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Resumen
El aumento en el número de empresas dirigidas por mujeres y la contribución de éstas a la economía ha generado que muchas investigaciones incorporen una “perspectiva de género” en el estudio de la actividad empresarial. La mayoría de éstas evidencia una desventaja en el caso de las empresas dirigidas por mujeres en la movilización de recursos y en el resultado empresarial, si bien no existe consenso acerca del efecto de género en estos aspectos. Por ello, en este estudio se investigan las posibles diferencias, teniendo en cuenta no solo las variables estructurales sino una concepción amplia de la dotación de recursos y de los distintos efectos del género. Los resultados muestran que el sexo del empresariado no es una variable explicativa del resultado empresarial cuando se incluyen otras variables en el modelo; aunque se observa la existencia de un efecto moderador en el resultado empresarial. Por lo tanto, se puede afirmar que el efecto del género en la actividad empresarial es más complejo de lo que se ha reflejado en estudios previos.
Palabras clave:
género
recursos
resultado
efecto moderador
Abstract
The increase in the number of firms owned by women and their contribution to the economy has generated many studies which include a “gender perspective” in order to study entrepreneurship. The majority of them evidence that female-owned firms are at a disadvantage with respect to resource mobilization and performance, although there is no consensus on the effect of gender on these aspects. Therefore, in this study those potential differences are investigated, taking into account not only structural variables, but a broad conception of resource endowment and different effects of gender. Results show that a businessowners’ gender is anymore an explanatory variable of performance once other variables are included in the model, but the existence of a moderating effect on performance is observed. Hence, it can be affirmed that the effect of gender on entrepreneurship is far more complex than stated in previous studies.
Key words:
gender
resources
performance
moderating effect
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Los autores agradecen los comentarios realizados por Candida Brush, Sara Carter y Matías Gámez, así como por los evaluadores de la revista. La realización del trabajo se ha beneficiado de la financiación procedente del Proyecto del Instituto de la Mujer 19/06.
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