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Vol. 56. Issue S1.
Puesta al día en hiperparatiroidismo primario
Pages 41-47 (April 2009)
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Vol. 56. Issue S1.
Puesta al día en hiperparatiroidismo primario
Pages 41-47 (April 2009)
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Consensos y guías de práctica clínica en hiperparatiroidismo primario
Consensus and clinical practice guidelines in primary hyperparathyroidism
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Esteban Jódar Gimenoa,b,
Corresponding author
esteban.jodar@gmail.com

Correspondencia: Dr. E. Jódar Gimeno. Servicio de Endocrinología. Hospital Quirón. Madrid. C/Diego de Velázquez, 1. 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón. Madrid. España.
a Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición. Hospital Quirón. Madrid. España
b Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición. Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre. Madrid. España
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El hiperparatiroidismo primario (HP) es una enfermedad cuya forma de presentación, diagnóstico y recomendaciones de tratamiento se han modificado de forma importante en los últimos años.

Con la aparición de los autoanalizadores y la determinación sistemática de la calcemia, han desaparecido las formas de presentación clásicas con afección ósea y renal, y se detectan más en el estudio de individuos con osteoporosis o nefrolitiasis. Además, existe una relación difícil de cuantificar entre el HP con las enfermedades cardiovasculares y neurocognitivas. Por tanto, aunque la recomendación de tratamiento quirúrgico es clara en individuos sintomáticos, han sido necesarios varios consensos en los últimos 18 años para sentar las recomendaciones de cirugía en individuos asintomáticos (edad menor de 50 años, calcemia 1 mg/dl por encima del límite normal, filtrado glomerular menor de 60 ml/min, fractura osteoporótica u osteoporosis por densitometría en cadera columna o antebrazo o imposibilidad de seguimiento).

En caso de optar por un seguimiento médico, se recomienda la valoración de calcemia, filtrado glomerular y medida de masa ósea anual, y se contempla la posibilidad de tratamiento médico con bisfosfonatos, raloxifeno o cinacalcet.

Si se sienta la indicación quirúrgica, la gammagrafía paratiroidea y otras técnicas de localización ayudan a identificar a pacientes con adenoma único en los que se puede hacer un tratamiento mínimamente invasivo con anestesia local, o los restos de tejido paratiroideo en caso de reintervención por persistencia o recidiva del HP. La determinación de parathormona intraoperatoria también parece valiosa en estas situaciones.

Palabras clave:
Hiperparatiroidismo primario
Tratamiento quirúrgico
Tratamiento médico
Seguimiento
Consenso
Guías clínicas

Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is a disease whose form of presentation, diagnosis and treatment recommendations have been substantially modified in the last few years. With the development of autoanalyzers and routine calcemia determination, classical forms of presentation with bone and renal involvement have disappeared and the disease is more frequently detected in patients undergoing investigation for osteoporosis or kidney stones. Moreover, there is a difficult-to-quantify relationship between PHPT and cardiovascular and neurocognitive diseases.

Therefore, although surgical treatment is clearly recommended in symptomatic patients, several consensus meetings have been required in the last 18 years to establish the recommendations for surgery in asymptomatic patients (age less than 50 years, calcemia 1 mg/dl above the normal limit, glomerular filtrate less than 60 ml/min, osteoporotic fracture or osteoporosis detected by densitometry in the hip, spinal column or forearm or impossibility of follow-up).

If medical follow-up is chosen, annual evaluation of calcemia, glomerular filtrate and bone mass measurement is recommended and the possibility of medical treatment with bisphosphonates, raloxifene or cinacalcet is considered. If surgery is indicated, parathyroid scintigraphy and other localization techniques help to identify patients with a single adenoma who can undergo a minimally invasive approach under local anesthesia, as well as those with parathyroid tissue remnants undergoing reintervention due to persistent or recurrent PHPT. Intraoperative parathyroid hormone determination seems to be valid in these situations.

Key words:
Primary hyperparathyroidism
Surgical treatment
Medical treatment
Follow-up
Consensus
Clinical guidelines
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Copyright © 2009. Sociedad Española de Endocrinología y Nutrición
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