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Journal Information
Vol. 71. Issue 7.
Pages 308-316 (August - September 2024)
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Vol. 71. Issue 7.
Pages 308-316 (August - September 2024)
Review Article
Effect of oral supplementation with whey protein on muscle mass in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials
Efecto de la suplementación oral con proteína de suero sobre la masa muscular en adultos con diabetes mellitus tipo 2: una revisión sistemática de ensayos controlados aleatorizados
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David López-Dazaa,b,
Corresponding author
david.lopez@nutricioncelan.com

Autor para correspondencia.
, Natalia López-Ucrósc, Cristina Posada-Álvareza, Patricia Savino-Lloredaa
a Centro Latinoamericano de Nutrición (CELAN), Cundinamarca, Chía, Colombia
b Universidad de la Sabana, Chía, Cundinamarca, Colombia
c Caja de Compensación Familiar de Antioquia (COMFAMA), Medellín, Antioquia, Colombia
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Table 1. Baseline characteristics.
Table 2. Characteristics of the interventions and outcomes.
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Abstract
Objective

To investigate the overall effect of whey protein supplementation on skeletal muscle mass in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Methods

Systematic review of reports on corporal muscle mass from clinical trials that assessed the use of whey protein supplementation by means of validated techniques in patients with T2DM. PubMed, SCOPUS, Web of Science, LILACS, and SciELO databases were searched up to April 2022. Risk of bias was assessed by the Cochrane Collaboration Risk of Bias tool. We conducted a qualitative synthesis of information.

Results

Four studies (424 participants) that met the selection criteria were identified out of 1,787 records. Of these, 3 studies assessed the total muscle mass using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), and 1 reported changes to the transverse diameter of the vastus lateralis muscle with ultrasound imaging. In the intervention groups, DXA assessments demonstrated an increase in total muscle mass in 3 studies and in the appendicular muscle mass in 2. Changes to the proportion of muscle mass were not seen in the DXA studies and only a discrete difference was seen in the comparative groups studied by ultrasound imaging.

Conclusion

Following the administration of whey protein supplementation in patients with T2DM, a partially positive effect was seen in skeletal muscle mass gain with a moderate certainty of evidence.

Keywords:
Type 2 diabetes mellitus
Whey protein
Skeletal muscle
Abbreviations:
T2DM
DXA
IDF
PICO
CAT
BIA
95% CI
Resumen
Objetivo

Investigar el efecto general de la suplementación con proteína de suero sobre la masa del músculo esquelético en adultos con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2).

Métodos

Revisión sistemática de informes relacionados con la masa muscular corporal de ensayos clínicos que evaluaron el uso de suplementación con proteína de suero mediante técnicas validadas en pacientes con DM2. Se realizaron búsquedas en las bases de datos PubMed, SCOPUS, Web of Science, LILACS y SciELO hasta abril de 2022. El riesgo de sesgo se evaluó mediante la herramienta Cochrane Collaboration Risk of Bias. Se realizó una síntesis cualitativa de la información.

Resultados

Se identificaron cuatro estudios (424 participantes) que cumplieron con los criterios de selección a partir de 1.787 registros. De estos, tres estudios evaluaron la masa muscular total mediante absorciometría de rayos X de energía dual (DXA) y uno informó cambios en el diámetro transversal del músculo vasto lateral con imágenes de ultrasonido. En los grupos de intervención, la evaluación mediante DXA demostró aumento de la masa muscular total en tres estudios y de la masa muscular apendicular en dos. No se observaron cambios en la proporción de masa muscular en los estudios de DXA y sólo se observó una discreta diferencia en los grupos comparativos estudiados mediante ecografía.

Conclusión

Tras la administración de suplementos de proteína de suero en pacientes con DM2, se observó un efecto parcialmente positivo en la ganancia de masa del músculo esquelético con una certeza de evidencia moderada.

Palabras clave:
Diabetes mellitus tipo 2
Proteína de suero de leche
Músculo esquelético

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