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El enfoque terapéutico tradicional del síndrome del ovario poliquístico (SOP) es de tipo sintomático. Sin embargo, las mujeres con SOP presentan a menudo diversas anomalías metabólicas, y cada vez hay más pruebas de que pueden presentar posteriormente un mayor riesgo cardiovascular y otros problemas médicos importantes. La resistencia a la insulina, la hiperinsulinemia asociada y el exceso de andrógenos desempeñan, al parecer, un papel central en la patogenia del SOP. En muchas pacientes, la atenuación de la resistencia a la insulina puede influir en todo el espectro de anomalies endocrinas, metabólicas y reproductoras del SOP. Además, los fármacos antiandrogénicos no sólo constituyen, al parecer, un elemento eficaz en el tratamiento sintomático del SOP, sino también un posible tratamiento patogénico, como lo sugieren los cambios favorables que se producen en la composición corporal y en las características metabólicas de las mujeres con SOP que los utilizan.
Palabras clave:
Síndrome del ovario poliquístico
Resistencia a la insulina
Hiperandrogenismo
Agentes sensibilizantes a la insulina
Fármacos antiandrogénicos
Metformina
Tiazolidinadionas
Flutamida
The traditional therapeutic approach to polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is symptomatic. However, PCOS women often show several metabolic abnormalities, and there is growing evidence that these women may have increased cardiovascular risk and other major medical outcomes later in life. Insulin resistance with associated hyperinsulinemia and androgen excess seem to play a central role in the pathogenesis of PCOS. Consistently, attenuation of insulin resistance may affect the entire spectrum of endocrine, metabolic and reproductive abnormalities of PCOS in many subjects. Furthermore, antiandrogen drugs seem to be not only an effective tool in the symptomatic treatment of PCOS, but also a potential pathogenetic therapy, as suggested by the favourable changes of body composition and metabolic features reported using these drugs in PCOS women.
Key words:
Polycystic ovary syndrome
Insulin resistance
Hyperandrogenism
Insulin sensitizing agents
Antiandrogen drugs
Metformin
Thiazolidinediones
Flutamide
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