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Inicio Endocrinología, Diabetes y Nutrición Deciphering deleterious missense variants in the MC4R gene in the pathogenesis o...
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Vol. 72. Issue 4.
(April 2025)
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Vol. 72. Issue 4.
(April 2025)
Review article
Deciphering deleterious missense variants in the MC4R gene in the pathogenesis of obesity
Descifrando las variantes sin sentido deletéreas del gen del receptor de melanocortina 4 en la patogenia de la obesidad
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Meriem El Fessikha, Hanaa Skhouna, Zohra Ouzzifb, Jamila El Baghdadia,b,
Corresponding author
baghdadijamila@yahoo.fr

Corresponding author.
a Genetics Unit, Military Hospital Mohammed V, Rabat, Morocco
b Laboratories Pole, Military Hospital Mohammed V, Rabat, Morocco
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Table 1. Functional and pathogenic effects of MC4R gene mutations predicted by different bioinformatics tools.
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Table 2. Prediction of change in protein stability using MUpro, I-Mutant2.0, and iStable.
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Table 3. The effect of the studied mutations on the structural features of the protein determined by the HOPE server.
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Abstract

The MC4R gene plays a critical role in regulating food intake, making it an important model for studying genetic mutations that impact the protein function. This study aimed to identify the most deleterious functional and structural variants in individuals with obesity by analyzing SNPs from the NCBI dbSNP database and selecting pathogenic variants from ClinVar. Bioinformatics tools were employed to predict deleterious SNPs, and conservation analysis was performed using ConSurf. Stability predictions were made with MUpro, I-Mutant2.0, and iStable. The 3D structure of the MC4R protein was examined using YASARA view. A total of 20 out of 348 missense mutations were associated with obesity. Fifteen of these variants were predicted to be the most deleterious. Eight variants located in conserved regions were found to significantly reduce protein stability and cause structural changes (S58C, E61K, N62S, I69R, D90N, R165Q, P299H, and I316S), indicating their potential as obesity biomarkers and therapeutic targets.

Keywords:
Human genetics
In silico analysis
MC4R gene
Mutation
Obesity
Resumen

El gen MC4R desempeña un papel crítico en la regulación de la ingesta de alimentos, por lo que es un modelo importante para estudiar las mutaciones genéticas que afectan a la función de la proteína. Este estudio tenía como objetivo identificar las variantes funcionales y estructurales más deletéreas en individuos con obesidad mediante el análisis de polimorfismos de la base de datos NCBI dbSNP y la selección de variantes patogénicas de ClinVar. Se emplearon herramientas bioinformáticas para predecir SNPs deletéreos, y el análisis de conservación se realizó con ConSurf. Las predicciones de estabilidad se realizaron con MUpro, I-Mutant2.0 e iStable. La estructura 3D de la proteína MC4R se examinó con YASARA view. Un total de 20 de las 348 mutaciones sin sentido se asociaron con la obesidad. Se predijo que 15 de estas variantes eran las más deletéreas. Se observó que ocho variantes localizadas en regiones conservadas reducían significativamente la estabilidad de la proteína y provocaban cambios estructurales (S58C, E61K, N62S, I69R, D90N, R165Q, P299H e I316S), lo que indica su potencial como biomarcadores de obesidad y dianas terapéuticas.

Palabras clave:
Genética humana
Análisis in silico
Gen MC4R
Mutación
Obesidad

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