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Inicio Clínica e Investigación en Ginecología y Obstetricia Penfigoide gestacional: estudio de 9 casos
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Vol. 31. Issue 7.
Pages 228-236 (January 2004)
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Vol. 31. Issue 7.
Pages 228-236 (January 2004)
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Penfigoide gestacional: estudio de 9 casos
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S. Belmontea1, S.P. González-Rodrígueza1, C.M. Simóna1, A. Cuboa1, L.M. Jiménez-Losaa1, M.A. Ruiza1, J.L. Lancharesa1, L.C. Tejerizo-Lópeza1, A Tejerizo-Garcíab2
1 Departamento de Obstetricia y Ginecología. Hospital Clínico Universitario.Salamanca.España.
2 Departamento de Obstetricia y Ginecología.Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre.Madrid.España.
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Resumen

El penfigoide gestacional es una dermatosis bullosa subepidérmica rara,que aparece generalmente en multíparas en el curso del segundo o tercer trimestre de la gestación o,eventualmente,en el posparto.

El objetivo de este trabajo es determinar el perfil epidemiológico, clínico, terapéutico y evolutivo de esta afección a través de una serie hospitalaria.

El estudio es retrospectivo,realizado en 9 pacientes que presentaron un penfigoide gestacional,confirmado por inmunofluorescencia directa y controladas por el servicio de dermatología.

La edad de aparición de la enfermedad estaba comprendida entre 18 y 35 años,con una media ± DE de 27,33 ±5,68 años. El primer acceso de penfigoide gestacional afectó,sobre todo,a las multíparas (77,77% de los casos) y había aparecido en el curso del tercer trimestre en 6 pacientes (66,66%). En todas las enfermas,el primer síntoma fue prurito intenso,seguido de una erupción eritematosa maculo papulosa. En el acmé del proceso,todas las mujeres presentaron máculas eritematosas confluyentes y policíclicas,rematadas por vesículas con disposición herpética,con predominio en la región umbilical. La inmunofluorescencia directa confirmó eldiagnóstico en todos los casos,objetivando un depósito lineal de la fracción C3 del complemento a lo largo de la unión dermoepidérmica. La corticoterapia general (0,5-1 mg/kg/día) se utilizó en el 77,77% de los casos (7 de 9 mujeres). La dapsonafue eficaz en 2 pacientes (22,22%); 3 pacientes (33,33%) mejoraron con antihistamínicos asociadosa los dermocorticoides. La evolución reflejó una recidiva de las lesiones en el posparto inmediato en 5mujeres (55,55%); 3 mujeres presentaron recidivas en el curso de gestaciones ulteriores.

El penfigoide gestacional es una dermatosis rara en el curso del embarazo. Nuestra serie se ajusta a lo reflejado en la bibliografía,con predominio de aparición en el tercer trimestre,un mayor porcentaje de multíparas y ausencia de afección en los neonatos. No obstante,es de destacar la afección relativamente alta de la cara y la eficacia de la dapsona cuando ésta fue prescrita.

Abstract

Pemphigoid gestationis is a rare subepidermal bullosadermatosis generally occurring during the secondor third trimester of pregnancy or in the postpartumperiod in multiparous women.

The aim of this work is to draw a profile of the epidemiology,clinical aspects, treatment and evolutionof the disease by studying a hospital series.

In this retrospective study, 9 cases of pemphigoidgestationis were confirmed by direct immunofluorescenceand followed up in the dermatology department.

The age of onset was 18 to 35 years (mean age ±SD, 27.33 ± 5.68 years). In these cases of pemphigoid gestationis, 77.77% occurred in women who had alreadybeen pregnant, and in 6 patients it appeared during the last 3 months. In all cases severe pruritus was the first symptom, followed by erythematous maculopapular eruption. At the worst stage of the disease allthe patients had anular, confluent, erythematous papules, herpes like with vesicle, mainly, in the umbilicalregion. Diagnosis of pemphigoid gestationis was confirmed by direct immunofluorescence, with linearstaining of the C3 fraction at the dermoepidermic base membrane. Systemic corticosteroids (0.5-1mg/kg/day) were used in 77.77% of the cases reported. Dapsone was effective in 22.22% of the patients,and 33.33% of the patients were treated with oral antihistamine and topical glucocorticoids. Recurrence inthe postpartum period occurred in 55.55% of the patients. Three patients had recurrence during subsequentpregnancies.

Pemphigoid gestationis is a rare dermatitis of pregnancy.Our series is comparable to current literature, with the disease appearing in the third trimester, the high frequency of multiparous women, and absence of neonatal involvement. However, we must highlightthe high frequency of facial involvement and the effectivenessof Dapsone.

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Copyright © 2004. Elsevier España, S.L.. Todos los derechos reservados
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