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Endocrinología, Diabetes y Nutrición (English ed.)
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Original article
Overexpression of circRNAs LRP6 in gestational diabetes mellitus predicts foetal malformation and intrauterine death
La sobreexpresión de circARN LRP6 en la diabetes mellitus gestacional predice malformaciones fetales y muerte intrauterina
Hairong Haoa,, Qun Liub,, Jianhui Chenc, Huan Zhoud,
Corresponding author
huanzhoujiangsu@163.com

Corresponding author.
a Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huai’an Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical College and Huai’an Second People's Hospital, Huai’an, Jiangsu 223002, PR China
b Lianshui County People's Hospital, Huai’an, Jiangsu 223400, PR China
c Jiangsu Food and Pharmaceutical Science College, Huai’an, Jiangsu 223003, PR China
d Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Huai’an Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Huai’an, Jiangsu 223002, PR China
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          "en" => "<p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Comparison of GDM-free curves between the high and low LRP6 level groups&#46; GDM-free curves were plotted for both the high and low LRP6 level groups &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>150&#44; cutoff value<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>median plasma LRP6 level&#41;&#46; Plotted curves were compared with the log-rank test&#46;</p>"
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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0065">Introduction</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Hormonal imbalance is common in pregnancy&#44; and it can also lead to complications during pregnancy&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0095"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> Gestational syndromes increase the risk of a diverse range of diseases&#44; such as diabetes mellitus&#44; cardiovascular disease&#44; pituitary and thyroid disorders&#44; depression&#44; renal and liver disease&#44; thrombosis and even cancer&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0095"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> Gestational diabetes mellitus &#40;GDM&#41;&#44; a major pregnancy complication&#44; is characterised by glucose intolerance of varying severity with first recognition or onset during pregnancy as a consequence of insulin resistance caused by the hormones produced in the placenta or inflammation&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0095"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;2</span></a> During pregnancy&#44; the development of chronic insulin resistance may cause &#946;-cell dysfunction&#44; leading to GDM&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0095"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;2</span></a> However&#44; the exact pathophysiology of GDM is unclear&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0095"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;2</span></a> Incidence of GDM varies &#40;from 1&#37; to 45&#37;&#41; across the world&#44; and increased incidence has been observed with ageing&#44; BMI&#44; previous GDM and certain genetic alterations&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0105"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3&#44;4</span></a> Without proper treatment&#44; GDM may cause a series of adverse events&#44; such as problems during the neonatal period and birth lacerations&#44; and some of these adverse events&#44; such as pre-eclampsia&#44; can threaten the lives of both the baby and the mother&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0115"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> Moreover&#44; GDM also increases the risk of diabetes in both mother and offspring&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0115"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> In the long term&#44; GDM increases the risk of multiple severe diseases&#44; such as cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0120"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6&#44;7</span></a></p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Treatments of GDM focus on glucose blood control using different approaches&#44; such as insulin injection and physical activities&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0130"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8&#44;9</span></a> However&#44; early diagnosis and prevention are still the key to preventing the development of adverse events&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0140"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a> Multiple biomarkers&#44; such as sex hormone globulin&#44; adiponectin&#44; C-reactive protein&#44; insulin&#44; and glycosylated fibronectin&#44; have been used for the early detection of GDM&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0145"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11&#44;12</span></a> However&#44; these markers in most cases only show moderate-to-fair accuracy &#40;AUC values around 0&#46;8&#41; and are usually affected by different populations&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0145"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11&#44;12</span></a> Therefore&#44; more reliable markers are needed&#46; Circular RNAs &#40;circRNAs&#41; are circularised non-coding RNAs with regulatory roles&#44; while they are not directly involved in protein-coding&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0155"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></a> In GDM&#44; differentially expressed circRNAs have been identified with critical functions&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0160"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14&#44;15</span></a> CircRNA LDL receptor related protein 6 &#40;LRP6&#41; &#40;hereinafter&#44; LRP6 for simplicity&#41; promotes high-glucose-induced vascular smooth muscle cell migration and proliferation by regulating the miR-545-3p&#47;HMGA1 axis&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0170"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16</span></a> suggesting its potential participation in diabetes&#46; However&#44; its role in GDM is unclear&#46; We performed preliminary sequencing analysis and observed altered expression of LRP6 in patients in GDM &#40;data not shown&#41;&#46; Early prediction of GDM and its complications is difficult&#46; This study was therefore carried out to explore the involvement of LRP6 in GDM&#44; with a focus on its clinical values in the prediction of GDM and its adverse events&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0070">Materials and methods</span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0075">Research subjects</span><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">From May 2018 to May 2019&#44; a total of 477 women &#40;23&#8211;34<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>years old&#44; mean age 28&#46;9<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>4&#46;9<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>years old&#44; no history of GDM and pregnancy&#41; trying to conceive for half a year were enrolled at Huai&#8217;an Maternity and Child Health Hospital &#40;Jiangsu&#44; China&#41;&#46; The Ethics Committee of this hospital approved this study &#40;Approval number&#58; 69311&#41;&#46; These participants were enrolled to study the predictive role of LRP6 in the occurrence of GDM and adverse outcomes&#46; Out of these 477 women&#44; pregnancy was successfully achieved in 344 cases within three months after admission&#44; pregnancy was not achieved in 56 cases&#44; and the remaining 77 cases were lost&#46; Among these 344 cases with pregnancy&#44; participants who developed any type of clinical disorder and&#47;or received any treatments prior to pregnancy were excluded&#46; After exclusion&#44; a total of 300 pregnant women &#40;23&#8211;34<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>years old&#44; mean age 28&#46;4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>4&#46;3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>years old&#44; no history of GDM and pregnancy&#41; were included in the following analyses&#46; Glucose concentrations of all 300 participants were within normal range prior to pregnancy and no comorbidity was observed&#46; Pregnancy was detected at a gestational age of about two months&#46; All participants signed the informed consent&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080">Collection of samples and a follow-up study</span><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">On the day of admission&#44; blood was extracted from each participant&#46; During pregnancy&#44; blood was extracted from each participant every month until delivery to diagnose GDM&#46; Blood samples were transferred to plasma preparation tubes&#44; followed by centrifugation at 1200<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#215;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">g</span> for 18<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>min to separate plasma&#44; which was the supernatant&#46; The detection of blood glucose was performed on all participants every month and the 50-g followed by the 100-g Glucose Tolerance Test was applied&#46; The 100-g Glucose Tolerance Test was performed on those that showed plasma levels of glucose at 1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h after a 50-g Glucose Tolerance Test higher than 140<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;dl&#46; GDM was diagnosed after a 100-g Glucose Tolerance Test according to the following criteria &#40;ADA recommendations for classification and diagnosis of diabetes-2021&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0175"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a>&#58; &#40;1&#41; &#62;95<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;dl at fasting blood glucose&#59; or &#40;2&#41; &#62;180<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;dl at 1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h blood glucose&#59; or &#40;3&#41; &#62;155<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;dl at 2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h blood glucose&#59; or &#40;4&#41; &#62;140<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;dl at 3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h blood glucose&#46; During follow-up through monthly outpatient visits&#44; multiple adverse events&#44; including maternal outcomes &#40;hypertension&#44; intrauterine distress&#44; miscarriage&#44; premature delivery and intrauterine infection&#41; and offspring outcomes &#40;macrosomia&#44; foetal malformation and intrauterine death&#41; were recorded&#46; Plasma samples were mixed with TRIzol &#40;Invitrogen&#41; to a volume ratio of 10&#58;1 and then were stored at &#8722;80<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#176;C&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0085">RT-qPCR</span><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">To isolate total RNAs from samples&#44; frozen mixtures of plasma and TRIzol were put on ice&#44; followed by cell lysis on ice for at least 30<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>min&#46; After that&#44; lysates were subjected to centrifugation at 12&#44;000<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#215;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">g</span> for 20<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>min to collect supernatant containing RNA&#46; Then supernatant samples were mixed with chloroform to purify RNA samples&#46; After centrifugation&#44; supernatant was collected and RNA precipitation was performed by mixing the supernatant with 0&#46;5 volume of methanol&#44; followed by incubation on ice for 3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h and centrifugation at 14&#44;000<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#215;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">g</span> for 30<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>min&#46; RNA samples were washed with 70&#37; ethanol three times and then dried and dissolved in RNase-free water&#46; RNA quality was analysed using a 2100 Bioanalyzer &#40;Agilent&#41;&#46; Only those with an RNA integrity number higher than 8&#46;5 were used in the following experiments&#46;</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">ReverTra Ace qPCR RT Kit &#40;Toyobo&#44; Japan&#41; was used to prepare cDNA samples through reverse transcription &#40;RT&#41;&#46; In each RT reaction&#44; 1000<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ng RNA was used in a 10<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#956;l system&#46; Samples of cDNA were subjected to qPCR to detect the expression of LRP6 &#40;circBase Accession&#58; hsa&#95;circRNA&#95;101014&#41; with 18S rRNA &#40;NCBI Accession&#58; M10098&#46;1&#41; as the internal control&#46; All qPCR mixtures &#40;10<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#956;l&#41; were prepared using SYBR&#174; Green Realtime PCR Master Mix &#40;TOYOBO&#41;&#46; In each qPCR reaction&#44; 0&#46;5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#956;l cDNA sample was used&#46; Thermal conditions were&#58; 2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>min at 94<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#176;C&#44; followed by 10<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>s at 94<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#176;C and 48<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>s at 56<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#176;C&#46; QPCRs were conducted on the CFX Opus 96 Real-Time PCR System &#40;Bio-Rad&#41;&#46; Three technical replicates were included in each experiment&#46; It is worth noting that the quality of cDNA samples was tested by RT-PCR to amplify 18S rRNA&#46; The method of 2<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#8722;&#916;&#916;Ct</span> was used to calculate relative gene expression levels<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0180"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span></a>&#46; Microsoft Excel 2016 was used&#46; &#916;Ct<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Ct<span class="elsevierStyleInf">LRP6</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8722;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Ct<span class="elsevierStyleInf">18S rRNA</span>&#46; The &#916;Ct was calculated and the sample with the biggest &#916;Ct value was set to the value &#8220;1&#8221;&#46; All other samples were normalised to this sample to calculate relative gene expression levels&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0090">Statistical analysis</span><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">GraphPad Prism 8&#46;3&#46;0 &#40;GraphPad software&#41; was used to compare datasets and prepare images&#46; Average values of two experimental groups &#40;average values of three technical replicates&#41; were compared with the Student&#39;s <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">t</span> test&#46; To analyse the role of plasma LRP6 &#40;average values of three technical replicates&#41; on the day of admission in predicting GDM&#44; ROC curve analysis was performed with the 43 cases of GDM and 257 cases of non-GDM as true positive and negative cases&#44; respectively&#46; GDM-free curves were plotted for both high and low LRP6 level groups &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>150&#44; cutoff value<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>median plasma expression level of LRP6&#41;&#46; Plotted curves were compared with the log-rank test&#46; The Chi-square test was performed to analyse the associations between plasma LRP6 and participants&#8217; adverse events&#46; Correlations were analysed with Pearson&#39;s correlation coefficient&#46; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;05 was statistically significant&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0095">Results</span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0100">Outcomes of follow-up</span><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Prior to pregnancy&#44; the BMI of the 300 pregnant women ranged from 18&#46;3 to 27&#46;1 &#40;23&#46;4&#43;&#47;5&#46;6&#41;&#44; and weight gain during pregnancy ranged from 7&#46;2 to 15&#46;8<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>kg &#40;10&#46;4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3&#46;1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>kg&#41;&#46; During follow-up&#44; 43 cases were diagnosed with GDM&#44; accounting for 14&#46;3&#37; of the 300 pregnant women&#46; A total of 13 &#40;7 for GDM&#41; cases of foetal malformation&#44; 11 &#40;6 for GDM&#41; cases of intrauterine death&#44; 28 &#40;22 for GDM&#41; cases of premature delivery&#44; 24 &#40;22 for GDM&#41; cases of hypertension&#44; 26 &#40;16 for GDM&#41; cases of macrosomia&#44; 18 &#40;10 for GDM&#41; cases of intrauterine distress&#44; 10 &#40;5 for GDM&#41; cases of miscarriage and of 10 &#40;6 for GDM&#41; cases of intrauterine infection were recorded&#46; In all cases&#44; more than half of the adverse events developed in GDM patients&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0105">Comparison of GDM-free curves between high and low LRP6 level groups</span><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">GDM-free curves were plotted for both the high and low LRP6 level groups &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>150&#44; cutoff value<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>median plasma LRP6 level&#41;&#46; No significant differences in age and other basic clinical information prior to pregnancy were observed between these two groups&#46; Plotted curves were compared by log-rank test&#46; It showed that participants in the high LRP6 level group experienced a higher incidence of GDM during follow-up &#40;33&#47;150&#41; compared to those in the low LRP6 level group &#40;10&#47;150&#41; &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;001&#41;&#46; It is worth noting that multiple cutoff values&#44; including the Youden index of the ROC curve&#44; mean value&#44; cutoff value and average values were used as cutoff values to perform GDM curves&#46; Similar results were observed &#40;data not shown&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0050" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0110">Comparison of plasma LRP6 on the day of admission between GDM and non-GDM groups</span><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">During follow-up&#44; 43 cases were diagnosed with GDM and were classified into the GDM group&#46; The remaining 257 cases were classified into the non-GDM group&#46; Compared to those who developed GDM during follow-up&#44; participants who did not develop GDM showed lower expression levels of LRP6 in plasma &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig&#46; 2</a>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;01&#41;&#46; Pearson&#39;s correlation coefficient analysis showed that plasma expression levels of LRP6 were positively correlated with plasma levels of glucose on the day of admission prior to pregnancy &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">r</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;2454&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;01&#44; data not shown&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0055" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0115">The prediction value of plasma LRP6 on the day of admission for GDM</span><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">To explore the role of plasma LRP6 on the day of admission in predicting GDM&#44; ROC curve analysis was performed with the 43 cases of GDM and 257 cases of non-GDM as true positive and negative cases&#44; respectively&#46; Through ROC curve analysis using high levels of LRP6 on the day of admission as a biomarker&#44; potential GDM patients were effectively distinguished from other participants &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0015">Fig&#46; 3</a>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;0001&#44; AUC<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;8809&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0015"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0060" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0120">Associations between plasma LRP6 and participants&#8217; adverse events</span><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The Chi-square test was performed to analyse the associations between plasma LRP6 and participants&#8217; adverse events&#46; Interestingly&#44; LRP6 was likely associated with foetal malformation and intrauterine death &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;05&#41;&#44; but not premature delivery&#44; hypertension&#44; macrosomia&#44; intrauterine distress&#44; miscarriage and intrauterine infection&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia></span></span><span id="sec0065" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0125">Discussion</span><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The early detection of GDM is a challenge in clinical practice for the prevention of GDM-related clinical disorders&#46; The present study detected the expression of LRP6 in GDM and evaluated the potential value of LRP6 in the prediction of GDM and its related complications&#46; We showed that analysis of plasma circulating LRP6 prior to pregnancy may aid in the prediction of GDM during pregnancy and pregnancy-related adverse events&#46;</p><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Through regulating the miR-545-3p&#47;HMGA1 axis&#44; LRP6 promotes vascular smooth muscle cell migration and proliferation under high glucose conditions&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0170"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16</span></a> Therefore&#44; it is reasonable to speculate its involvement in diabetes&#46; Interestingly&#44; the expression of LRP6 in diabetic patients and its role in diabetes have not been elucidated&#46; The present study revealed increased expression levels of LRP6 on the day of admission in women who got pregnant months later&#46; Therefore&#44; increased expression levels of LRP6 may trigger GDM during pregnancy&#44; and upregulation of LRP6 is unlikely a consequence of GDM&#46; However&#44; the role of LRP6 in GDM remains something to be explored through functional and mechanistic studies&#46;</p><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Although multiple biomarkers&#44; such as sex hormone globulin&#44; adiponectin&#44; C-reactive and glycosylated fibronectin&#44; have been developed to detect GDM at early stages&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0145"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11&#44;12</span></a> diagnostic sensitivity and specificity are usually low and therefore more effective biomarkers are needed&#46; In this study we showed that high expression levels of LRP6 on the day of admission effectively distinguished potential GDM patients from other participants&#44; and GDM-free curve analysis also showed that participants in the high LRP6 level group experienced a higher incidence of GDM during follow-up &#40;33&#47;150&#41; compared to those in the low LRP6 level group &#40;10&#47;150&#41;&#46; Therefore&#44; analysis of LRP6 expression prior to pregnancy may be applied to improve the identification of women with high risk of GDM&#44; thereby applying preventative approaches to prevent the occurrence of GDM&#46;</p><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Interestingly&#44; altered plasma expression of LRP6 was only closely associated with foetal malformation and intrauterine death&#44; but not other adverse events&#44; while in all cases&#44; more than half of the adverse events developed in GDM patients&#46; Therefore&#44; our study further confirmed the fact that GDM is a major cause of adverse events in pregnancy&#46; LRP6 may promote foetal malformation and intrauterine death during pregnancy by increasing the risk of GDM&#46; However&#44; malformations may occur in the first trimester&#46; Therefore&#44; associations between LRP6&#44; malformations and GDM should be further analysed&#46; In addition&#44; future studies may also focus on the role of LRP6 in foetal malformation and intrauterine death&#46;</p><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In conclusion&#44; LRP6 is upregulated in GDM and has potential values for the prediction of GDM and pregnancy-related complications&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0070" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0130">Informed consent</span><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Informed consent was obtained from all individuals included in this study&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0075" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0135">Ethical approval</span><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This study was approved by Ethics Committee of Huai&#8217;an Maternity and Child Health Hospital&#46; The study followed the tenets of the Declaration of Helsinki&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0080" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0140">Author contributions</span><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">HH&#44; QL&#44; HZ&#58; study concepts&#44; study design&#44; literature research&#44; experimental studies&#44; manuscript preparation and editing&#59; HH&#44; QL&#44; JC&#58; definition of intellectual content&#44; literature research experimental studies&#44; manuscript preparation and editing&#46; All authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this manuscript and approved its submission&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0085" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0145">Funding</span><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Not applicable&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0090" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0150">Conflict of interest</span><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Authors state no conflict of interest&#46;</p></span></span>"
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              "titulo" => "Comparison of GDM-free curves between high and low LRP6 level groups"
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              "titulo" => "Comparison of plasma LRP6 on the day of admission between GDM and non-GDM groups"
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              "titulo" => "The prediction value of plasma LRP6 on the day of admission for GDM"
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              "titulo" => "Associations between plasma LRP6 and participants&#8217; adverse events"
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        "titulo" => "Abstract"
        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Introduction</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">circRNA LRP6 participates in high-glucose-regulated cellular behaviours&#44; while its role in gestational diabetes mellitus &#40;GDM&#41; is unclear&#46; Our preliminary sequencing analysis revealed the altered expression of LRP6&#44; suggesting its potential involvement in GDM and possible clinical value&#46; This study explored the involvement of LRP6 in GDM&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Methods</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">In this study&#44; a total of 300 pregnant women were enrolled and followed up until delivery&#46; The occurrence of GDM and adverse outcomes was recorded&#46; These 300 participants were grouped into high and low LRP6 level groups &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>150&#59; cutoff<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>median&#41;&#46; Occurrence of GDM and adverse outcomes were compared between the two groups&#46; ROC curve analysis was conducted to explore the role of LRP6 expression on the day of admission in predicting GDM&#46; Associations between LRP6 expression and adverse outcomes were analysed with the Chi-squared test&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Results</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">We observed that participants in the high LRP6 level group experienced a higher incidence of GDM during follow-up &#40;33&#47;150&#41; compared to those in the low LRP6 level group &#40;10&#47;150&#41;&#46; Compared to participants who developed GDM during follow-up&#44; participants who did not develop GDM showed lower expression levels of LRP6 in plasma&#46; ROC curve analysis showed that high expression levels of LRP6 on the day of admission effectively distinguished potential GDM patients from other participants&#46; Interestingly&#44; LRP6 was only closely associated with foetal malformation and intrauterine death&#44; but not premature delivery&#44; hypertension&#44; macrosomia&#44; intrauterine distress&#44; miscarriage and intrauterine infection in all participants&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Conclusion</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Therefore&#44; increased expression levels of LRP6 in GDM predicts foetal malformation and intrauterine death&#46;</p></span>"
        "secciones" => array:4 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0005"
            "titulo" => "Introduction"
          ]
          1 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0010"
            "titulo" => "Methods"
          ]
          2 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0015"
            "titulo" => "Results"
          ]
          3 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0020"
            "titulo" => "Conclusion"
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "es" => array:3 [
        "titulo" => "Resumen"
        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Introducci&#243;n</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">El circARN LRP6 participa en el comportamiento celular regulado por glucosa alta&#44; pero su papel en la diabetes mellitus gestacional &#40;DMG&#41; no est&#225; claro&#46; Nuestro an&#225;lisis preliminar de secuenciaci&#243;n mostr&#243; cambios en la expresi&#243;n de LRP6&#44; sugiriendo que podr&#237;a estar involucrada en DMG y podr&#237;a ser cl&#237;nicamente valiosa&#46; En este estudio se examin&#243; el papel de LRP6 en la DMG&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">M&#233;todos</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">En este estudio 300 mujeres embarazadas fueron seleccionadas y seguidas hasta el parto&#46; Se registraron la aparici&#243;n de DMG y resultados adversos asociados&#46; Las 300 participantes se dividieron en grupos de niveles altos y bajos de LRP6 &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>150&#59; corte<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mediana&#41;&#46; Se compararon la incidencia de DMG y los resultados adversos en la gestaci&#243;n entre los 2 grupos&#46; El an&#225;lisis de la curva ROC tiene como objetivo investigar el papel de la expresi&#243;n de LRP6 en la predicci&#243;n de DMG el d&#237;a de la admisi&#243;n&#46; La correlaci&#243;n entre la expresi&#243;n de LRP6 y las reacciones adversas fue analizada por la prueba Chi cuadrado&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Resultados</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Observamos que los participantes en el grupo de alto nivel de LRP6 experimentaron una mayor incidencia de DMG durante el seguimiento &#40;33&#47;150&#41; en comparaci&#243;n con los del grupo de bajo nivel de LRP6 &#40;10&#47;150&#41;&#46; En comparaci&#243;n con los participantes que desarrollaron DMG durante el seguimiento&#44; los participantes que no desarrollaron DMG mostraron niveles de expresi&#243;n m&#225;s bajos de LRP6 en plasma&#46; El an&#225;lisis de la curva ROC mostr&#243; que los altos niveles de expresi&#243;n de LRP6 en el d&#237;a de la admisi&#243;n distinguieron efectivamente a las posibles pacientes con DMG de otras participantes&#46; Curiosamente&#44; la expresi&#243;n de LRP6 solo se asoci&#243; estrechamente con la malformaci&#243;n fetal y la muerte intrauterina&#44; pero no con parto prematuro&#44; hipertensi&#243;n&#44; macrosomia&#44; distr&#233;s intrauterino&#44; aborto espont&#225;neo e infecci&#243;n intrauterina en todas las participantes&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Conclusi&#243;n</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">El aumento de la expresi&#243;n de LRP6 en DMG se asocia con malformaci&#243;n fetal y muerte intrauterina&#46;</p></span>"
        "secciones" => array:4 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0025"
            "titulo" => "Introducci&#243;n"
          ]
          1 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0030"
            "titulo" => "M&#233;todos"
          ]
          2 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0035"
            "titulo" => "Resultados"
          ]
          3 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0040"
            "titulo" => "Conclusi&#243;n"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "NotaPie" => array:1 [
      0 => array:3 [
        "etiqueta" => "&#9674;"
        "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005">These authors contributed equally to this work&#46;</p>"
        "identificador" => "fn0005"
      ]
    ]
    "multimedia" => array:4 [
      0 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "fig0005"
        "etiqueta" => "Figure 1"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg"
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        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Comparison of GDM-free curves between the high and low LRP6 level groups&#46; GDM-free curves were plotted for both the high and low LRP6 level groups &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>150&#44; cutoff value<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>median plasma LRP6 level&#41;&#46; Plotted curves were compared with the log-rank test&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      1 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "fig0010"
        "etiqueta" => "Figure 2"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg"
            "Alto" => 1294
            "Ancho" => 1675
            "Tamanyo" => 210437
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        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Comparison of plasma LRP6 on the day of admission between GDM and non-GDM groups&#46; During follow-up&#44; 43 cases were diagnosed with GDM and were classified into the GDM group&#46; The remaining 257 cases were classified into the non-GDM group&#46; &#42;&#42;&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;01&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      2 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "fig0015"
        "etiqueta" => "Figure 3"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "gr3.jpeg"
            "Alto" => 1384
            "Ancho" => 1676
            "Tamanyo" => 213435
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        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The prediction value of plasma LRP6 on the day of admission for GDM&#46; To analyse the role of plasma LRP6 on the day of admission in predicting GDM&#44; ROC curve analysis was performed with the 43 cases of GDM and 257 cases of non-GDM as true positive and negative cases&#44; respectively&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      3 => array:8 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0005"
        "etiqueta" => "Table 1"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "detalles" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "at1"
            "detalle" => "Table "
            "rol" => "short"
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Adverse events&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Cases&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Low &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>150&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Chi-squared&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="6" align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Foetal malformation</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Yes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">13&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">6&#46;51&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;011&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>No&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">287&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">139&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">148&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="6" align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Intrauterine death</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Yes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;031&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>No&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">289&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">141&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">148&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="6" align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="6" align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Yes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">28&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">12&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">16&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;63&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;43&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>No&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">272&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">238&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">234&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="6" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="6" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Hypertension</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Yes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">24&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">14&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">10&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;72&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;39&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>No&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">276&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">236&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">240&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="6" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="6" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Macrosomia</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Yes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">26&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">12&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">14&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;17&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;68&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>No&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">274&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">138&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">136&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="6" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="6" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Intrauterine distress</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Yes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">18&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">10&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;24&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;63&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>No&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">282&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">140&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">142&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="6" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="6" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Miscarriage</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Yes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">10&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;41&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;52&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>No&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">290&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">146&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">144&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="6" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="6" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Intrauterine infection</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Yes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">10&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#46;66&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;19&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>No&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">290&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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ISSN: 25300180
Original language: English
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es en pt

¿Es usted profesional sanitario apto para prescribir o dispensar medicamentos?

Are you a health professional able to prescribe or dispense drugs?

Você é um profissional de saúde habilitado a prescrever ou dispensar medicamentos