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Resumen
Este trabajo analiza empíricamente la contribución de las TIC al crecimiento de la productividad desde 1980 hasta la actualidad para un conjunto de países de la OCDE. La fuente estadística escogida son las series recientemente publicadas en la base EUKLEMS, debido a su amplia desagregación sectorial, lo que favorece el análisis aplicado del sector servicios y sus principales ramas de actividad.
Tras una revisión bibliográfica de las relaciones existentes entre crecimiento, productividad y capital tecnológico; se cuantifica el comportamiento de la productividad analizando con especial atención el papel desempeñado por las TIC y su contribución al crecimiento económico. Finalmente, se realiza un análisis econométrico de las relaciones anteriormente descritas. El principal valor añadido de este trabajo con respecto a la amplia literatura existente es que estas técnicas se aplican al caso del sector servicios, comparándolo con las manufacturas, y, especialmente, desagregando las diferencias intrasectoriales que caracterizan un sector tan heterogéneo como el terciario.
El conjunto de evidencias tiende a refutar la tesis tradicional sobre la baja contribución de los servicios al crecimiento agregado de la productividad. El sector en conjunto presenta crecimientos de la productividad modestos, en relación con otros sectores económicos. Pero este resultado se matiza o limita cuando el análisis se hace de forma desagregada.
Palabras clave:
TIC
Productividad
Contabilidad del crecimiento
Sector servicios
Abstract
This paper empirically analyzes the contribution of ICT to productivity growth since 1980 onwards of a sample of OECD countries. The series have been obtained from the EU KLEMS database, with a deep industrial disaggregation which it is an advantage to analyze the service sector and its main activity branches.
After a survey of the literature on the relationships among economic growth, productivity and technological capital, using a growth accounting framework, they are assessed the productivity patterns, focusing on the role of ICT capital and its contribution to economic growth. Finally, an econometric model is implemented to test those relationships. The value added of this paper is that this methodology is applied to the service sector, comparing to the patters observed in manufacturing industries, and, principally, disaggregating the intra-industrial differences which characterize the tertiary sector.
Results partially refute the traditional hypothesis of a low productivity in services. The sector as a whole present lower productivity growth rates than other main economic sectors, such as manufacturing. However, when disaggregating our analysis some tertiary industries show dynamic behaviours.
Keywords:
ICT
Productivity
Growth accounting
Service sector
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