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Original article
Prevalence of overweight and obesity in child population. A study of a cohort in Castile and Leon, Spain
Prevalencia de sobrepeso y obesidad infantil. Estudio de una cohorte en Castilla y León, España
José L. Yáñez-Ortegaa,
Corresponding author
, Esther Arrieta-Cerdánb, José E. Lozano-Alonsob, Milagros Gil Costab, Ana M. Gutiérrez-Arausc, José A. Cordero-Guevarad, Tomás Vega Alonsob, Working Group for Research in Overweight, Obesity and Childhood Development in Castilla and León
a Sección de Epidemiología, Servicio Territorial de Sanidad, Junta de Castilla y León, Burgos, Spain
b Dirección General de Salud Pública, Consejería de Sanidad, Junta de Castilla y León, Valladolid, Spain
c Centro de Salud Cristóbal Acosta, SACYL, Junta de Castilla y León, Burgos, Spain
d Gerencia de Atención Primaria de Burgos, SACYL, Junta de Castilla y León, Burgos, Spain
Working Group for Research in Overweight, Obesity and Childhood Development in Castilla and León
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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0065">Introduction</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Overweight and obesity are considered a true epidemic in developed countries and represent one of the greatest challenges facing public health today&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0120"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> In a study conducted in Cantabria &#40;Spain&#41;&#44; overweight and obesity were found to affect approximately 60&#37; of the adult population&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0125"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> Obesity in childhood and adolescence has been shown to be predictive of obesity in adulthood and to increase the risk of morbidity and mortality in adults&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0130"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> since it is associated with various disorders such as cardiovascular disease&#44; cancer and diabetes&#46; The Spanish National Health Survey &#40;Encuesta Nacional de Salud &#91;ENS&#93;&#41; corresponding to 2011&#8211;2012 showed 18&#46;3&#37; of all children between 2 and 17 years of age to be overweight&#44; while 9&#46;6&#37; were obese&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0135"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> The overweight and obesity rates among adolescents and adults in Spain have increased over the last decade and are currently higher than the European Union &#40;EU&#41; average&#46; In adolescents aged 15 years the figure increased from 16&#37; in 2001&#8211;2002 to 20&#37; in 2013&#8211;2014&#44; with higher rates in boys &#40;24&#37;&#41; than in girls &#40;15&#37;&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0140"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> Even higher figures have been published in the Canary Islands&#44; with 29&#46;5&#37; for girls and 22&#46;8&#37; for boys&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0145"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> According to the ALADINO study&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0150"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> 19&#46;4&#37; of children 6 years of age are overweight and 10&#46;4&#37; are obese&#44; and these figures moreover increase to 26&#46;4&#37; overweight and 11&#46;4&#37; obese at 9 years of age&#44; both of these cases being based on the references of the International Obesity Task Force &#40;IOTF&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0155"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a> According to the ENS&#44; in Castilla y Le&#243;n 20&#46;3&#37; of all children aged 2&#8211;17 years were overweight and 6&#46;1&#37; were obese&#46; In a study conducted by the Directorate General of Public Health of the Department of Health of the Regional Government of Castilla y Le&#243;n between 2009 and 2013&#44; the estimated prevalence of overweight and obesity in this Autonomous Community was 17&#46;17&#37; in boys and 12&#46;39&#37; in girls&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0160"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a></p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This serious public health problem led the Spanish Government to adopt a new food safety and nutrition law in 2011&#44; seeking to reduce childhood overweight and obesity&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0165"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a> Among other things&#44; this law bans meals with high levels of saturated fatty acids&#44; salt and sugars in schools&#44; and regulates children&#39;s menus&#46;</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">One of the greatest problems in studying childhood obesity is the difficulty of establishing standardized indicators and classifications allowing reliable estimates and comparisons between populations&#46; Although the body mass index &#40;BMI&#41; is accepted both clinically and epidemiologically for measuring obesity in childhood and adolescence&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0170"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a> the criteria are not as standardized as in the case of adults&#44; where overweight is defined as a BMI<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>25<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>kg&#47;m<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span> and obesity as a BMI<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>30<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>kg&#47;m<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>&#46; Instead&#44; there are a number of reference tables&#44; such as those of the World Health Organization &#40;WHO&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0175"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a> or the International Obesity Task Force &#40;IOTF&#41;&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0155"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a> etc&#46;&#44; as well as others that give rise to variations in prevalence&#46;</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Genetic factors such as family history&#44; environmental factors such as a rural or urban habitat&#44; and lifestyle all influence excess body weight and obesity in children&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0180"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></a> By contrast&#44; breastfeeding for at least three months<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0185"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14</span></a> and normal birth weight act as protective factors&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0190"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15</span></a></p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The present study was designed to estimate the prevalence of overweight and obesity in Castilla y Le&#243;n in a sample of boys and girls corresponding to the cohort born in 1998 at 6&#44; 11 and 14 years of age&#44; according to the WHO and IOTF references&#44; and to describe its course and correlation to lifestyle and personal and family history&#46; The study also forms part of a joint project with the Paleophysiology and Ecology Group of the National Center for Research on Human Evolution &#40;Centro Nacional de Investigaci&#243;n sobre la Evoluci&#243;n Humana &#91;CENIEH&#93;&#41; in Burgos&#46; This new data compilation phase will allow for an adjustment of the growth curve once the participants have completed their development period&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0070">Methodology</span><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A retrospective&#44; observational cohort study was conducted by pediatricians from the Health Sentinel Network &#40;Red Centinela Sanitaria&#41; of Castilla y Le&#243;n&#46; A health examination was carried out&#44; and information was collected on a retrospective basis from the clinical histories of a sample of boys and girls born in 1998&#46;</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The health examination was made in 2012&#44; coinciding with the healthy child check-up scheduled for the year in which the children turned 14&#46; Information was collected on the date of the check-up regarding personal data&#44; the anthropometric parameters of the fathers and mothers&#44; the current anthropometric data of the children&#44; and the age of menarche of the mothers and girls&#46; Anthropometric measurements were obtained according to protocolized standards and norms&#44; with calibrated electronic scales being used&#44; the subjects being weighed in their underwear&#44; and height being measured while they were barefoot&#46; The information was completed with a nutrition and lifestyle survey at the time of the check-up&#46;</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">For each child retrospective data compilation was made by reviewing the clinical history &#40;in electronic or paper format&#41; and the pediatric health document&#44; which details the evolution of anthropometric parameters and provides information related to pediatric health&#46; The data in this regard included the type of delivery and maturity&#44; the type of lactation and its duration&#44; and anthropometric data collected on the occasions of the different pediatric check-ups&#58; body weight&#44; height and head circumference at birth&#44; after 15 days&#44; and at 1&#44; 2&#44; 4&#44; 6&#44; 12&#44; 15 and 18 months of age&#44; and weight and height at 2&#44; 3&#44; 6 and 11 years&#46; The data at birth and at 6 and 11 years were collected from the clinical history of the corresponding check-ups&#44; which follow the same protocols used in the check-up at 14 years of age&#46;</p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Twenty of the 23 pediatricians belonging to the Health Sentinel Network of Castilla y Le&#243;n participated in the study&#46; A first random sample of 9 boys and 9 girls was generated for each pediatrician from the health card database &#40;360 children overall&#41;&#46; A second reserve random sample of 4 boys and 4 girls was also generated for each pediatrician to replace children that were excluded or could not be located&#46;</p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The BMI was calculated from the data of the sample&#44; the underweight&#44; overweight and obesity categories being established according to the WHO<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0175"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a> &#40;underweight&#58; &#60;&#8722;2 standard deviations &#40;SD&#41;&#59; overweight&#58; &#8805;&#43;1 SD&#59; and obesity&#58; &#8805;&#43;2 SD&#41; and IOTF criteria<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0155"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a> &#40;pediatric equivalents of the adult cut-off points for underweight&#58; BMI<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>18&#46;5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>kg&#47;m<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>&#59; overweight&#58; BMI<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>25<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>kg&#47;m<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>&#59; and obesity&#58; BMI<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>30<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>kg&#47;m<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0195"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16</span></a> For each child&#44; this procedure was carried out at the age at the time of the study&#44; 11 years and 6 years&#46; Stratification by gender was made&#44; with a calculation of the proportions of each weight category at each age&#44; and the corresponding 95&#37; confidence intervals &#40;95&#37;CIs&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">To study the variation over time of overweight and obesity&#44; four groups were considered based on the change in the BMI &#40;pooling the WHO categories normal weight with underweight&#44; and overweight with obesity&#41; from 6 to 14 years of age&#58;</p><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Group 1&#58; underweight or normal weight children at 6 years and 14 years of age&#46;</p><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Group 2&#58; overweight or obese children at 6 years of age&#44; but underweight or normal weight at 14 years of age&#46;</p><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Group 3&#58; underweight or normal weight children at 6 years of age&#44; but overweight or obese at 14 years of age&#46;</p><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Group 4&#58; overweight or obese children at 6 and 14 years of age&#46;</p><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">An analysis was made of how these four groups varied according to different variables that may be related to overweight and obesity&#46; The clinical history provided information regarding the environment in which the children lived&#44; the type of delivery and maturity&#44; breastfeeding&#44; and its duration&#46; The anamnesis recorded the BMI of the parents&#44; the age of menarche in girls&#44; and hours and quality of sleep&#46;</p><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Data analysis was performed using the SAS&#44; SPSS&#44; and Epidat statistical packages&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0075">Results</span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080">Prevalence of overweight and obesity</span><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The final study sample consisted of 326 boys and girls &#40;51&#46;5&#37; and 48&#46;5&#37;&#44; respectively&#41; aged 13&#8211;14 years&#44; with a mean age of 13&#46;88 years &#40;SD&#58; 0&#46;25&#41;&#46; Seventy-three percent lived in an urban setting&#46; Most of them were children of Spanish parents&#44; and only 8&#46;8&#37; had one or both parents of foreign origin&#46;</p><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a> shows the prevalences of the different weight categories according to the WHO cut-off points&#44; by gender and age&#46; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a> in turn shows these same results according to the cut-off points of the IOTF&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">As reflected in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>&#44; and based on the WHO references&#44; at 14 years 25&#46;3&#37; of the boys were overweight&#44; versus 18&#46;5&#37; of the girls&#46; On applying the IOTF criteria &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a>&#41;&#44; the prevalence of overweight decreased several percentage points to 18&#46;4&#37; in boys and 15&#46;5&#37; in girls &#40;i&#46;e&#46;&#44; the decrease was more pronounced among the males&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Obesity in turn was recorded in 8&#46;2&#37; of the boys and 4&#46;8&#37; of the girls according to the WHO criteria&#46; These prevalences of obesity were again lower using the IOTF cut-off points&#44; particularly in boys&#44; where the prevalence of obesity was seen to be 4&#46;4&#37;&#46; In the case of the girls&#44; the IOTF-based prevalence of obesity was 4&#46;2&#37;&#44; i&#46;e&#46;&#44; similar to the percentage according to the WHO criteria&#46;</p><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">Table 3</a> describes the variation with age of the prevalences referring to overweight and obesity using the WHO cut-off points according to the setting &#40;urban or non-urban&#41; in which the boys and girls lived&#46; In the urban setting&#44; both overweight and obesity decreased with age&#44; the prevalence being lower at 14 years than at 6 years&#46; By contrast&#44; in the non-urban setting the prevalence of overweight increased during this period &#40;16&#46;7&#37; at 6 years and 26&#46;1&#37; at 14 years&#41;&#44; while obesity remained relatively constant&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0015"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0085">Sample evolution</span><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">With regard to the evolution of overweight and obesity &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0020">Table 4</a>&#41;&#44; the children living in an urban setting were seen to experience a decrease in their weight category &#40;19&#46;8&#37; shifted from overweight or obesity to normal weight or underweight&#44; as compared to 10&#46;3&#37; of those living in a non-urban setting&#41;&#46; By contrast&#44; in the non-urban setting&#44; 15&#46;4&#37; shifted from underweight or normal weight to overweight or obesity&#44; a situation that only occurred in 6&#46;3&#37; of those living in an urban setting&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0020"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">With regard to sleep&#44; 57&#46;8&#37; of the boys and girls that slept well remained stable in the underweight-normal weight category&#44; while 50&#46;0&#37; of those that slept poorly were overweight or obese at both 6 and 14 years of age&#46; In addition&#44; those who slept more than 8&#46;52<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h on average were the subjects that experienced an increase in their BMI&#46;</p><p id="par0125" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The duration of breastfeeding &#40;either exclusive or mixed&#41; was longer in the children with overweight and obesity at 6 years of age and who normalized their weight at age 14 &#40;mean&#58; 6&#46;03 months&#59; SD&#58; 5&#46;98&#41;&#46; By contrast&#44; the children that shifted from normal weight at 6 years of age to overweight or obesity at age 14 showed the shortest duration of breastfeeding &#40;mean&#58; 4&#46;33 months&#59; SD&#58; 3&#46;67&#41;&#46; Exclusive breastfeeding showed a different pattern&#44; with a longer duration among the children that were overweight or obese at 14 years of age and among the children that increased their body weight between 6 and 14 years of age&#46;</p><p id="par0130" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">As regards delivery&#44; the children in groups 3 and 4&#44; with overweight or obesity at 14 years of age&#44; showed higher percentages of caesarean section or instrumental delivery as compared to the other two groups&#44; though the differences were not significant &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;98&#44; 0&#46;19 and 0&#46;37 in groups 2&#44; 3 and 4&#41;&#46; The children in group 3 also showed a higher proportion of preterm deliveries&#44; though without reaching statistical significance &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;44&#41;&#44; while those in group 4 showed a significantly higher proportion of post-term deliveries &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;03&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0135" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">At the time of the study&#44; 91&#46;7&#37; of the girls in the study had reached menarche&#46; Of the 11 girls who had not yet reached menarche at 14 years of age&#44; 81&#46;8&#37; were underweight or had normal weight at both 6 and 11 years of age&#46; Although an advance was seen in the age of menarche in overweight or obese girls as compared to those with normal weight&#44; the differences among the four groups were not significant &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;14&#44; 0&#46;29 and 0&#46;11 for groups 2&#44; 3 and 4&#44; respectively&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0140" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The boys and girls with sustained overweight or obesity were the offspring of fathers and&#47;or mothers with higher mean BMI values &#40;27&#46;84<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>kg&#47;m<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span> in the father and 26&#46;69<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>kg&#47;m<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span> in the mother&#41;&#46; Group 2 was the only group that proved statistically significant for the BMI of the father &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;02&#41;&#44; while groups 3 and 4 were statistically significant for the BMI of the mother &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;04 and 0&#46;01&#44; respectively&#41;&#46; The mean paternal BMI was in the overweight category&#44; while the maternal BMI category was more similar to that of the children&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0200"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a></p></span></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0090">Discussion</span><p id="par0145" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Childhood overweight and obesity affects approximately one in every three boys and one in every four girls aged 14 years in Castilla y Le&#243;n&#44; according to the WHO criteria&#46; The population living in a rural setting appears to exhibit a poorer evolution over time&#46; In addition to the place of residency&#44; the tendency toward increased overweight and obesity is related to the type of delivery and nursing&#44; sleeping habits&#44; and the occurrence of menarche in girls&#46;</p><p id="par0150" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Our findings regarding overweight and obesity at 6 years of age according to gender are similar to those of the Spanish nationwide ALADINO study&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0150"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> Comparing other Autonomous Communities&#44; Galicia<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0180"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></a> reported prevalences higher than those found in Castilla y Le&#243;n&#44; with overweight and obesity rates of 29&#46;9&#37; and 7&#46;2&#37;&#44; respectively&#44; at 11 years of age &#40;based on the IOTF references&#41;&#46; The Canary Islands reported even higher figures&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0145"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> By contrast&#44; the Balearic Islands&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0130"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> reported a higher prevalence of obesity in both boys and girls&#46; With regard to the wider European setting&#44; it should be noted that a French population study<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span></a> estimated prevalences of obesity &#40;according to the IOTF cut-off points&#41; lower than those found in our study at 6 and 11 years of age &#40;3&#46;1&#37; and 3&#46;7&#37;&#44; respectively&#41;&#44; though at 14 years of age the results were similar to those recorded in Castilla y Le&#243;n&#46;</p><p id="par0155" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">With regard to the changes in weight category over time based on age&#44; the prevalence of overweight in girls and of obesity in boys has been seen to reach a peak at 11 years of age&#46; Prepubertal age has been regarded as a risk factor for the development of obesity in children and adolescents&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0210"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19</span></a></p><p id="par0160" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In the urban setting&#44; overweight and obesity are less prevalent at 14 years of age&#44; while in the non-urban setting overweight increases and obesity remains relatively constant&#46; This could be due to differences in habits related to the environment in which the children live&#46; In this regard&#44; there may be a more sedentary lifestyle at the time of puberty in the rural setting due to a lack of facilities&#46; Likewise&#44; socially accepted beauty standards may cause adolescents &#40;particularly females&#41; to want to lose weight&#46;</p><p id="par0165" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The role of sleep as a risk factor for obesity has been clearly established&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0215"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20&#44;21</span></a> In our study&#44; although the number of children reporting poor sleep was small compared to those who slept well&#44; the former appeared to have a greater tendency toward overweight and obesity at both 6 and 14 years of age&#46; This could suggest that poor quality of sleep affects excess weight&#44; or that obesity causes poor quality of sleep&#46; We also recorded a slight decrease in hours of sleep in those who were overweight or obese at 6 and 14 years of age&#46;</p><p id="par0170" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Breastfeeding could play a relevant role in regulating overweight in children and adolescents&#46; The data from this study reflect the positive influence of the total duration of nursing&#44; though the results proved conflicting in the case of exclusive breastfeeding&#46; A more complete data analysis would be needed to assess the true effect without interference from other variables such as the history of the child&#44; maternal obesity&#44; the socio-cultural level&#44; etc&#46;</p><p id="par0175" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Both the full-term and eutocic delivery infants showed the highest percentages of normal body weight&#46; Pre- and&#47;or postmaturity may be related to a greater frequency of dystocia and&#44; consequently&#44; to a greater number of instrumental deliveries and&#47;or caesarean sections&#46; Likewise&#44; it could be postulated that dystocia leading to instrumental delivery or caesarean section may be due to disorders that affect newborn infant weight&#44; such as low weight&#44; which later turns into overweight&#46;</p><p id="par0180" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">An interesting observation regarding menarche is that most girls who had not yet reached menarche at 14 years of age presented normal weight at both 6 and 14 years of age&#46; Mention also must be made of the advance in the age of menarche in girls with overweight or obesity&#46; Neither pubertal development nor the date of menarche was taken into account in adjusting the BMI&#44; a fact that may represent a limitation of our study&#46; However&#44; most studies use the WHO and IOTF tables&#44; which do not include the above factors&#44; thereby facilitating the comparison of our findings with those of other studies&#46;</p><p id="par0185" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The parents were questioned verbally about the BMI&#44; and this could also represent a source of bias&#46; In any case&#44; we found the children with overweight or obesity at both 6 and 14 years of age to be the offspring of fathers and&#47;or mothers with a higher mean BMI&#46; Of note is the observation that the BMI of children appears to be more related to maternal BMI than to paternal BMI&#46; The mothers of children with sustained normal weight at 6 and 14 years of age had a mean BMI of 23&#46;58 &#40;normal weight for an adult&#41;&#44; while the fathers had a mean BMI of 26&#46;02 &#40;corresponding to overweight&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0190" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The 20 pediatricians participating in the Health Sentinel Network represented the global group of primary care pediatricians of the Health Service of Castilla y Le&#243;n in 2011&#44; and the population they attended was representative of the global pediatric population of this Autonomous Community&#44; according to the original design of the network<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0225"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">22</span></a> and the periodic validation studies made&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0230"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">23</span></a></p><p id="par0195" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Only those children that failed to keep their appointments could have introduced a bias in terms of representativeness&#44; though their number was low&#46; There were no age or gender differences in relation to the study sample&#44; though other variables of a socioeconomic nature could not be compared&#46;</p><p id="par0200" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This study provides estimates of overweight and obesity for the population of Castilla y Le&#243;n at 6&#44; 11 and 14 years of age&#44; and confirms that our situation is similar to that of other populations in our geographical setting&#44; with a serious problem of overweight and obesity that appears to increase over time up to 11 years age and then decreases in early adolescence&#46; While growth rate curves have not yet been established with the collected data&#44; they will afford future reference values for comparing weight and height gain&#44; and individual deviations&#46; Some variables related to both weight gain and weight loss have been identified&#44; and some hypotheses regarding this relationship should be explored in greater depth in order to define risk control profiles&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0095">Financial support</span><p id="par0205" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">None declared&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0100">Conflicts of interest</span><p id="par0210" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">None declared&#46;</p></span></span>"
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              "titulo" => "Introducci&#243;n"
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              "identificador" => "abst0030"
              "titulo" => "Metodolog&#237;a"
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            2 => array:2 [
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        5 => array:2 [
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          "titulo" => "Methodology"
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            0 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "sec0020"
              "titulo" => "Prevalence of overweight and obesity"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "sec0025"
              "titulo" => "Sample evolution"
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          "titulo" => "Discussion"
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          "titulo" => "Financial support"
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          "identificador" => "sec0040"
          "titulo" => "Conflicts of interest"
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          "titulo" => "References"
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    "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf"
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    "fechaRecibido" => "2018-05-03"
    "fechaAceptado" => "2018-10-01"
    "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [
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        0 => array:4 [
          "clase" => "keyword"
          "titulo" => "Keywords"
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1102459"
          "palabras" => array:6 [
            0 => "Child obesity"
            1 => "BMI"
            2 => "Body mass index"
            3 => "Overweight"
            4 => "Prevalence"
            5 => "Cohort"
          ]
        ]
      ]
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        0 => array:4 [
          "clase" => "keyword"
          "titulo" => "Palabras clave"
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1102460"
          "palabras" => array:6 [
            0 => "Obesidad infantil"
            1 => "IMC"
            2 => "&#205;ndice de masa corporal"
            3 => "Sobrepeso"
            4 => "Prevalencia"
            5 => "Cohorte"
          ]
        ]
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    "resumen" => array:2 [
      "en" => array:3 [
        "titulo" => "Abstract"
        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Introduction</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Several studies warn that overweight and obesity have become an epidemic with severe consequences in the population&#39;s health&#46; The objective of the present study is to estimate the prevalence of overweight and obesity in Castile and Leon in a sample of children at 6&#44; 11 and 14 years of age&#44; to describe its evolution and its association with life habits and antecedents&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Material and methods</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Observational study&#44; retrospective cohort&#44; performed by the pediatricians of the Health Sentinel Network&#46; The study is part of a joint Project with the National Research Center on Human Evolution &#40;CENIEH&#41; in Burgos to know the pattern of growth and development of the child population of Castile and Leon&#46; In 2012&#44; a health examination and a retrospective collection were carried out based on the clinical history of a simple of 326 children&#44; from the cohort was born in 1998&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Results</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Following the WHO references&#44; at age 14 there was 25&#46;3&#37; of boys and 18&#46;5&#37; of girls with overweight&#46; Obesity was estimated to affect the 8&#46;2&#37; and 4&#46;8&#37; of them respectively&#46; At 11 years of age there was the maximum of overweight in girls and of obesity in boys&#46; At the urban-non urban environment&#44; quantity and quality of sleep and the parents&#8217; BMI have been some of the associated factors to weight level of the children&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Discussion</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">In Castile and Leon&#44; as in other populations of our environment&#44; there is a severe problem of overweight and obesity&#46; For their control it is necessary to deepen understanding of lifestyles and antecedents related to the birth as well as to calculate the growth rate in the pediatric age&#46;</p></span>"
        "secciones" => array:4 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0005"
            "titulo" => "Introduction"
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          1 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0010"
            "titulo" => "Material and methods"
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          2 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0015"
            "titulo" => "Results"
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        "titulo" => "Resumen"
        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Introducci&#243;n</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Varios estudios advierten que el sobrepeso y la obesidad se han convertido en una epidemia con graves consecuencias sobre la salud de la poblaci&#243;n&#46; El objetivo del presente estudio es estimar la prevalencia de sobrepeso y obesidad en Castilla y Le&#243;n en una muestra de ni&#241;os a los 6&#44; 11 y 14 a&#241;os de edad&#44; describir su evoluci&#243;n y su asociaci&#243;n con h&#225;bitos de vida y antecedentes&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">Metodolog&#237;a</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Estudio observacional&#44; de cohorte retrospectivo&#44; realizado por los pediatras de la Red Centinela Sanitaria&#44; que se enmarca en un proyecto conjunto con el Centro Nacional de Investigaci&#243;n sobre la Evoluci&#243;n Humana de Burgos para conocer el patr&#243;n de crecimiento y desarrollo de la poblaci&#243;n infantil de Castilla y Le&#243;n&#46; En 2012 se realiz&#243; un examen de salud y una recogida retrospectiva a partir de la historia cl&#237;nica en una muestra de 326 ni&#241;os&#44; de la cohorte de nacidos en 1998&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Resultados</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Seg&#250;n los criterios de la OMS&#44; a los 14 a&#241;os hab&#237;a un 25&#44;3&#37; de sobrepeso entre los ni&#241;os y un 18&#44;5&#37; entre las ni&#241;as&#46; En cuanto a la obesidad&#44; esta afectaba al 8&#44;2 y 4&#44;8&#37;&#44; respectivamente&#46; A los 11 a&#241;os se produce un pico de sobrepeso en las ni&#241;as y de obesidad en los ni&#241;os&#46; El entorno urbano-no urbano&#44; la calidad y duraci&#243;n del sue&#241;o&#44; as&#237; como el &#237;ndice de masa corporal &#40;IMC&#41; de los padres han sido algunos de los factores asociados con el peso de los ni&#241;os&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Discusi&#243;n</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">En Castilla y Le&#243;n&#44; como en otras poblaciones de nuestro entorno&#44; existe un grave problema de sobrepeso y obesidad infantil&#46; Para su control&#44; es necesario profundizar sobre los estilos de vida y los antecedentes relacionados con el nacimiento&#44; as&#237; como el c&#225;lculo de la velocidad de crecimiento en la edad pedi&#225;trica&#46;</p></span>"
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            "titulo" => "Metodolog&#237;a"
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        "etiqueta" => "&#9674;"
        "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0010">The names of the components of the Working Group for Research in Overweight&#44; Obesity and Childhood Development in Castilla and Le&#243;n are listed in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#sec0045">Annex</a>&#46;</p>"
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      1 => array:2 [
        "etiqueta" => "&#9734;"
        "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005">Please cite this article as&#58; Y&#225;&#241;ez-Ortega JL&#44; Arrieta-Cerd&#225;n E&#44; Lozano-Alonso JE&#44; Gil Costa M&#44; Guti&#233;rrez-Araus AM&#44; Cordero-Guevara JA&#44; et al&#46; Prevalencia de sobrepeso y obesidad infantil&#46; Estudio de una cohorte en Castilla y Le&#243;n&#44; Espa&#241;a&#46; Endocrinol Diabetes Nutr&#46; 2019&#59;66&#58;173&#8211;180&#46;</p>"
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            "apendice" => "<p id="par0215" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Isabel Carrami&#241;ana-Martinez&#58; Epidemiology Section&#44; Servicio Territorial de Sanidad&#44; Junta de Castilla y Le&#243;n&#44; Burgos&#44; Spain&#46;</p> <p id="par0220" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Rufino &#193;lamo-Sanz&#58; Direcci&#243;n General de Salud P&#250;blica&#44; Consejer&#237;a de Sanidad&#44; Junta de Castilla y Le&#243;n&#44; Valladolid&#44; Spain&#46;</p> <p id="par0225" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Carolina Varela-Rodriguez&#58; Department of Preventive Medicine&#44; Hospital General Universitario de Ciudad Real&#44; Ciudad Real&#44; Spain&#46;</p> <p id="par0230" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Ana Mateos-Cachorro&#58; Centro Nacional de Investigaci&#243;n sobre la Evoluci&#243;n Humana &#40;CENIEH&#41;&#44; Burgos&#44; Spain&#46;</p>"
            "etiqueta" => "Annex"
            "titulo" => "Working Group for Research in Overweight&#44; Obesity and Childhood Development in Castilla and Le&#243;n"
            "identificador" => "sec0045"
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                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="" valign="top" scope="col">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " colspan="2" align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">6 years</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " colspan="2" align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">11 years</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " colspan="2" align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">14 years</th></tr><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">95&#37;CI&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">95&#37;CI&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">95&#37;CI&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="8" align="left" valign="top">Gender</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="4" align="left" valign="top">Boys</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Underweight&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#91;0&#46;2&#8211;5&#46;2&#93;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2&#46;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#91;0&#46;8&#8211;7&#46;4&#93;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#91;0&#46;0&#8211;3&#46;5&#93;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Normal weight&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#91;53&#46;6&#8211;70&#46;5&#93;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">52&#46;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#91;43&#46;4&#8211;61&#46;0&#93;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">65&#46;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#91;58&#46;1&#8211;73&#46;5&#93;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Overweight&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#91;16&#46;6&#8211;31&#46;6&#93;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">25&#46;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#91;17&#46;4&#8211;32&#46;6&#93;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">25&#46;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">19&#46;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#91;12&#46;8&#8211;26&#46;9&#93;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">8&#46;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#91;0&#46;0&#8211;2&#46;7&#93;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">3&#46;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#91;0&#46;8&#8211;7&#46;5&#93;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#46;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#91;0&#46;1&#8211;4&#46;2&#93;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Normal weight&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">66&#46;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#91;58&#46;5&#8211;75&#46;3&#93;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">59&#46;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#91;50&#46;7&#8211;68&#46;1&#93;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">75&#46;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#91;68&#46;8&#8211;82&#46;4&#93;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Overweight&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">23&#46;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#91;15&#46;7&#8211;30&#46;9&#93;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">33&#46;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#91;25&#46;4&#8211;42&#46;3&#93;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">18&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#91;12&#46;3&#8211;24&#46;6&#93;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Obesity&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">9&#46;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#91;4&#46;4&#8211;15&#46;2&#93;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">3&#46;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#91;1&#46;2&#8211;8&#46;6&#93;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">4&#46;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#91;1&#46;2&#8211;8&#46;3&#93;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
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                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td-with-role" title="table-head ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top" scope="col">Age of the child&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="" valign="top" scope="col">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="" valign="top" scope="col">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">6 years</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">11 years</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">14 years</th></tr><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">95&#37;CI&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">95&#37;CI&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">95&#37;CI&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="8" align="left" valign="top">Gender</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="4" align="left" valign="top">Boys</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Underweight&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">8&#46;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#91;3&#46;7&#8211;13&#46;9&#93;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">6&#46;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#91;2&#46;1&#8211;11&#46;2&#93;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">3&#46;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#91;0&#46;5&#8211;7&#46;1&#93;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Normal weight&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">69&#46;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#91;61&#46;3&#8211;77&#46;4&#93;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">61&#46;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#91;52&#46;5&#8211;69&#46;6&#93;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">73&#46;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#91;66&#46;2&#8211;80&#46;6&#93;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Overweight&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">13&#46;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#91;7&#46;1&#8211;19&#46;2&#93;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">25&#46;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#91;17&#46;4&#8211;32&#46;6&#93;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">18&#46;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#91;12&#46;0&#8211;24&#46;7&#93;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Obesity&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">8&#46;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#91;3&#46;7&#8211;13&#46;9&#93;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">7&#46;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#91;2&#46;6&#8211;12&#46;1&#93;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">4&#46;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#91;0&#46;9&#8211;8&#46;0&#93;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="4" align="left" valign="top">Girls</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Underweight&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">6&#46;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#91;2&#46;1&#8211;11&#46;4&#93;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">4&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#91;0&#46;6&#8211;8&#46;4&#93;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">7&#46;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#91;3&#46;0&#8211;11&#46;3&#93;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Normal weight&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">63&#46;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#91;55&#46;4&#8211;72&#46;4&#93;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">65&#46;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#91;57&#46;0&#8211;73&#46;9&#93;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">73&#46;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#91;66&#46;2&#8211;80&#46;2&#93;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Overweight&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">20&#46;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#91;13&#46;1&#8211;27&#46;5&#93;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">27&#46;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#91;19&#46;1&#8211;35&#46;0&#93;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">15&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#91;9&#46;7&#8211;21&#46;2&#93;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Obesity&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">9&#46;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#91;3&#46;8&#8211;14&#46;3&#93;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">3&#46;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#91;0&#46;8&#8211;7&#46;5&#93;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">4&#46;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#91;0&#46;8&#8211;7&#46;5&#93;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
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                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td-with-role" title="table-head ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top" scope="col">Age of the child&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">95&#37;CI&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">95&#37;CI&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">95&#37;CI&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="4" align="left" valign="top">Setting</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top">Non-urban</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Overweight&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">16&#46;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#91;7&#46;8&#8211;25&#46;6&#93;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">22&#46;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#91;12&#46;3&#8211;33&#46;4&#93;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">26&#46;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#91;16&#46;4&#8211;35&#46;9&#93;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#91;2&#46;9&#8211;17&#46;6&#93;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">11&#46;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#91;3&#46;3&#8211;19&#46;6&#93;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">9&#46;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#91;2&#46;5&#8211;15&#46;7&#93;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top">Urban</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Overweight&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">26&#46;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#91;20&#46;1&#8211;33&#46;1&#93;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">31&#46;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#91;24&#46;9&#8211;38&#46;4&#93;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">20&#46;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#91;14&#46;9&#8211;25&#46;5&#93;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Obesity&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">11&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#91;6&#46;7&#8211;16&#46;2&#93;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">12&#46;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#91;7&#46;3&#8211;16&#46;8&#93;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">5&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#91;2&#46;4&#8211;8&#46;6&#93;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
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                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Underweight or normal weight at 6 and 14 years of age</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Overweight or obesity at 6 years and normal or underweight at 14 years of age</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Underweight or normal weight at 6 years and overweight or obesity at 14 years of age</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Overweight or obesity at 6 and 14 years of age</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Setting &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span>&#44; &#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Non-urban&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">45&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">57&#46;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">10&#46;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">12&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">15&#46;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">13&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">16&#46;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Urban&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">107&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">55&#46;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">38&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">19&#46;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">12&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">6&#46;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">35&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">18&#46;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Sleeps well &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span>&#44; &#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Yes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">149&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">57&#46;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">44&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">17&#46;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">23&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">8&#46;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">42&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">16&#46;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">No&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">30&#46;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">20&#46;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">50&#46;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">No&#46; daily hours of sleep &#40;mean&#44; SD&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">8&#46;40&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;81&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">8&#46;22&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;96&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">8&#46;52&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;73&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">8&#46;20&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;72&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Breastfeeding &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span>&#44; &#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Yes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">118&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">55&#46;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">35&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">16&#46;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">23&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">10&#46;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">37&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">17&#46;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">No&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">31&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">58&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">10&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">18&#46;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#46;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">11&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">20&#46;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Total months of breastfeeding &#40;mean&#44; SD&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">4&#46;75&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">3&#46;85&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">6&#46;03&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">5&#46;98&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">4&#46;33&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">3&#46;67&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">5&#46;54&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">3&#46;57&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">No&#46; months of exclusive breastfeeding &#40;mean&#44; SD&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">3&#46;15&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2&#46;96&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2&#46;97&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2&#46;27&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">3&#46;74&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2&#46;90&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">3&#46;85&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2&#46;12&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Maturity &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span>&#44; &#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Preterm&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">36&#46;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">36&#46;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">10&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">15&#46;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Term&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">139&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">59&#46;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">34&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">14&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">21&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">8&#46;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">41&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">17&#46;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Post-term&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">22&#46;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">33&#46;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">44&#46;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Type of delivery &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span>&#44; &#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Eutocic&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">113&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">57&#46;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">34&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">17&#46;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">15&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">7&#46;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">33&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">16&#46;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Caesarean section&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">27&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">50&#46;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">17&#46;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">13&#46;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">10&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">18&#46;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Instrumental&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">10&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">52&#46;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">10&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">10&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">26&#46;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Menarche&#44; girl &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span>&#44; &#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Yes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">69&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">56&#46;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">27&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">22&#46;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">10&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">8&#46;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">16&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">13&#46;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">No&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">81&#46;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">9&#46;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">9&#46;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">12&#46;48&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;88&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">12&#46;14&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;85&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">12&#46;07&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;69&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">11&#46;99&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#46;10&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Paternal BMI &#40;mean&#44; SD&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">26&#46;02&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2&#46;92&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">27&#46;66&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">4&#46;86&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">26&#46;48&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2&#46;40&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">27&#46;84&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">3&#46;54&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Maternal BMI &#40;mean&#44; SD&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">23&#46;58&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">3&#46;35&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">24&#46;85&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">3&#46;80&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">25&#46;41&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">3&#46;95&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">26&#46;69&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">4&#46;36&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
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          "en" => "<p id="spar0060" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Evolution over time of the BMI category of the children according to habits and history&#46;</p>"
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