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Las sulfonilureas (SU) son fármacos insulinosecretores que actúan en receptores específicos de la célula beta pancreática. Si bien la monoterapia oral inicial de la diabetes mellitus tipo 2 debe centrarse en el uso de metformina, podemos afirmar que las SU siguen siendo fármacos eficaces en su tratamiento, siempre que se utilicen precozmente cuando aún existe función de la célula beta y, fundamentalmente, en terapia combinada con otros fármacos orales (metformina, glitazonas). Las SU no protegen el deterioro progresivo de la célula beta y, por lo que se refiere a efectos secundarios, es evidente la propensión a la hipoglucemia y al aumento de peso. En cuanto a un posible papel específico favorecedor de la morbimortalidad cardiovascular, hasta el momento no se dispone de datos concluyentes que lo corroboren.
Palabras clave:
Sulfonilureas
Antidiabéticos orales
Hipoglucemias
Tratamiento diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2)
Sulfonylureas are insulin-secreting drugs that act on specific pancreatic beta-cell receptors. Although initial monotherapy of type 2 diabetes mellitus should focus on the use of metformin, sulfonylureas continue to be effective in the treatment of this disease, provided they are used early when there is still some beta-cell function and, especially, in combination with other oral drugs (metformin, glitazones). Sulfonylureas do not protect against progressive beta-cell deterioration. Adverse effects consist of a tendency to produce hypoglycemia and weight gain. To date, there are no conclusive data to support a possible deleterious effect on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.
Key words:
Sulfonylureas
Oral antidiabetic agents
Hypoglycemia
Treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus
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