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Letter to the Editor
Gender detransition in Spain: Concept and perspectives
Destransición de género en España: Concepto y perspectivas
Pablo Expósito-Campos
Facultad de Psicología, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), Vizcaya, País Vasco, Spain
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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The publications by Becerra Fern&#225;ndez<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> and Pazos Guerra et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> demonstrate the growing interest that <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">gender detransition</span> has aroused among teams working in Spanish gender identity clinics &#40;GICs&#41;&#46; Although it is not a genuinely new phenomenon&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> the experiences of these people have received little attention in the scientific literature until recently&#46; The scarcity of information in Spanish has prevented the establishment of a consistent and shared definition of the concept&#44; hampering understanding and communication between health professionals dedicated to this topic&#46; My aim is to offer some suggestions and reflections that contribute to consolidating a common language for the investigation and development of this quandary&#46;</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The first issue that I would like to address is of a morphological nature&#44; and has to do with how the English term &#8220;detransition&#8221; is translated into Spanish&#46; Since in our language the prefixes <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">de-</span> and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">des-</span> are often used interchangeably to indicate the negation or the opposite of something&#44; &#8220;detransition&#8221; could be translated either as &#8220;detransici&#243;n&#8221; or as &#8220;destransici&#243;n&#8221;&#46; The cited authors opt for the first option&#44; which is a textual translation of the term in English&#46; However&#44; as it is a neologism&#44; perhaps the most correct thing would be to use the prefix <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">des-</span>&#44; which is not only the variant most frequently used in medicine&#44; but also coincides with the most correct form at the etymological level &#40;from the Latin <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">dis-</span>&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a></p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The second issue is of a conceptual nature&#44; and alludes to the differences that exist between gender detransition and another related&#44; but qualitatively different&#44; phenomenon&#58; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">desistance</span>&#46; According to the data&#44; between 60&#37; and 90&#37; of boys and girls diagnosed with gender dysphoria &#40;GD&#41; stop showing the criteria established for this condition when they reach adolescence&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> The term &#8220;desistance&#8221; is the one that has been used in the specialised literature to refer to this phenomenon of remission of GD&#44; and constitutes one of the most significant factors in the study of its evolutionary trajectories&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> Contrary to what happens in desistance&#44; gender detransition does not necessarily imply remission from GD&#44; since some people who detransition may continue to meet the criteria to receive such a diagnosis &#40;for example&#44; strong desire to be of the other sex&#44; strong desire to get rid of one&#8217;s own sexual characteristics&#44; strong desire to possess the sexual characteristics of the opposite sex&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> long after having decided to detransition&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a> In contrast&#44; the concept of desistance is used to designate those cases in which the GD subsides <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">without having initiated any type of gender transition</span>&#44; while detransition occurs when stopping and reversing a <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">previously started</span> process of gender transition &#40;social&#44; legal and&#47;or medical&#41;&#46; It is important not to confuse the two concepts or use them interchangeably&#44; as they denote different realities&#46;</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Thirdly&#44; it would be convenient to establish a specific criterion that would allow for distinguishing between &#8220;genuine&#8221; cases of gender detransition and other types of situations that are similar in appearance&#44; but with a different origin&#46; My suggestion is that&#44; instead of interpreting any interruption of a transition process as a detransition &#40;without delving into its particular causes&#41;&#44; this concept be reserved exclusively for those cases in which there is a <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cessation or modification of the identification with the gender transitioned to</span>&#46; This criterion offers us the possibility to differentiate those people who wish to stop and reverse their transition processes because their main motivation for transitioning &#40;their gender identity&#41; has changed&#44; from those who are forced to stop their transition processes for reasons beyond their control &#40;unwanted side effects&#44; lack of social&#47;family support&#44; etc&#46;&#41; or who stop because they have already achieved the desired physical changes&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">and not for reasons of an identity nature</span>&#46;</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Gender detransition could then be defined as the abandonment and reversal of the transition process <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">as a result of</span> the cessation of or a change in identification with the gender to which the person initially transitioned&#46; This way of characterising gender detransition is more precise and provides us with greater conceptual clarity&#46; For example&#44; in their article&#44; Pazos Guerra et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> speak of detransitions with or without &#8220;identity desistance&#8221;&#44; that is&#44; associated or not with a &#8220;change in the initially manifested feeling of identity&#8221;&#46; In my opinion&#44; this description mixes the concepts of desistance and detransition and can lead to misunderstandings&#44; a situation that could be avoided if&#44; instead of this&#44; we establish the cessation of identity as a key factor to identify a detransition&#46; In this way&#44; moreover&#44; it would not be necessary to specify whether or not the detransition is accompanied by a change of identity&#44; since this is already implicit in the very definition of the concept&#46; Furthermore&#44; a person&#8217;s desire to reverse their transition process could hardly be understood without first acknowledging the underlying identity motivation&#46;</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">What the study of gender detransition highlights is that the relationship that exists between the diagnosis of GD and transgender identity <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">is not isomorphic</span>&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a> The diagnosis of GD is the result of a <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">rigorous and essential</span> psychological evaluation process within teams working at GICs&#44; while transgender identity is the result of a subjective process of self-determination&#46; This explains why some people who detransition continue to experience GD&#44; or why there are people who meet the criteria for GD but do not identify with the opposite gender and seek alternative pathways to transition to deal with it&#46; Since identities are part of individual subjectivity and can fluctuate over time&#44; decision-making in clinical contexts <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">should not be guided solely by identity considerations</span>&#46; On the contrary&#44; it is important to approach these processes from a holistic and biopsychosocial perspective that takes into account the intensity of the GD and its progression&#44; as well as its developmental context and any other possible associated psychological difficulties or psychosocial vulnerabilities&#46;</p><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0005">Conflicts of interest</span><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The author declares that he has no conflicts of interest&#46;</p></span></span>"
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ISSN: 25300180
Original language: English
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