Psychological characteristics of dissociation in general population

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BDI=Inventario de Depresión de Beck;BIS-11=Escala de Impulsividad de Barrat; GSE=Escala de Autoeficacia General; EHS=Escala de bilidades Habilidades sociales; MCMI-II=Inventario Clinco Multiaxial de Millon; RSS=Escala de Autoestima de Rosenberg;SCL90-R=Cuestionario de 90 Sintoms." ] ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "Juan M. Ramos, Amelia Franquelo, Bárbara Franesqui, Amanda López" "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Juan M." 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Calle Simón Hernández 43, 2°B. 28937 Móstoles (Madrid), Spain." ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Características psicológicas de la disociación en la población general" ] ] "textoCompleto" => "Dissociation refers to the alteration of an individual's identity, with a loss of the integration of contents in consciousness (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015">Bernstein & Putnam, 1986</a>), being outside of voluntary control (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0140">Nemiah, 1991</a>), and affecting memory, identity, and the perception of the environment and time (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0025">Cardeña, 1994</a>). Currently, the prevalence of these disorders is around 1% (American Psychological Association, <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005">APA, 2014</a>); regardless of the presence of other comorbid disorder, the overall performance of these patients is severely damaged (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0135">Mueller-Pfeiffer et al., 2012</a>).In the past few years, the development of assessment instruments such as the Dissociative Experiences Scale (DES; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015">Bernstein & Putnam, 1986</a>), along with the inclusion of studies with non-clinical population, have allowed us to consider the dissociation as a continuum. This interpretation leads to contemplate dissociation as a psychological mechanism which is present to a greater or lesser extent in the entire population (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0090">Holmes et al., 2005</a>).The inclusion of conversion disorders within dissociative disorders remains essential for many authors, assuming the same process of splitting of consciousness (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0225">Scaer, 2001</a>). In this sense, dissociation would encompass the psychoform dissociation –classic dissociative symptoms, amnesia, depersonalization– and the somatoform dissociation –somatoform and conversive symptoms (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0140">Nemiah, 1991; Nijenhuis, Spinhoven, Van Dyck, Van der Hart, & Vanderlinden, 1996</a>).With the aim to understand dissociation, in recent decades several psychological variables have been individually studied. In the field of personality, the most common profile is characterized by higher levels of neuroticism (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0105">Kwapil, Wrobel, & Pope, 2002</a>) and openness to experience (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0080">Groth-Marnat & Jeffs, 2002; Vannucci & Mazzoni, 2006</a>), as well as lower levels of agreeableness and conscientiousness (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0105">Kwapil et al., 2002</a>).Suggestibility has been closely associated with dissociation (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0060">Giesbrecht, Lynn, Lilienfeld, & Merckelbach, 2008</a>), gaining special relevance in the forensic (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035">Chae, Goodman, Eisen, & Qin, 2011</a>) and clinical fields (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0230">Woody & Browers, 1994</a>). Empirically, the results are contradictory, finding results for (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0110">Marcusson-Clavertz, Terhune, & Cardeña, 2012</a>) and against (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0115">Maxwell, Lynn, & Condon, 2015</a>). To explain this discrepancy, it is hypothesized that the relationship between dissociation and suggestibility would be mediated by absorption and fantasy (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0045">Dienes et al., 2009</a>).One of the variables which have become increasingly important in recent years is sleep. A relationship has been found between the tendency to dissociate and different sleep-related experiences such as hypnopompic images, sense of presence, worsening of dissociative symptoms in sleeping deprivation (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0170">Kloet, Giesbrecht, & Merckelbach, 2015; Kloet, Merckelbach, Giesbrecht, & Broers, 2014</a>), and higher frequency of lucid dreams. These findings suggest that dissociators may have an ability to manipulate the content of the dreams as an effect of their imagination and attentional capacity absorption (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0055">Fassler, Knox, & Lynn, 2006</a>).Within emotional characteristics, although alexithymia is considered a separate construct of dissociation component due to the externally-oriented thinking (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0165">Tolmunen et al., 2010</a>), it seems to be more related to somatoform dissociation and conversion symptoms (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0125">Meyers, Fleming, Lancman, Perrine, & Lancman, 2013</a>), which may indicate that alexithymia is differentially associated depending on the type of dissociation.Finally, it has been proposed that dissociation may be a strategy of adjustment used to face higher levels of arousal, but it can lead to a maladaptation increasing the discomfort of the individuals, showing a relationship between difficulties in emotional regulation and dissociation (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0155">Powers, Cross, Fani, & Bradley, 2015</a>). In this sense, this relationship is particularly relevant in the link between the presence of dissociative symptoms and emotional dysregulation (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0125">Meyers et al., 2013; Moulton, Newman, Power, Swanson, & Day, 2015</a>).For all these reasons, it becomes important to jointly study and explore the psychological profile associated with both subtypes of dissociation, being the main objective of the present study.MethodParticipantsThe initial sample consisted of 389 participants recruited from the general population, although 34 were removed for the final analysis because they did not properly complete the assessment battery. Therefore, the final sample comprised 355 participants. The age of the subjects ranged from 18 and 65 years (mean age=34.88 and standard deviation=14.43), and there was a 40.28% of males (n=143, mean age=35.47, standard deviation=14.88) and a 59.72% of females (n=212, mean age=34.67, standard deviation=14.13).ProcedureData was collected by students from the Camilo José Cela University and the Complutense University of Madrid through the snowball sampling method. These university students were instructed with the experimental protocol, and each of them had to evaluate 3 males and 3 females after signing an informed consent. The assessment protocol was completed in two 1.30-hour sessions.Assessment InstrumentsTo carry out this research, the following assessment instruments were used, in order of application:Dissociative Experiences Scale II (DES-II; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0030">Carlson and Putnam, 1993; Icarán, Colom, & Orengo-Garcia, 1996</a>). It is a self-reported scale of 28 items which includes the presence of a wide range of experiences and dissociative phenomena (amnesia, depersonalisation, derealisation, and absorption). Test-retest reliability ranged from .78 to .93, and the internal consistency was .93. In the sample analysed, a Cronbach's alpha of .91 was obtained.Somatoform Dissociation Questionnaire (SDQ-20; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0145">Nijenhuis et al., 1996</a>). This questionnaire consists of 20 items that evaluate somatoform dissociation symptoms, as tunnel vision, analgesia, localized pain, or pseudo-epileptic crisis. For the present study a <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0195">Holm's (2002)</a> translated version was used. SDQ's Spanish version has shown very good internal consistency, with a Cronbach's alpha of .866 and convergent validity with DES (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015">Bernstein & Putnam, 1986</a>) of .64 (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0070">González-Vázquez et al., 2017</a>). In the present study, the instrument showed a Cronbach's alpha of .84.Inventory of Suggestibility (IS; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0065">Gonzalez-Ordi & Miguel-Tobal, 1999</a>). This inventory consists of 22 items and offers a general measure of suggestibility, encompassing four subscales: fantasize, absorption, emotional involvement, and suggestibility (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0215">Salguero, Ruíz, Fernández-Berrocal, & González-Ordi, 2008</a>). The IS psychometric characteristics indicate a good test-retest reliability (.70) and a good internal consistency, with alpha=.79 (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0065">Gonzalez-Ordi & Miguel-Tobal, 1999</a>). In this study the IS showed a Cronbach's alpha of .85.Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0210">Parker, Bagby, Taylor, Endler, & Schmitz, 1993; Martinez-Sanchez, 1996</a>). This scale provides a global score, and also a specific score for the following factors: confusion of the emotion with bodily sensations, emotional language deficits, and externally-oriented thinking. Reliability indices in the Spanish adaptation show a good internal consistency, with a Cronbach's alpha of .78, and a test-retest reliability of .71, with a reliability of .85 in the sample used.Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0075">Gratz & Roemer, 2004; Hervas & Jodar, 2008</a>). DERS consists of 28 items and assesses the difficulties in emotion regulation, providing both a total score and scores on five scales: (1) attention to emotions, (2) confusion in identifying emotions, (3) rejection of emotions, (4) interference of emotion, and (5) lack of control in the regulation of emotions and feeling of overflow of emotions. In the present study, this instrument showed a Cronbach's alpha of .94.Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO PI-R; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0040">Costa & McCrae, 1992; Cordero, Pamos, Seisdedos, & Costa, 1999</a>). The inventory assesses the factors of the Big Five personality model: neuroticism (anxiety, angry hostility, depression, self-consciousness, impulsiveness, and vulnerability), extraversion (warmth, gregariousness, assertiveness, activity, excitement seeking, and positive emotions),openness to experience (fantasy, aesthetics, feelings, actions, ideas, and values), agreeableness (trust, straightforwardness, altruism, compliance, modesty, and tender-mindedness) and conscientiousness (competence, order, dutifulness, achievement striving, self-discipline, and deliberation). General reliability indices show a good internal consistency, ranging between .90 and .82 for the different factors.Sleep. To assess problems and sleep-related experiences, the following ad hoc questions were prepared for the participants: (1) sleep problems in the past two weeks, (2) daytime sleepiness in the last two weeks, and (3) frequent presence of nightmares. These three questions were stated in dichotomous terms (Yes/No). In addition, participants were also asked about: (1) hours of sleep during the day (participants should write down the average of the number of hours they sleep each day) and (2) frequency of lucid dreams (in this case, the answer in a Likert scale format, where 1 was never and 5 almost always).ResultsDifferences in Psychoform DissociationParticipants were split into two subgroups according to the clinical endpoints in DES (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0180">van Ijzendoorn & Schuengel, 1996</a>): low dissociators (scores<6) and high dissociators (scores> 30). The low dissociators group consisted of 117 participants and the high dissociators group consisted of 21 subjects, representing a 5.9% of the total.Results showed that high dissociators differ significantly from low dissociators in different variables (see <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>). High dissociators exhibited greater scores in somatoform dissociation (U=377.0, p <.01), IS (U=453.0, p <.01), fantasize (U=299.0, p <.01), absorption (U=519.5, p <.01), alexithymia levels (U=236.5, p <.01), except in externally-oriented thinking, DERS and all its subscales (U=253, 0, p <.01), neuroticism (U=513.5, p <.01), facets of hostility (U=617.0, p <.01), depression (U=618.5, p <.01), and search of sensations (U=597.5, p <.01), showing a large effect size (Cohen's d> 0.08).<elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia>On the contrary, high dissociators showed lower average scores in agreeableness (U=607.5, p <.01), conscientiousness (U=594.0, p <.01), trust (U=493.0, p <.01), altruism (U=671.0, p <.01), competence (U=619.5, p <.01), dutifulness (U=531.0, p <.01), and deliberation (U=461.5, p <.01), with a large effect size (Cohen's d> 0.08).In the rest of the significant differences between both groups, the effect size was low or moderate.In relation to the presence of sleep problems, differences were found between both dissociators groups, where 22.7% of the low dissociators showed sleep problems and 65.2% of high dissociators indicated this kind of problem, χ2(1)=14.757, p <.001. With regard to daytime sleepiness, the 22.7% of low dissociators indicated daytime sleepiness, while the percentage within the high dissociators was of 52.2%, χ2(1)=6.996, p=.008. Finally, 5.9% of low dissociators presented frequent nightmares, while the 21.7% of the high dissociators reported this complication during sleep, χ2(1)=4.313, p=.038.Differences in Somatoform DissociationBased on the level of somatoform dissociation measured by the SDQ-20, two groups were formed. To this end, criteria for discriminative validity from the questionnaire in different clinical populations (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0145">Nijenhuis et al., 1996; Sar, Kundakci, Kiziltan, Bakim, & Bozkurt, 2000</a>) were considered. In this scale, scores greater than 30 discriminate dissociative and somatoform disorders. The group of low somatoform dissociation was defined with scores on the SDQ-20 equal to 20, which was the minimum score on the scale, and comprised 177 participants. The group of high somatoform dissociation was composed for 16 participants, representing the 4.5% of the whole sample.Results showed that participants with high scores on the SDQ-20 did significantly differ from participants with low scores in the following factors: DES total score (U=301.5, p <. 01), DES subscales, IS (U=489.5, p <.01), s fantasize and suggestibility scales, alexithymia total score (U=700.0, p <.01), confusion and emotional language subscales, DERS (U=369.5, p <.01), and rejection, interference, and lack of control subscales. In all these measurements the mean score was higher in the group of high somatoform dissociation with a large effect size (see <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a>). Regarding the personality, the group with higher somatoform dissociation showed greater scores in neuroticism (U=654.5, p <.01) and impulsiveness (U=774.0, p <.01), with a Cohen's d greater than 0.80. Other significant differences between groups showed a medium effect size.<elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia>Regarding the presence of sleeping problems, significant differences between both groups were found. In the low group of somatoform dissociations, 21.0% presented sleep problems, while in the high group this percentage was 88.2%, χ2(1)=32.496, p <.001. There were also differences in the daytime sleepiness, in which 23.8% of the low somatizers indicated daytime sleepiness, being this percentage 58.8%, χ2(1)=8.042, p=.005, in the high group. Finally, in relation to the presence of frequent nightmares, differences were found between both groups χ2(1)=28.338, p <.001, being more frequent in the group of higher somatizers (64.7%) than in the lower somatizers one (11.7%).Discussion and ConclusionsLooking at the profiles that have been obtained, the group of high dissociators presents higher scores in somatoform dissociation; in the same vein, the high somatizers’ group presents higher dissociation levels. This agrees with the theoretical proposals that consider both types of symptoms as dissociative (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0145">Nijenhuis et al., 1996</a>). This is especially relevant in the clinical practice and in the understanding of underlying processes.As for the prevalence in the sample of participants with high dissociation scores, 5% of the sample scores are beyond the clinical cut off point for the dissociative symptomatology, being much higher than the prevalence found in other studies, placing it at 1% (American Psychological Association, <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005">APA, 2014</a>). Although it is not possible to conclude that these participants have a dissociative pathology, this data highlights the relevance of this type of symptomatology.In the psychoform dissociation, the profile found indicated higher levels of difficulty in emotional regulation, which was associated with rejection, lack of control, and emotional interference (but not with their neglect). This may indicate a fundamental objective in treatment, since dissociation appears to be an ineffective long-term emotional regulation strategy (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0155">Powers et al., 2015</a>).Regarding suggestibility, the profile of psychoform dissociation showed higher levels of suggestibility, absorption, and fantasize, but not impressionability. These results are in line with previous studies (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0110">Marcusson-Clavertz et al., 2012</a>) supporting the hypothesis that absorption and fantasize may play a mediator role between dissociation and suggestibility (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0045">Dienes et al., 2009</a>).Additionally, the profile indicates higher levels in alexithymia, especially in the confusion with bodily sensations and emotional language, but not in externally-oriented thinking. These findings corroborate the differentiation between alexithymia and dissociative processes (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0165">Tolmunen et al., 2010</a>), which mainly diverge in propensity to fantasy.In personality, the psychoform dissociation presented a more neurotic profile, angry hostility, and depression, in line with previous literature, being more evident (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0080">Groth-Marnat & Jeffs, 2002; Marshall, Spitzer, & Liebowitz, 2000</a>; Meyers et al., 2013). As for the other factors, the profile found indicated a higher level of excitement seeking (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0160">Ruiz, Pincus, & Ray, 1999</a>) and fantasy (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0120">Merckelbach, Horselenberg, & Schmidt, 2002</a>), but lower levels of warmth, gregariousness, agreeableness (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0050">Evren et al., 2013; Meyers et al., 2013</a>) and conscientiousness (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0080">Groth-Marnat & Jeffs, 2002; Kwapil et al., 2002</a>). This profile indicates a more vulnerable style of emotions and their regulation to achieve one's goals, lower level of rationality and planner, a grater search of emotions and fancifulness, with the perception of the world as a hostile place and with a more isolated and hard style. With regard to sleeping, results pointed out that psychoform dissociation is associated with sleep disturbances (conciliation, daytime sleepiness) and with greater presence of nightmares and lucid dreams, which is corroborated by previous studies (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0100">Knox & Jay Lynn, 2014; van der Kloet, Giesbrecht, & Merckelbach, 2015; van der Kloet, Merckelbach, Giesbrecht, & Broers, 2014</a>).The somatoform dissociation profile found showed higher difficulties in emotional regulation, and more specifically in rejection, lack of control, and interference, as described in the psychoform disassociation profile.In suggestibility, the profile indicated a higher suggestibility, particularly in fantasize and suggestibility, not showing higher absorption levels. These profile differences between the two types of dissociation reveal a differentiation in the underlying processes, and therefore, it should be an objective for future research.In alexithymia, the profile showed greater somatization scores in emotional language, but especially in confusion with bodily sensations, which is in line with previous findings (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0020">Brown, Danquarh, Miles, Holmes, & Poliakoff, 2010</a>).Those somatizers with a high profile in personality showed higher scores in neuroticism, anxiety, impulsiveness and, to a lesser extent, angry hostility, depression, self-consciousness, and vulnerability. According to the rest of factors analyzed, they presented higher scores in excitement seeking and fantasy, and lower scores in trust, conscientiousness, self-discipline, and deliberation, with moderate differences in all them. The profile described in somatization was similar to that obtained in dissociation, but differences between low and high scores in somatoform dissociation are less evident in the different facets explored. These data suggest that this type of dissociation is related to more anxious profiles, which is consistent with those studies that related somatoform disorders with anxiety processes, the arousal, the hypervigilance to bodily sensations, and more avoidant profiles (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0010">Baslet, 2011; Brown et al., 2010; Novakova, Howlett, Baker, & Reuber, 2015</a>).In terms of sleep, the profile found in somatization is the same as in the psychoform dissociation, highlighting the importance of these processes and symptoms in both types of dissociation.It is important to highlight that the present study presents some limitations related to the data obtained from somatoform dissociation, since the questionnaire used had not been adapted to the Spanish population yet.For future research, it should be important to evaluate the history of trauma and the sleep problems in both types of dissociation in a more comprehensively way, because they are closely related variables. Additionally, this study should be extended to clinical populations, in order to observe a possible vulnerability profile of dissociation.Conflict of InterestThe authors of this article declare no conflict of interest." "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [ "secciones" => array:9 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "xres936378" "titulo" => "Abstract" "secciones" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "identificador" => "abst0005" ] ] ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec910486" "titulo" => "Keywords" ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "xres936379" "titulo" => "Resumen" "secciones" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "identificador" => "abst0010" ] ] ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec910487" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" ] 4 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "sec0005" "titulo" => "Method" "secciones" => array:3 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0010" "titulo" => "Participants" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0015" "titulo" => "Procedure" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0020" "titulo" => "Assessment Instruments" ] ] ] 5 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "sec0025" "titulo" => "Results" "secciones" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0030" "titulo" => "Differences in Psychoform Dissociation" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0035" "titulo" => "Differences in Somatoform Dissociation" ] ] ] 6 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0040" "titulo" => "Discussion and Conclusions" ] 7 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0045" "titulo" => "Conflict of Interest" ] 8 => array:1 [ "titulo" => "References" ] ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "fechaRecibido" => "2017-09-20" "fechaAceptado" => "2017-09-29" "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [ "en" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Keywords" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec910486" "palabras" => array:8 [ 0 => "Somatoform dissociation" 1 => "Psychoform dissociation" 2 => "Dissociative profile" 3 => "Personality" 4 => "Alexithymia" 5 => "Emotional" 6 => "Regulation" 7 => "Suggestibility" ] ] ] "es" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec910487" "palabras" => array:7 [ 0 => "Disociación somatoforme" 1 => "Disociación psicoforme" 2 => "Perfil disociativo" 3 => "Personalidad" 4 => "Alexitimia" 5 => "Regulación emocional" 6 => "Sugestionabilidad" ] ] ] ] "tieneResumen" => true "resumen" => array:2 [ "en" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Abstract" "resumen" => "Dissociation is defined as the separation of those processes that should be accessible, considering that both somatoform and conversion symptoms may be understood as dissociative. In recent decades, psychological variables have been related to dissociation, such as suggestibility, fantasy, alexithymia, abnormal emotional processes, and also a particular personality profile. The aim of this paper is to study the profile associated with psychoform and somatoform dissociation. The sample consisted of 355 participants. University students employed the snowball sampling. The following instruments were used: the Dissociative Experiences Scale-II (DES-II), the Questionnaire Somatoform Dissociation (SDQ-20), the Inventory Suggestibility (IS), the Alexithymia Scale Toronto (TAS-20), the Scale Difficulties in Emotion Regulation (DERS), the revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI), and some ad hoc questions to evaluate sleep-related experiences. The results indicated that high dissociators showed higher scores on suggestibility, alexithymia, sleep- related experiences, neuroticism, openness to experience, and lower conscientiousness than low dissociators, the results being similar to those obtained by high somatizers. As a conclusion, the profile found in both types of dissociation indicated their existing relationship, and pointed out possible lines of future research and treatment." ] "es" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Resumen" "resumen" => "La disociación se define como la separación de procesos que deberían ser accesibles, considerándose que los síntomas somatomorfos y conversivos pueden entenderse como disociativos. En las últimas décadas se han encontrado variables psicológicas relacionadas con la disociación, como la sugestionabilidad, la fantasía, alexitimia, alteraciones en los procesos emocionales y un perfil concreto de personalidad. El objetivo de este trabajo es estudiar el perfil asociado a la disociación psicoforme y somaforme. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 355 participantes. El muestreo consistió en la bola de nieve por parte de estudiantes universitarios. Para su realización se utilizó la Escala de Experiencias Disociativas-II (DES-II), el Cuestionario de Disociación Somatoforme (SDQ-20), el Inventario de Sugestionabilidad (IS), la Escala de Alexitimia de Toronto (TAS-20), la Escala de Dificultades en la Regulación Emocional (DERS), el Inventario de Personalidad NEO revisado (NEO-PI) y preguntas elaboradas ad hoc para evaluar experiencias relacionadas con el sueño. Los sujetos con elevada disociación mostraron mayores puntuaciones en sugestionabilidad, alexitimia, experiencias de sueño, neuroticismo y apertura y menores en responsabilidad, de forma muy similar al grupo de sujetos de elevada somatización. Puede concluirse que el perfil hallado en ambos tipos de disociación refleja la relación existente entre ambas y señala posibles líneas de investigación y tratamiento futuros." ] ] "multimedia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0005" "etiqueta" => "Table 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at1" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:3 [ "leyenda" => "Note. Only significant differences between groups are shown." "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"></th><th class="td" title="table-head " colspan="2" align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Low dissociators</th><th class="td" title="table-head " colspan="2" align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">High dissociators</th><th class="td" title="table-head " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Mann-Whitney's U </th><th class="td" title="table-head " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Cohen's d</th></tr><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Mean \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">(SD) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Mean \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">(SD) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">SDQ-20 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">20.6 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">(1.4) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">27.7 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">(8.6) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">377.0** \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1.15 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">IS \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">30.9 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">(11.5) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">47.2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">(12.8) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">453.0** \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1.34 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Fantasize \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">3.9 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">(3.2) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">10.1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">(3.7) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">299.0** \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1.79 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Absorption \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">7.8 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">(2.8) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">11.0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">(2.4) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">519.5** \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1.22 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Emotional involvement \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">7.0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">(4.0) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">9.3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">(4.2) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">916.5<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005">*</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.56 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="7" align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">TAS-20 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">45.6 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">(12.4) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">67.2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">(11.4) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">236.5** \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1.81 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Confusion of emotion with bodily sensations \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">12.5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">(5.7) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">23.3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">(4.9) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">228.5** \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">2.03 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Emotional language \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">13.1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">(5.1) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">20.7 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">(4.9) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">384.0** \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1.51 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Externally-oriented thinking \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">20.0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">(5.2) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">23.2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">(6.2) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">909.0<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005">*</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.55 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="7" align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">DERS \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">47.1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">(13.5) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">80.5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">(20.2) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">253.0** \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">2.26 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Desatention \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">8.7 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">(3.4) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">11.6 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">(3.4) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">752.5** \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.85 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Confusion \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">6.4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">(2.5) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">10.9 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">(3.3) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">372.5** \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1.53 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Rejection \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">11.1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">(4.5) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">20.1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">(7.1) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">399.5** \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1.51 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Interference \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">8.0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">(3.4) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">13.3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">(4.5) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">485.0** \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1.33 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Decontrol \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">12.9 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">(4.9) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">25,5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">(9.7) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">345.0** \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1.64 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="7" align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Neuroticism \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">56.1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">(9.7) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">67.1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">(11.0) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">513.5** \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1.06 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Anxiety \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">54.1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">(8.8) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">60,3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">(8.5) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">774.0** \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.72 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Angry hostility \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">56.8 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">(12.9) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">68.7 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">(12.4) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">617.0** \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.94 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Depression \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">53.7 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">(10.2) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">64.0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">(13.7) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">618.5** \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.85 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Impulsiveness \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">54.2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">(9.4) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">62.4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">(11.4) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">758.5** \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.78 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Vulnerability \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">58.1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">(12.6) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">67.9 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">(15.4) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">808.0<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005">*</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.70 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="7" align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="7" align="char" valign="top">Extraversion</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Warmth \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">43.3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">(12.2) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">36.2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">(12.0) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">808.0<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005">*</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.59 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Gregariousness \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">45.0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">(9.9) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">37.9 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">(9.8) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">712.0** \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.72 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Excitement seeking \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">48.3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">(11.1) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">59.5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">(11.8) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">597.5** \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.98 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="7" align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="7" align="char" valign="top">Openness to experience</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Fantasy \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">47.1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">(8.6) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">54.1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">(11.9) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">794.0<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005">*</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.67 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="7" align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Agreeableness \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">44.5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">(10.8) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">32.6 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">(13.7) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">607.5** \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.96 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Trust \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">44.9 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">(10.5) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">32.3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">(12.4) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">493.0** \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1.10 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Straightforwardness \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">48.5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">(9.9) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">40.4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">(15.2) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">836.0<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005">*</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.63 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Altruism \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">46.8 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">(12.3) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">37.3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">(10.4) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">671.0** \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.83 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Compliance \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">43.1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">(10.2) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">35.2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">(14.0) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">833.5<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005">*</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.64 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Modesty \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">49.7 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">(10.8) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">43.8 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">(10.3) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">888.5<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005">*</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.56 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="7" align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Conscientiousness \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">41.0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">(11.0) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">29.7 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">(11.4) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">594.0** \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1.00 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Competence \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">42.6 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">(10.2) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">32.1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">(11.7) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">619.5** \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.96 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Dutifulness \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">45.7 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">(10.7) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">31.8 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">(13.2) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">531.0** \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1.16 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Self-discipline \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">40.2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">(12.5) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">32.5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">(15.9) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">812.0<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005">*</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.54 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Deliberation \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">45.0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">(9.9) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">32.7 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">(8.8) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">461.5** \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1.31 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="7" align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Lucid dreams \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">2.0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">(1.0) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">2.5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">(1.2) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1023.5<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005">*</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.45 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab1582887.png" ] ] ] "notaPie" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "tblfn0005" "etiqueta" => "*" "nota" => "p <.05, **p <.01." ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Mann – Whitney's U Test between High and Low Pychoform Dissociators." ] ] 1 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0010" "etiqueta" => "Table 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at2" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:3 [ "leyenda" => "Note. Only significant differences between groups are shown." "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"></th><th class="td" title="table-head " colspan="2" align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Low dissociators</th><th class="td" title="table-head " colspan="2" align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">High dissociators</th><th class="td" title="table-head " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Mann-Whitney's U </th><th class="td" title="table-head " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Cohen's d</th></tr><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Mean \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">(SD) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Mean \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">(SD) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">DES \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">8.5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">(7.6) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">27.2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">(13.1) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">301.5** \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1.15 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Absorption \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">13.9 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">(11.3) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">40.1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">(14.6) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">274.5** \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">2.00 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Amnesia \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">5.0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">(6.4) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">17.3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">(12.4) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">444.0** \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1.24 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Depersonalization \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">3.8 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">(6.2) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">17.0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">(16.0) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">560.5** \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1.09 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="7" align="char" valign="top"></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">IS \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">34.9 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">(12.2) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">50.6 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">(9.9) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">489.5** \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1.41 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Fantasize \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">5.3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">(3.9) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">10.5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">(2.7) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">443.0** \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1.55 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Emotional implication \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">7.5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">(4.0) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">10.4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">(4.2) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">960.0<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0015">*</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.70 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Impressionability \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">7.8 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">(3.5) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">11.3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">(3.7) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">721.5** \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.97 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="7" align="char" valign="top"></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">TAS-20 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">48.5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">(13.9) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">64.1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">(15.9) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">700.0** \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1.04 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Confusion of sensations \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">13.5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">(6.2) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">23.5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">(7.9) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">506.5** \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1.40 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Emotional language \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">14.4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">(6.1) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">19.2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">(5.2) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">873.0** \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.84 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="7" align="char" valign="top"></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">DERS \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">52.7 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">(18.9) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">80.6 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">(16.3) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">369.5** \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1.58 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Desatention \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">9.1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">(3.6) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">9.8 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">(3.0) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1209.5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Confusion \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">7.1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">(3.3) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">9.9 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">(4.0) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">848.0** \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.76 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Rejection \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">12.6 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">(5.9) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">22.2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">(5.3) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">342.0** \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1.71 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Interference \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">9.1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">(4.1) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">13.9 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">(4.3) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">583.0** \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1.14 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Decontrol \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">14.8 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">(7.0) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">24.7 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">(8.4) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">486.0** \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1.28 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="7" align="char" valign="top"></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Neuroticism \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">58.0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">(10.4) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">68.7 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">(10.1) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">654.5** \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1.04 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Anxiety \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">54.6 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">(9.1) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">62.4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">(10.5) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">773.5** \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.79 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Angry hostility \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">58.9 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">(12.6) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">67.2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">(10.8) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">875.0<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0015">*</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.70 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Depression \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">56.0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">(11.4) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">63.7 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">(12.9) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">970.5<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0015">*</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.63 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Self-consciousness \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">53.6 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">(10.0) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">60.1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">(12.9) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">966.0<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0015">*</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.56 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Impulsiveness \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">54.9 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">(9.7) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">64.2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">(11.4) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">774.0<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0015">*</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.88 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Vulnerability \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">59.5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">(12.7) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">67.3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">(14.1) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">957.0<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0015">*</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.58 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="7" align="char" valign="top"></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="7" align="char" valign="top">Extraversion</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Excitement seeking \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">50.9 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">(11.7) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">58.9 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">(12.2) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">938.0<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0015">*</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.66 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="7" align="char" valign="top"></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="7" align="char" valign="top">Openness to experience</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Fantasy \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">48.9 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">(10.1) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">56.7 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">(11.9) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">866.5<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0015">*</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.70 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="7" align="char" valign="top"></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="7" align="char" valign="top">Agreeableness</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Trust \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">43.3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">(11.6) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">35.4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">(14.3) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">959.0<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0015">*</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.60 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Conscientiousness \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">37.4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">(11.6) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">29.4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">(16.4) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">923.0<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0015">*</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.56 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Self-discipline \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">36.9 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">(13.1) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">29.2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">(16.6) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">980.5<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0015">*</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.51 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Deliberation \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">41.7 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">(11.5) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">33.6 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">(13.1) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">887.5<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0015">*</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.66 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Sleeping hours \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">7.2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">(1.0) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">6.5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">(1.2) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1028.5<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0015">*</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.63 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Lucid dreams \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">2.1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">(1.0) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">2.8 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">(1.0) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1000.0<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0015">*</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.70 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab1582886.png" ] ] ] "notaPie" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "tblfn0015" "etiqueta" => "*" "nota" => "p <.05, **p <.01." ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Mann-Whitney's U test between High and Low Somatoform Dissociators." ] ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "References" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0015" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:46 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0005" "etiqueta" => "APA, 2014" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Manual Diagnóstico y Estadístico de los Trastornos Mentales" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "colaboracion" => "American Psychiatric Association (APA)" "etal" => false ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Libro" => array:4 [ "edicion" => "5th ed." 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Bowers" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "LibroEditado" => array:4 [ "titulo" => "Dissociation: Clinical and theoretical perspectives" "paginaInicial" => "52" "paginaFinal" => "79" "serieFecha" => "1994" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "url" => "/11305274/0000002800000003/v1_201711081118/S1130527417300373/v1_201711081118/en/main.assets" "Apartado" => null "PDF" => "https://static.elsevier.es/multimedia/11305274/0000002800000003/v1_201711081118/S1130527417300373/v1_201711081118/en/main.pdf?idApp=UINPBA00004N&text.app=https://www.elsevier.es/" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S1130527417300373?idApp=UINPBA00004N"]

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Características psicológicas de la disociación en la población general

Ángeles Serrano-Sevillanoa,

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ma.serranosevillano@gmail.com

Corresponding author. Calle Simón Hernández 43, 2°B. 28937 Móstoles (Madrid), Spain.

, Héctor González-Ordib, Beatriz Corbí-Granc, Miguel Ángel Vallejo-Parejaa

a National Distance Education University (UNED), Madrid, Spain

b Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain

c Villanueva University, Madrid, Spain

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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Dissociation refers to the alteration of an individual&#39;s identity&#44; with a loss of the integration of contents in consciousness &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015">Bernstein &#38; Putnam&#44; 1986</a>&#41;&#44; being outside of voluntary control &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0140">Nemiah&#44; 1991</a>&#41;&#44; and affecting memory&#44; identity&#44; and the perception of the environment and time &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0025">Carde&#241;a&#44; 1994</a>&#41;&#46; Currently&#44; the prevalence of these disorders is around 1&#37; &#40;American Psychological Association&#44; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005">APA&#44; 2014</a>&#41;&#59; regardless of the presence of other comorbid disorder&#44; the overall performance of these patients is severely damaged &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0135">Mueller-Pfeiffer et al&#46;&#44; 2012</a>&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In the past few years&#44; the development of assessment instruments such as the Dissociative Experiences Scale &#40;DES&#59; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015">Bernstein &#38; Putnam&#44; 1986</a>&#41;&#44; along with the inclusion of studies with non-clinical population&#44; have allowed us to consider the dissociation as a continuum&#46; This interpretation leads to contemplate dissociation as a psychological mechanism which is present to a greater or lesser extent in the entire population &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0090">Holmes et al&#46;&#44; 2005</a>&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The inclusion of conversion disorders within dissociative disorders remains essential for many authors&#44; assuming the same process of splitting of consciousness &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0225">Scaer&#44; 2001</a>&#41;&#46; In this sense&#44; dissociation would encompass the psychoform dissociation &#8211;classic dissociative symptoms&#44; amnesia&#44; depersonalization&#8211; and the somatoform dissociation &#8211;somatoform and conversive symptoms &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0140">Nemiah&#44; 1991&#59; Nijenhuis&#44; Spinhoven&#44; Van Dyck&#44; Van der Hart&#44; &#38; Vanderlinden&#44; 1996</a>&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">With the aim to understand dissociation&#44; in recent decades several psychological variables have been individually studied&#46; In the field of personality&#44; the most common profile is characterized by higher levels of neuroticism &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0105">Kwapil&#44; Wrobel&#44; &#38; Pope&#44; 2002</a>&#41; and openness to experience &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0080">Groth-Marnat &#38; Jeffs&#44; 2002&#59; Vannucci &#38; Mazzoni&#44; 2006</a>&#41;&#44; as well as lower levels of agreeableness and conscientiousness &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0105">Kwapil et al&#46;&#44; 2002</a>&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Suggestibility has been closely associated with dissociation &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0060">Giesbrecht&#44; Lynn&#44; Lilienfeld&#44; &#38; Merckelbach&#44; 2008</a>&#41;&#44; gaining special relevance in the forensic &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035">Chae&#44; Goodman&#44; Eisen&#44; &#38; Qin&#44; 2011</a>&#41; and clinical fields &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0230">Woody &#38; Browers&#44; 1994</a>&#41;&#46; Empirically&#44; the results are contradictory&#44; finding results for &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0110">Marcusson-Clavertz&#44; Terhune&#44; &#38; Carde&#241;a&#44; 2012</a>&#41; and against &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0115">Maxwell&#44; Lynn&#44; &#38; Condon&#44; 2015</a>&#41;&#46; To explain this discrepancy&#44; it is hypothesized that the relationship between dissociation and suggestibility would be mediated by absorption and fantasy &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0045">Dienes et al&#46;&#44; 2009</a>&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">One of the variables which have become increasingly important in recent years is sleep&#46; A relationship has been found between the tendency to dissociate and different sleep-related experiences such as hypnopompic images&#44; sense of presence&#44; worsening of dissociative symptoms in sleeping deprivation &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0170">Kloet&#44; Giesbrecht&#44; &#38; Merckelbach&#44; 2015&#59; Kloet&#44; Merckelbach&#44; Giesbrecht&#44; &#38; Broers&#44; 2014</a>&#41;&#44; and higher frequency of lucid dreams&#46; These findings suggest that dissociators may have an ability to manipulate the content of the dreams as an effect of their imagination and attentional capacity absorption &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0055">Fassler&#44; Knox&#44; &#38; Lynn&#44; 2006</a>&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Within emotional characteristics&#44; although alexithymia is considered a separate construct of dissociation component due to the externally-oriented thinking &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0165">Tolmunen et al&#46;&#44; 2010</a>&#41;&#44; it seems to be more related to somatoform dissociation and conversion symptoms &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0125">Meyers&#44; Fleming&#44; Lancman&#44; Perrine&#44; &#38; Lancman&#44; 2013</a>&#41;&#44; which may indicate that alexithymia is differentially associated depending on the type of dissociation&#46;</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Finally&#44; it has been proposed that dissociation may be a strategy of adjustment used to face higher levels of arousal&#44; but it can lead to a maladaptation increasing the discomfort of the individuals&#44; showing a relationship between difficulties in emotional regulation and dissociation &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0155">Powers&#44; Cross&#44; Fani&#44; &#38; Bradley&#44; 2015</a>&#41;&#46; In this sense&#44; this relationship is particularly relevant in the link between the presence of dissociative symptoms and emotional dysregulation &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0125">Meyers et al&#46;&#44; 2013&#59; Moulton&#44; Newman&#44; Power&#44; Swanson&#44; &#38; Day&#44; 2015</a>&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">For all these reasons&#44; it becomes important to jointly study and explore the psychological profile associated with both subtypes of dissociation&#44; being the main objective of the present study&#46;</p><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Method</span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0030">Participants</span><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The initial sample consisted of 389 participants recruited from the general population&#44; although 34 were removed for the final analysis because they did not properly complete the assessment battery&#46; Therefore&#44; the final sample comprised 355 participants&#46; The age of the subjects ranged from 18 and 65 years &#40;mean age<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>34&#46;88 and standard deviation<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>14&#46;43&#41;&#44; and there was a 40&#46;28&#37; of males &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>143&#44; mean age<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>35&#46;47&#44; standard deviation<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>14&#46;88&#41; and a 59&#46;72&#37; of females &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>212&#44; mean age<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>34&#46;67&#44; standard deviation<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>14&#46;13&#41;&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Procedure</span><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Data was collected by students from the Camilo Jos&#233; Cela University and the Complutense University of Madrid through the snowball sampling method&#46; These university students were instructed with the experimental protocol&#44; and each of them had to evaluate 3 males and 3 females after signing an informed consent&#46; The assessment protocol was completed in two 1&#46;30-hour sessions&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">Assessment Instruments</span><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">To carry out this research&#44; the following assessment instruments were used&#44; in order of application&#58;</p><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Dissociative Experiences Scale II</span> &#40;DES-II&#59; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0030">Carlson and Putnam&#44; 1993&#59; Icar&#225;n&#44; Colom&#44; &#38; Orengo-Garcia&#44; 1996</a>&#41;&#46; It is a self-reported scale of 28 items which includes the presence of a wide range of experiences and dissociative phenomena &#40;amnesia&#44; depersonalisation&#44; derealisation&#44; and absorption&#41;&#46; Test-retest reliability ranged from &#46;78 to &#46;93&#44; and the internal consistency was &#46;93&#46; In the sample analysed&#44; a Cronbach&#39;s alpha of &#46;91 was obtained&#46;</p><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Somatoform Dissociation Questionnaire</span> &#40;SDQ-20&#59; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0145">Nijenhuis et al&#46;&#44; 1996</a>&#41;&#46; This questionnaire consists of 20 items that evaluate somatoform dissociation symptoms&#44; as tunnel vision&#44; analgesia&#44; localized pain&#44; or pseudo-epileptic crisis&#46; For the present study a <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0195">Holm&#39;s &#40;2002&#41;</a> translated version was used&#46; SDQ&#39;s Spanish version has shown very good internal consistency&#44; with a Cronbach&#39;s alpha of &#46;866 and convergent validity with DES &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015">Bernstein &#38; Putnam&#44; 1986</a>&#41; of &#46;64 &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0070">Gonz&#225;lez-V&#225;zquez et al&#46;&#44; 2017</a>&#41;&#46; In the present study&#44; the instrument showed a Cronbach&#39;s alpha of &#46;84&#46;</p><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Inventory of Suggestibility</span> &#40;IS&#59; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0065">Gonzalez-Ordi &#38; Miguel-Tobal&#44; 1999</a>&#41;&#46; This inventory consists of 22 items and offers a general measure of suggestibility&#44; encompassing four subscales&#58; fantasize&#44; absorption&#44; emotional involvement&#44; and suggestibility &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0215">Salguero&#44; Ru&#237;z&#44; Fern&#225;ndez-Berrocal&#44; &#38; Gonz&#225;lez-Ordi&#44; 2008</a>&#41;&#46; The IS psychometric characteristics indicate a good test-retest reliability &#40;&#46;70&#41; and a good internal consistency&#44; with alpha<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;79 &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0065">Gonzalez-Ordi &#38; Miguel-Tobal&#44; 1999</a>&#41;&#46; In this study the IS showed a Cronbach&#39;s alpha of &#46;85&#46;</p><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Toronto Alexithymia Scale</span> &#40;TAS-20&#59; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0210">Parker&#44; Bagby&#44; Taylor&#44; Endler&#44; &#38; Schmitz&#44; 1993&#59; Martinez-Sanchez&#44; 1996</a>&#41;</p><p id="par0210" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">&#46; This scale provides a global score&#44; and also a specific score for the following factors&#58; confusion of the emotion with bodily sensations&#44; emotional language deficits&#44; and externally-oriented thinking&#46; Reliability indices in the Spanish adaptation show a good internal consistency&#44; with a Cronbach&#39;s alpha of &#46;78&#44; and a test-retest reliability of &#46;71&#44; with a reliability of &#46;85 in the sample used&#46;</p><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale</span> &#40;DERS&#59; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0075">Gratz &#38; Roemer&#44; 2004&#59; Hervas &#38; Jodar&#44; 2008</a>&#41;&#46; DERS consists of 28 items and assesses the difficulties in emotion regulation&#44; providing both a total score and scores on five scales&#58; &#40;1&#41; attention to emotions&#44; &#40;2&#41; confusion in identifying emotions&#44; &#40;3&#41; rejection of emotions&#44; &#40;4&#41; interference of emotion&#44; and &#40;5&#41; lack of control in the regulation of emotions and feeling of overflow of emotions&#46; In the present study&#44; this instrument showed a Cronbach&#39;s alpha of &#46;94&#46;</p><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Revised NEO Personality Inventory</span> &#40;NEO PI-R&#59; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0040">Costa &#38; McCrae&#44; 1992&#59; Cordero&#44; Pamos&#44; Seisdedos&#44; &#38; Costa&#44; 1999</a>&#41;&#46; The inventory assesses the factors of the Big Five personality model&#58; neuroticism &#40;anxiety&#44; angry hostility&#44; depression&#44; self-consciousness&#44; impulsiveness&#44; and vulnerability&#41;&#44; extraversion &#40;warmth&#44; gregariousness&#44; assertiveness&#44; activity&#44; excitement seeking&#44; and positive emotions&#41;&#44;openness to experience &#40;fantasy&#44; aesthetics&#44; feelings&#44; actions&#44; ideas&#44; and values&#41;&#44; agreeableness &#40;trust&#44; straightforwardness&#44; altruism&#44; compliance&#44; modesty&#44; and tender-mindedness&#41; and conscientiousness &#40;competence&#44; order&#44; dutifulness&#44; achievement striving&#44; self-discipline&#44; and deliberation&#41;&#46; General reliability indices show a good internal consistency&#44; ranging between &#46;90 and &#46;82 for the different factors&#46;</p><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Sleep</span>&#46; To assess problems and sleep-related experiences&#44; the following ad hoc questions were prepared for the participants&#58; &#40;1&#41; sleep problems in the past two weeks&#44; &#40;2&#41; daytime sleepiness in the last two weeks&#44; and &#40;3&#41; frequent presence of nightmares&#46; These three questions were stated in dichotomous terms &#40;Yes&#47;No&#41;&#46; In addition&#44; participants were also asked about&#58; &#40;1&#41; hours of sleep during the day &#40;participants should write down the average of the number of hours they sleep each day&#41; and &#40;2&#41; frequency of lucid dreams &#40;in this case&#44; the answer in a Likert scale format&#44; where 1 was <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">never</span> and 5 <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">almost always</span>&#41;&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Results</span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Differences in Psychoform Dissociation</span><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Participants were split into two subgroups according to the clinical endpoints in DES &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0180">van Ijzendoorn &#38; Schuengel&#44; 1996</a>&#41;&#58; low dissociators &#40;scores<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>6&#41; and high dissociators &#40;scores<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#62; 30&#41;&#46; The low dissociators group consisted of 117 participants and the high dissociators group consisted of 21 subjects&#44; representing a 5&#46;9&#37; of the total&#46;</p><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Results showed that high dissociators differ significantly from low dissociators in different variables &#40;see <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>&#41;&#46; High dissociators exhibited greater scores in somatoform dissociation &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">U</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>377&#46;0&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span> &#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;01&#41;&#44; IS &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">U</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>453&#46;0&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span> &#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;01&#41;&#44; fantasize &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">U</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>299&#46;0&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span> &#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;01&#41;&#44; absorption &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">U</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>519&#46;5&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span> &#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;01&#41;&#44; alexithymia levels &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">U</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>236&#46;5&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span> &#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;01&#41;&#44; except in externally-oriented thinking&#44; DERS and all its subscales &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">U</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>253&#44; 0&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span> &#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;01&#41;&#44; neuroticism &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">U</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>513&#46;5&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span> &#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;01&#41;&#44; facets of hostility &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">U</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>617&#46;0&#44; p &#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;01&#41;&#44; depression &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">U</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>618&#46;5&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span> &#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;01&#41;&#44; and search of sensations &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">U</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>597&#46;5&#44; p &#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;01&#41;&#44; showing a large effect size &#40;Cohen&#39;s <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">d</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#62; 0&#46;08&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">On the contrary&#44; high dissociators showed lower average scores in agreeableness &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">U</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>607&#46;5&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span> &#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;01&#41;&#44; conscientiousness &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">U</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>594&#46;0&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span> &#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;01&#41;&#44; trust &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">U</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>493&#46;0&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span> &#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;01&#41;&#44; altruism &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">U</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>671&#46;0&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span> &#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;01&#41;&#44; competence &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">U</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>619&#46;5&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span> &#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;01&#41;&#44; dutifulness &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">U</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>531&#46;0&#44; p &#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;01&#41;&#44; and deliberation &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">U</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>461&#46;5&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span> &#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;01&#41;&#44; with a large effect size &#40;Cohen&#39;s <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">d</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#62; 0&#46;08&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In the rest of the significant differences between both groups&#44; the effect size was low or moderate&#46;</p><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In relation to the presence of sleep problems&#44; differences were found between both dissociators groups&#44; where 22&#46;7&#37; of the low dissociators showed sleep problems and 65&#46;2&#37; of high dissociators indicated this kind of problem&#44; &#967;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>&#40;1&#41;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>14&#46;757&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span> &#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;001&#46; With regard to daytime sleepiness&#44; the 22&#46;7&#37; of low dissociators indicated daytime sleepiness&#44; while the percentage within the high dissociators was of 52&#46;2&#37;&#44; &#967;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>&#40;1&#41;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>6&#46;996&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;008&#46; Finally&#44; 5&#46;9&#37; of low dissociators presented frequent nightmares&#44; while the 21&#46;7&#37; of the high dissociators reported this complication during sleep&#44; &#967;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>&#40;1&#41;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>4&#46;313&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#61;</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;038&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0055">Differences in Somatoform Dissociation</span><p id="par0125" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Based on the level of somatoform dissociation measured by the SDQ-20&#44; two groups were formed&#46; To this end&#44; criteria for discriminative validity from the questionnaire in different clinical populations &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0145">Nijenhuis et al&#46;&#44; 1996&#59; Sar&#44; Kundakci&#44; Kiziltan&#44; Bakim&#44; &#38; Bozkurt&#44; 2000</a>&#41; were considered&#46; In this scale&#44; scores greater than 30 discriminate dissociative and somatoform disorders&#46; The group of low somatoform dissociation was defined with scores on the SDQ-20 equal to 20&#44; which was the minimum score on the scale&#44; and comprised 177 participants&#46; The group of high somatoform dissociation was composed for 16 participants&#44; representing the 4&#46;5&#37; of the whole sample&#46;</p><p id="par0130" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Results showed that participants with high scores on the SDQ-20 did significantly differ from participants with low scores in the following factors&#58; DES total score &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">U</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>301&#46;5&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span> &#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46; 01&#41;&#44; DES subscales&#44; IS &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">U</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>489&#46;5&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span> &#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;01&#41;&#44; s fantasize and suggestibility scales&#44; alexithymia total score &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">U</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>700&#46;0&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span> &#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;01&#41;&#44; confusion and emotional language subscales&#44; DERS &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">U</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>369&#46;5&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span> &#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;01&#41;&#44; and rejection&#44; interference&#44; and lack of control subscales&#46; In all these measurements the mean score was higher in the group of high somatoform dissociation with a large effect size &#40;see <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a>&#41;&#46; Regarding the personality&#44; the group with higher somatoform dissociation showed greater scores in neuroticism &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">U</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>654&#46;5&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span> &#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;01&#41; and impulsiveness &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">U</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>774&#46;0&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span> &#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;01&#41;&#44; with a Cohen&#39;s <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">d</span> greater than 0&#46;80&#46; Other significant differences between groups showed a medium effect size&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0135" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Regarding the presence of sleeping problems&#44; significant differences between both groups were found&#46; In the low group of somatoform dissociations&#44; 21&#46;0&#37; presented sleep problems&#44; while in the high group this percentage was 88&#46;2&#37;&#44; &#967;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>&#40;1&#41;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>32&#46;496&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span> &#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;001&#46; There were also differences in the daytime sleepiness&#44; in which 23&#46;8&#37; of the low somatizers indicated daytime sleepiness&#44; being this percentage 58&#46;8&#37;&#44; &#967;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>&#40;1&#41;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>8&#46;042&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;005&#44; in the high group&#46; Finally&#44; in relation to the presence of frequent nightmares&#44; differences were found between both groups &#967;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>&#40;1&#41;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>28&#46;338&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span> &#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;001&#44; being more frequent in the group of higher somatizers &#40;64&#46;7&#37;&#41; than in the lower somatizers one &#40;11&#46;7&#37;&#41;&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0060">Discussion and Conclusions</span><p id="par0140" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Looking at the profiles that have been obtained&#44; the group of high dissociators presents higher scores in somatoform dissociation&#59; in the same vein&#44; the high somatizers&#8217; group presents higher dissociation levels&#46; This agrees with the theoretical proposals that consider both types of symptoms as dissociative &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0145">Nijenhuis et al&#46;&#44; 1996</a>&#41;&#46; This is especially relevant in the clinical practice and in the understanding of underlying processes&#46;</p><p id="par0145" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">As for the prevalence in the sample of participants with high dissociation scores&#44; 5&#37; of the sample scores are beyond the clinical cut off point for the dissociative symptomatology&#44; being much higher than the prevalence found in other studies&#44; placing it at 1&#37; &#40;American Psychological Association&#44; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005">APA&#44; 2014</a>&#41;&#46; Although it is not possible to conclude that these participants have a dissociative pathology&#44; this data highlights the relevance of this type of symptomatology&#46;</p><p id="par0150" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In the psychoform dissociation&#44; the profile found indicated higher levels of difficulty in emotional regulation&#44; which was associated with rejection&#44; lack of control&#44; and emotional interference &#40;but not with their neglect&#41;&#46; This may indicate a fundamental objective in treatment&#44; since dissociation appears to be an ineffective long-term emotional regulation strategy &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0155">Powers et al&#46;&#44; 2015</a>&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0155" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Regarding suggestibility&#44; the profile of psychoform dissociation showed higher levels of suggestibility&#44; absorption&#44; and fantasize&#44; but not impressionability&#46; These results are in line with previous studies &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0110">Marcusson-Clavertz et al&#46;&#44; 2012</a>&#41; supporting the hypothesis that absorption and fantasize may play a mediator role between dissociation and suggestibility &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0045">Dienes et al&#46;&#44; 2009</a>&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0160" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Additionally&#44; the profile indicates higher levels in alexithymia&#44; especially in the confusion with bodily sensations and emotional language&#44; but not in externally-oriented thinking&#46; These findings corroborate the differentiation between alexithymia and dissociative processes &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0165">Tolmunen et al&#46;&#44; 2010</a>&#41;&#44; which mainly diverge in propensity to fantasy&#46;</p><p id="par0165" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In personality&#44; the psychoform dissociation presented a more neurotic profile&#44; angry hostility&#44; and depression&#44; in line with previous literature&#44; being more evident &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0080">Groth-Marnat &#38; Jeffs&#44; 2002&#59; Marshall&#44; Spitzer&#44; &#38; Liebowitz&#44; 2000</a>&#59; Meyers et al&#46;&#44; 2013&#41;&#46; As for the other factors&#44; the profile found indicated a higher level of excitement seeking &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0160">Ruiz&#44; Pincus&#44; &#38; Ray&#44; 1999</a>&#41; and fantasy &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0120">Merckelbach&#44; Horselenberg&#44; &#38; Schmidt&#44; 2002</a>&#41;&#44; but lower levels of warmth&#44; gregariousness&#44; agreeableness &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0050">Evren et al&#46;&#44; 2013&#59; Meyers et al&#46;&#44; 2013</a>&#41; and conscientiousness &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0080">Groth-Marnat &#38; Jeffs&#44; 2002&#59; Kwapil et al&#46;&#44; 2002</a>&#41;&#46; This profile indicates a more vulnerable style of emotions and their regulation to achieve one&#39;s goals&#44; lower level of rationality and planner&#44; a grater search of emotions and fancifulness&#44; with the perception of the world as a hostile place and with a more isolated and hard style&#46; With regard to sleeping&#44; results pointed out that psychoform dissociation is associated with sleep disturbances &#40;conciliation&#44; daytime sleepiness&#41; and with greater presence of nightmares and lucid dreams&#44; which is corroborated by previous studies &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0100">Knox &#38; Jay Lynn&#44; 2014&#59; van der Kloet&#44; Giesbrecht&#44; &#38; Merckelbach&#44; 2015&#59; van der Kloet&#44; Merckelbach&#44; Giesbrecht&#44; &#38; Broers&#44; 2014</a>&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0170" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The somatoform dissociation profile found showed higher difficulties in emotional regulation&#44; and more specifically in rejection&#44; lack of control&#44; and interference&#44; as described in the psychoform disassociation profile&#46;</p><p id="par0175" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In suggestibility&#44; the profile indicated a higher suggestibility&#44; particularly in fantasize and suggestibility&#44; not showing higher absorption levels&#46; These profile differences between the two types of dissociation reveal a differentiation in the underlying processes&#44; and therefore&#44; it should be an objective for future research&#46;</p><p id="par0180" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In alexithymia&#44; the profile showed greater somatization scores in emotional language&#44; but especially in confusion with bodily sensations&#44; which is in line with previous findings &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0020">Brown&#44; Danquarh&#44; Miles&#44; Holmes&#44; &#38; Poliakoff&#44; 2010</a>&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0185" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Those somatizers with a high profile in personality showed higher scores in neuroticism&#44; anxiety&#44; impulsiveness and&#44; to a lesser extent&#44; angry hostility&#44; depression&#44; self-consciousness&#44; and vulnerability&#46; According to the rest of factors analyzed&#44; they presented higher scores in excitement seeking and fantasy&#44; and lower scores in trust&#44; conscientiousness&#44; self-discipline&#44; and deliberation&#44; with moderate differences in all them&#46; The profile described in somatization was similar to that obtained in dissociation&#44; but differences between low and high scores in somatoform dissociation are less evident in the different facets explored&#46; These data suggest that this type of dissociation is related to more anxious profiles&#44; which is consistent with those studies that related somatoform disorders with anxiety processes&#44; the arousal&#44; the hypervigilance to bodily sensations&#44; and more avoidant profiles &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0010">Baslet&#44; 2011&#59; Brown et al&#46;&#44; 2010&#59; Novakova&#44; Howlett&#44; Baker&#44; &#38; Reuber&#44; 2015</a>&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0190" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In terms of sleep&#44; the profile found in somatization is the same as in the psychoform dissociation&#44; highlighting the importance of these processes and symptoms in both types of dissociation&#46;</p><p id="par0195" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">It is important to highlight that the present study presents some limitations related to the data obtained from somatoform dissociation&#44; since the questionnaire used had not been adapted to the Spanish population yet&#46;</p><p id="par0200" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">For future research&#44; it should be important to evaluate the history of trauma and the sleep problems in both types of dissociation in a more comprehensively way&#44; because they are closely related variables&#46; Additionally&#44; this study should be extended to clinical populations&#44; in order to observe a possible vulnerability profile of dissociation&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0065">Conflict of Interest</span><p id="par0205" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors of this article declare no conflict of interest&#46;</p></span></span>"
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              "titulo" => "Differences in Psychoform Dissociation"
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              "titulo" => "Differences in Somatoform Dissociation"
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    "fechaRecibido" => "2017-09-20"
    "fechaAceptado" => "2017-09-29"
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        0 => array:4 [
          "clase" => "keyword"
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            0 => "Somatoform dissociation"
            1 => "Psychoform dissociation"
            2 => "Dissociative profile"
            3 => "Personality"
            4 => "Alexithymia"
            5 => "Emotional"
            6 => "Regulation"
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          "palabras" => array:7 [
            0 => "Disociaci&#243;n somatoforme"
            1 => "Disociaci&#243;n psicoforme"
            2 => "Perfil disociativo"
            3 => "Personalidad"
            4 => "Alexitimia"
            5 => "Regulaci&#243;n emocional"
            6 => "Sugestionabilidad"
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        "titulo" => "Abstract"
        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Dissociation is defined as the separation of those processes that should be accessible&#44; considering that both somatoform and conversion symptoms may be understood as dissociative&#46; In recent decades&#44; psychological variables have been related to dissociation&#44; such as suggestibility&#44; fantasy&#44; alexithymia&#44; abnormal emotional processes&#44; and also a particular personality profile&#46; The aim of this paper is to study the profile associated with psychoform and somatoform dissociation&#46; The sample consisted of 355 participants&#46; University students employed the snowball sampling&#46; The following instruments were used&#58; the Dissociative Experiences Scale-II &#40;DES-II&#41;&#44; the Questionnaire Somatoform Dissociation &#40;SDQ-20&#41;&#44; the Inventory Suggestibility &#40;IS&#41;&#44; the Alexithymia Scale Toronto &#40;TAS-20&#41;&#44; the Scale Difficulties in Emotion Regulation &#40;DERS&#41;&#44; the revised NEO Personality Inventory &#40;NEO-PI&#41;&#44; and some ad hoc questions to evaluate sleep-related experiences&#46; The results indicated that high dissociators showed higher scores on suggestibility&#44; alexithymia&#44; sleep- related experiences&#44; neuroticism&#44; openness to experience&#44; and lower conscientiousness than low dissociators&#44; the results being similar to those obtained by high somatizers&#46; As a conclusion&#44; the profile found in both types of dissociation indicated their existing relationship&#44; and pointed out possible lines of future research and treatment&#46;</p></span>"
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        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">La disociaci&#243;n se define como la separaci&#243;n de procesos que deber&#237;an ser accesibles&#44; consider&#225;ndose que los s&#237;ntomas somatomorfos y conversivos pueden entenderse como disociativos&#46; En las &#250;ltimas d&#233;cadas se han encontrado variables psicol&#243;gicas relacionadas con la disociaci&#243;n&#44; como la sugestionabilidad&#44; la fantas&#237;a&#44; alexitimia&#44; alteraciones en los procesos emocionales y un perfil concreto de personalidad&#46; El objetivo de este trabajo es estudiar el perfil asociado a la disociaci&#243;n psicoforme y somaforme&#46; La muestra estuvo compuesta por 355 participantes&#46; El muestreo consisti&#243; en la bola de nieve por parte de estudiantes universitarios&#46; Para su realizaci&#243;n se utiliz&#243; la Escala de Experiencias Disociativas-II &#40;DES-II&#41;&#44; el Cuestionario de Disociaci&#243;n Somatoforme &#40;SDQ-20&#41;&#44; el Inventario de Sugestionabilidad &#40;IS&#41;&#44; la Escala de Alexitimia de Toronto &#40;TAS-20&#41;&#44; la Escala de Dificultades en la Regulaci&#243;n Emocional &#40;DERS&#41;&#44; el Inventario de Personalidad NEO revisado &#40;NEO-PI&#41; y preguntas elaboradas <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">ad hoc</span> para evaluar experiencias relacionadas con el sue&#241;o&#46; Los sujetos con elevada disociaci&#243;n mostraron mayores puntuaciones en sugestionabilidad&#44; alexitimia&#44; experiencias de sue&#241;o&#44; neuroticismo y apertura y menores en responsabilidad&#44; de forma muy similar al grupo de sujetos de elevada somatizaci&#243;n&#46; Puede concluirse que el perfil hallado en ambos tipos de disociaci&#243;n refleja la relaci&#243;n existente entre ambas y se&#241;ala posibles l&#237;neas de investigaci&#243;n y tratamiento futuros&#46;</p></span>"
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          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Note</span>&#46; Only significant differences between groups are shown&#46;</p>"
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                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">IS</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#40;12&#46;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Fantasize&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#40;3&#46;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">10&#46;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#40;3&#46;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">299&#46;0<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;&#42;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#40;2&#46;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">11&#46;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">9&#46;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#40;12&#46;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">67&#46;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">236&#46;5<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;&#42;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#46;81&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Confusion of emotion with bodily sensations&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">12&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">23&#46;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2&#46;03&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Emotional language&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#40;5&#46;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">20&#46;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#40;4&#46;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">384&#46;0<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;&#42;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#46;51&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Externally-oriented thinking&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">20&#46;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#40;5&#46;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">23&#46;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#40;6&#46;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">909&#46;0<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;55&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="7" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">DERS</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">47&#46;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#40;13&#46;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">80&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#40;20&#46;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">253&#46;0<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;&#42;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2&#46;26&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Desatention&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">8&#46;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#40;3&#46;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">11&#46;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#40;3&#46;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">752&#46;5<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;&#42;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;85&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Confusion&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">6&#46;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#40;2&#46;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">10&#46;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#40;3&#46;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">372&#46;5<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;&#42;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#46;53&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Rejection&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">11&#46;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#40;4&#46;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">20&#46;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#40;7&#46;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">399&#46;5<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;&#42;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#46;51&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Interference&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">8&#46;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#40;3&#46;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">13&#46;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#40;4&#46;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">485&#46;0<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;&#42;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#46;33&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Decontrol&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">12&#46;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#40;4&#46;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">25&#44;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#40;9&#46;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">345&#46;0<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;&#42;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#46;64&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="7" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Neuroticism</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">56&#46;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#40;9&#46;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">67&#46;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#40;11&#46;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">513&#46;5<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;&#42;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#46;06&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Anxiety&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">54&#46;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#40;8&#46;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">60&#44;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#40;8&#46;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">774&#46;0<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;&#42;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;72&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Angry hostility&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">56&#46;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#40;12&#46;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">68&#46;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#40;12&#46;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">617&#46;0<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;&#42;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;94&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Depression&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">53&#46;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#40;10&#46;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">64&#46;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#40;13&#46;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">618&#46;5<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;&#42;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;85&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Impulsiveness&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">54&#46;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#40;9&#46;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">62&#46;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#40;11&#46;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">758&#46;5<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;&#42;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;78&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Vulnerability&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">58&#46;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#40;12&#46;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">67&#46;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#40;15&#46;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">808&#46;0<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;70&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="7" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="7" align="char" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Extraversion</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Warmth&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">43&#46;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#40;12&#46;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">36&#46;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#40;12&#46;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">808&#46;0<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;59&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Gregariousness&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">45&#46;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#40;9&#46;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">37&#46;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#40;9&#46;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">712&#46;0<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;&#42;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;72&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Excitement seeking&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">48&#46;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#40;11&#46;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">59&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#40;11&#46;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">597&#46;5<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;&#42;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;98&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="7" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="7" align="char" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Openness to experience</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Fantasy&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">47&#46;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#40;8&#46;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">54&#46;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#40;11&#46;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">794&#46;0<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;67&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="7" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Agreeableness</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">44&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#40;10&#46;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">32&#46;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#40;13&#46;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">607&#46;5<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;&#42;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;96&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Trust&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">44&#46;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#40;10&#46;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">32&#46;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#40;12&#46;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">493&#46;0<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;&#42;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#46;10&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Straightforwardness&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">48&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#40;9&#46;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">40&#46;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#40;15&#46;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">836&#46;0<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;63&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Altruism&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#40;12&#46;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">37&#46;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#40;10&#46;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">671&#46;0<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;&#42;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;83&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Compliance&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#40;10&#46;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">35&#46;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#40;14&#46;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">833&#46;5<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;64&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Modesty&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">49&#46;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#40;10&#46;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">43&#46;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#40;10&#46;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">888&#46;5<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;56&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="7" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Conscientiousness</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#40;11&#46;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">29&#46;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#40;11&#46;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">594&#46;0<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;&#42;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#46;00&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Competence&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#40;10&#46;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">32&#46;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#40;11&#46;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">619&#46;5<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;&#42;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;96&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Dutifulness&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">45&#46;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#40;10&#46;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">31&#46;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#40;13&#46;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">531&#46;0<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;&#42;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#46;16&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Self-discipline&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#40;12&#46;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">32&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#40;15&#46;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">812&#46;0<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;54&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Deliberation&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#40;9&#46;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">32&#46;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#40;8&#46;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">461&#46;5<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;&#42;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#46;31&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#40;1&#46;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#40;1&#46;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;45&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#40;7&#46;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">27&#46;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#40;13&#46;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">301&#46;5<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;&#42;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#46;15&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Absorption&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">13&#46;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#40;11&#46;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">40&#46;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#40;14&#46;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">274&#46;5<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;&#42;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2&#46;00&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Amnesia&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">5&#46;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#40;6&#46;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">17&#46;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#40;12&#46;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">444&#46;0<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;&#42;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#46;24&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Depersonalization&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">3&#46;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#40;6&#46;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">17&#46;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#40;16&#46;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">560&#46;5<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;&#42;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#46;09&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="7" align="char" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">IS</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">34&#46;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#40;12&#46;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">50&#46;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#40;9&#46;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">489&#46;5<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;&#42;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#46;41&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Fantasize&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">5&#46;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#40;3&#46;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">10&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#40;2&#46;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">443&#46;0<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;&#42;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#46;55&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Emotional implication&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">7&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#40;4&#46;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">10&#46;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#40;4&#46;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">960&#46;0<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;70&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Impressionability&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">7&#46;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#40;3&#46;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">11&#46;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#40;3&#46;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">721&#46;5<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;&#42;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;97&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="7" align="char" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">TAS-20</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">48&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#40;13&#46;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">64&#46;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#40;15&#46;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">700&#46;0<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;&#42;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#46;04&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Confusion of sensations&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">13&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#40;6&#46;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">23&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#40;7&#46;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">506&#46;5<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;&#42;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#46;40&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Emotional language&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">14&#46;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#40;6&#46;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">19&#46;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#40;5&#46;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">873&#46;0<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;&#42;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;84&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="7" align="char" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">DERS</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">52&#46;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#40;18&#46;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">80&#46;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#40;16&#46;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">369&#46;5<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;&#42;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#46;58&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Desatention&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">9&#46;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#40;3&#46;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">9&#46;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#40;3&#46;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1209&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Confusion&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">7&#46;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#40;3&#46;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">9&#46;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#40;4&#46;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">848&#46;0<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;&#42;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;76&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Rejection&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">12&#46;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#40;5&#46;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">22&#46;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#40;5&#46;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">342&#46;0<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;&#42;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#46;71&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Interference&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">9&#46;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#40;4&#46;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">13&#46;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#40;4&#46;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">583&#46;0<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;&#42;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#46;14&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Decontrol&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">14&#46;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#40;7&#46;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">24&#46;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#40;8&#46;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">486&#46;0<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;&#42;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#46;28&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="7" align="char" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Neuroticism</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">58&#46;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#40;10&#46;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">68&#46;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#40;10&#46;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">654&#46;5<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;&#42;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#46;04&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Anxiety&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">54&#46;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#40;9&#46;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">62&#46;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#40;10&#46;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">773&#46;5<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;&#42;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;79&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Angry hostility&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">58&#46;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#40;12&#46;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">67&#46;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#40;10&#46;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">875&#46;0<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;70&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Depression&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">56&#46;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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Article information

ISSN: 11305274
Original language: English

DOI:10.1016/j.clysa.2017.09.003

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Year/Month	Html	Pdf	Total

2024 October	34	3	37
2024 September	85	7	92
2024 August	66	7	73
2024 July	61	7	68
2024 June	47	5	52
2024 May	74	4	78
2024 April	78	8	86
2024 March	56	6	62
2024 February	120	6	126
2024 January	97	14	111
2023 December	76	6	82
2023 November	77	21	98
2023 October	95	14	109
2023 September	73	4	77
2023 August	40	5	45
2023 July	37	6	43
2023 June	47	5	52
2023 May	77	7	84
2023 April	71	4	75
2023 March	57	16	73
2023 February	33	11	44
2023 January	35	12	47
2022 December	49	12	61
2022 November	28	10	38
2022 October	18	20	38
2022 September	21	14	35
2022 August	18	8	26
2022 July	12	14	26
2022 June	30	13	43
2022 May	31	7	38
2022 April	35	11	46
2022 March	30	9	39
2022 February	27	10	37
2022 January	42	11	53
2021 December	45	12	57
2021 November	49	7	56
2021 October	30	18	48
2021 September	21	11	32
2021 August	15	7	22
2021 July	16	8	24
2021 June	23	10	33
2021 May	17	8	25
2021 April	41	10	51
2021 March	98	8	106
2021 February	20	15	35
2021 January	19	18	37
2020 December	34	8	42
2020 November	21	4	25
2020 October	16	4	20
2020 September	17	14	31
2020 August	16	10	26
2020 July	11	10	21
2020 June	13	16	29
2020 May	21	13	34
2020 April	41	11	52
2020 March	33	23	56
2020 February	22	14	36
2020 January	26	6	32
2019 December	17	16	33
2019 November	14	4	18
2019 October	23	10	33
2019 September	19	18	37
2019 August	9	7	16
2019 July	13	7	20
2019 June	24	14	38
2019 May	238	67	305
2019 April	366	68	434
2019 March	433	87	520
2019 February	398	77	475
2019 January	334	81	415
2018 December	387	62	449
2018 November	380	31	411
2018 October	312	29	341
2018 September	74	32	106
2018 August	60	23	83
2018 July	112	43	155
2018 June	82	32	114
2018 May	68	33	101
2018 April	201	44	245
2018 March	145	44	189
2018 February	112	27	139
2018 January	88	46	134
2017 December	225	128	353
2017 November	71	39	110
2017 October	0	4	4

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