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Endocrinología, Diabetes y Nutrición (English ed.)
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Inicio Endocrinología, Diabetes y Nutrición (English ed.) Association between the economic situation and diabetes mellitus, metabolic cont...
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Vol. 71. Issue 10.
Pages 427-435 (December 2024)
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Vol. 71. Issue 10.
Pages 427-435 (December 2024)
Original article
Association between the economic situation and diabetes mellitus, metabolic control and the use of health services in a Spanish region
Asociación entre la situación económica y la diabetes mellitus, el control metabólico y la utilización de los servicios sanitarios en una región española
Roberto Sánchez Medinaa, Alejandro de Arriba Fernándezb,
Corresponding author
alejandrodearribafdez@gmail.com

Corresponding author.
, Ángela Gutiérrez Pérezc, José Luis Alonso Bilbaod
a Resident Internal Physician of Preventive Medicine and Public Health of the 4th Year of the Maternal-Child University Hospital Complex (CHUIMI), Spain
b Preventive Medicine and Public Health at the General Hospital of Fuerteventura, Spain
c Family and Community Medicine Specialist of the Primary Care Management of Gran Canaria (GAPGC), Spain
d Preventive Medicine and Public Health in the Technical Area of Primary Care Management, President of the Canarian Society of Public Health, Spain
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Statistics
Figures (2)
Tables (3)
Table 1. Distribution of the sample according to income level.
Table 2. Mean number of visits to the doctor and the nurse in different income levels.
Table 3. Mean values of care process-indicators and intermediate metabolic control results of DM patients classified by income level.
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Abstract
Introduction

The prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) has increased in low- and middle-income countries and in marginal areas of developed countries. In Spain, it grew by 3.42% from 1993 to 2020. In the Canary Islands, the increase was even greater.

Objectives

The main one was to evaluate the possible relationship of the income level with DM, different markers of metabolic control and the use of Primary Care services, in Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (LPGC). Secondary ones are to determine the prevalence of DM in the city of LPGC, to describe the sociodemographic characteristics, the use of Primary Care services of the population with DM, the level of registry of variables related to metabolic control and the main process indicators and intermediate results of the metabolic control in the population with DM in the city of LPGC.

Material and method

All patients with DM over 14 years of age, living in LPGC as of 12/31/22 were included. Data were collected from the electronic medical records of the Canarian Primary Care Service, the National Institute of Statistics and the National Tax Agency.

Results and conclusion

The overall prevalence of DM was 11.39%. The mean age of participants was 67.06 years (SD=13.86), lower in men than in women. The groups with low or moderate income accounted for more than 40% of the prevalence each, while those with high income barely accounted for 10%. Higher income levels corresponded to lower use of health resources and registration of metabolic variables, while decreasing income levels were associated to higher prevalence of overweight/obesity, worse lipid and glycemic profiles and higher risk of diabetic foot. The middle-income group showed the highest prevalence of pathological/uncertain diabetic retinopathy, lower glomerular filtration and higher LDL levels.

Keywords:
Diabetes mellitus
HbA1c
Income level
Social determinants
Inequity
Resumen
Introducción

La prevalencia de diabetes mellitus (DM) ha aumentado en países de ingresos bajos y medios y en zonas marginales de países desarrollados. En España creció un 3,42% de 1993 a 2020. En Canarias el aumento fue aún mayor.

Objetivos

El principal es evaluar la posible relación del nivel de ingresos con la DM, diferentes marcadores de control metabólico y el uso de los servicios de Atención Primaria, en Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (LPGC). Los secundarios son determinar la prevalencia de DM en la ciudad de LPGC, describir las características sociodemográficas, la utilización de los servicios de Atención Primaria de la población con DM, el nivel de registro de variables relacionadas con el control metabólico y los principales indicadores de proceso y resultados intermedios del control metabólico en la población con DM de dicha ciudad.

Material y métodos

Se incluyeron todos los pacientes con DM mayores de 14 años, residentes en LPGC el 31/12/22. Los datos se recogieron de la historia clínica electrónica del Servicio Canario de Atención Primaria, del Instituto Nacional de Estadística y de la Agencia Tributaria Nacional.

Resultados y conclusión

La prevalencia global de DM fue del 11,39%. La edad media de los participantes fue 67,06 años (DE=13,86), menor en hombres que en mujeres. Los grupos de ingresos bajos o moderados representaron más del 40% de la prevalencia cada uno, mientras que los de ingresos altos apenas representaron el 10%. Los mayores niveles de ingresos correspondieron a un menor uso de recursos sanitarios y de registro de variables metabólicas, mientras que los menores niveles de ingresos se asociaron con una mayor prevalencia de sobrepeso u obesidad, peores perfiles lipídicos y glucémicos y mayor riesgo de pie diabético. El grupo de ingresos medios mostró la mayor prevalencia de retinopatía diabética patológica o incierta, menor filtración glomerular y niveles más altos de LDL.

Palabras clave:
Diabetes mellitus
HbA1c
Nivel de ingresos
Determinantes sociales
Falta de equidad

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