4. Comparative analysis between OASIS rate in eutocic deliveries and operative vaginal deliveries.
Table 5. Comparative analysis between OASIS rate in Kjelland forceps deliveries and vacuum deliveries.
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Abstract
Introduction

Pelvic floor disorder is an issue that affects quality of life. Obstetric anal sphincter injuries (OASIS) are related to vaginal parity and can lead to anal incontinence in 60% of women in the long term. Its identification is crucial to perform optimal surgical repair. The aim of the study was to describe obstetric trauma in our population and evolution in a 25-year period.

Material and methods

Observational retrospective study of woman who delivered in Hospital Parc Taulí between 1998 and 2021. Patients without vaginal delivery or delivery before 22nd gestational week were excluded. Data processing and analysis were performed using Excel.2016 and IBM SPSS Statistics 17.0.

Results

Sixty thousand one hundred forty-five women who delivered in our hospital over the study period were included. Fifty thousand twenty-two (83.17%) had a vaginal delivery: 82.12% were eutocic and 17.22% operative assisted. Loco regional anaesthesia was performed in 81% and the overall episiotomy rate was 59.7%. OASIS were reported in 369 women, constituting 0.74% of all vaginal deliveries, the major part detected in Kjelland forceps deliveries (representing 46.8% of OASIS) and eutocic deliveries (41.5%). Analysing the evolution of OASIS, an important reduction from 2018 to 2021 was noticeable (1.1 vs. 0.6%) and also a statistically significant difference in OASIS rate between operative and eutocic deliveries (p<0.05).

Conclusions

The study agrees with the literature on the predominance of OASIS in forceps deliveries. It evidences a decrease in operative vaginal deliveries parallel to a significant decline of OASIS since 2018, when vacuum deliveries increased in detriment of forceps. Establishment of regular training programs appear to increase OASIS detection.

Keywords:
Obstetric anal sphincter injury
Episiotomy
Forceps delivery
Vacuum
Operative vaginal delivery
Anal incontinence
Resumen
Introducción

La enfermedad del suelo pélvico afecta la calidad de vida de las mujeres. Las lesiones obstétricas del esfínter anal (OASIS) están directamente relacionadas con el parto vaginal, y pueden conllevar incontinencia anal en un 60%. Su identificación es crucial para una reparación óptima. El objetivo del estudio fue describir el trauma obstétrico en nuestra población y su evolución en un período de 25 años.

Material y métodos

Estudio observacional retrospectivo de las mujeres que dieron a luz en el Hospital Parc Taulí entre 1998-2021. Los criterios de exclusión fueron parto no vaginal y prematuridad menor a 22 semanas. El análisis de datos se realizó con Excel® v.2016 e IBP SPSS® Statistics v.17.0.

Resultados

Se incluyeron 60.145 mujeres que dieron a luz en nuestro hospital durante el período de estudio. Cincuenta mil veintidós mujeres (83,17%) tuvieron un parto vaginal: 82,12% partos eutócicos y 17,22% partos instrumentados. En el 81% se practicó anestesia locorregional y en el 59,7% fue la tasa global de episiotomía. Trescientas sesenta y nueve mujeres sufrieron OASIS, constituyendo el 0,74% del total de partos vaginales; la mayoría detectados en fórceps de Kjelland (46,8%) y partos eutócicos (41,5%). Se evidenció una reducción significativa en la tasa de OASIS de 2018 hasta 2021 (1,1 vs. 0,6%). La diferencia en tasa de OASIS entre partos instrumentados y eutócicos también fue significativa (p<0,05).

Conclusiones

El estudio concuerda con la literatura sobre el predominio de OASIS en partos con fórceps. Con la reducción de partos instrumentados desde 2018, disminuye significativamente la tasa de OASIS, paralelamente al incremento del uso de ventosa. Los programas regulares de formación incrementan la detección de OASIS.

Palabras clave:
Lesiones obstétricas del esfínter anal
Episiotomía
Fórceps
Vacuum
Parto instrumentado
Incontinencia anal

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