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Letter to the Editor
Hasday: Treatment of obesity in 10th century
Hasday: tratamiento de la obesidad en el siglo x
Pedro Gargantilla Maderaa,b,
Corresponding author
pgargantilla@yahoo.es

Corresponding author.
, Noelia Arroyo Pardoa
a Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital de El Escorial, El Escorial, Madrid, Spain
b Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Madrid, Spain
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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This year marks the 1100th anniversary of the birth of the Jewish physician Hasday Ibn Shaprut &#40;915&#8211;975&#41;&#44; the author of the first antiobesity diet in the world&#46; We would like therefore to pay him our most humble tribute&#46;</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">When the king of Leon&#44; Ordo&#241;o II&#44; died&#44; he was succeeded by his stepbrother Sancho I &#40;935&#8211;966&#41;&#44; known by both Christians and Moors by the nickname of &#8220;the Fat&#8221;&#46; This was hardly surprising&#44; given that the king&#39;s weight eventually reached 21 arrobas &#40;a Castilian weight unit&#41;&#44; which is equivalent to a little over 240<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>kg&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> According to chronicles of the time&#44; the obesity of the sovereign was due to his gargantuan appetite&#44; as he ate every day seven meals with 17 different dishes&#44; most of them consisting of game&#46; The monarch had some difficulty in governing his realm&#44; because a good part of the nobility criticized him and made fun of his fatness&#46; They argued that they could not accept being governed by someone who could not even get out of bed or walk without help&#46; Count Fern&#225;n Gonz&#225;lez went even further and questioned dynastic continuity&#44; as obesity prevented the king from publicly showing that he had consummated his marriage&#46;</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In 957&#44; Sancho I was summarily deposed by the troops of the count&#46; The sovereign fled Leon and went to Navarre&#44; to his grandmother&#44; Queen Toda&#46; Queen Toda decided to take matters into her own hands so that her grandson could recover his throne as soon as possible&#46; Dramatic measures were needed&#44; and the first thing Sancho had to do was to lose weight and present a more respectable appearance&#46; But where could a medical center for the appropriate treatment be found in the 10th century&#63; The answer was the Caliphate of C&#243;rdoba of Abd al-Rahman III&#44; who immediately sent the king his personal physician&#44; Hasday Ibn Shaprut&#44; a Jew&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> This physician was a man of short stature&#8211;he was a little over one meter in height&#44; according to chronicles&#8211;who was born in Jaen&#44; then called Yayyan&#44; which would go down in history as the main center of the Golden Age of Jewish culture in Spain&#46; Hasday had achieved prominence as a physician in Al-Andalus&#44; where he was considered the discoverer of a universal remedy he called Al-Faruk&#44; a sort of antidote against all types of poison&#46;</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">When Hasday met Sancho he must have been taken aback at the sight of such a singular human being&#46; However&#44; Hasday could do nothing there&#44; as he did not have his remedies and potions at hand&#46; Sancho would therefore have to travel to Cordova to undergo the slimming treatment&#59; otherwise&#44; he would be unable to give back to Sancho what he termed &#8220;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">the primitive cunning of his lightness</span>&#8221;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2&#44;3</span></a></p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Soon after that visit&#44; Sancho went with his grandmother&#44; Queen Toda&#44; to Cordova to be treated by Hasday&#46; First of all&#44; the physician shut Sancho up in a room&#44; where he lay on a bed with his feet and hands tied&#46; He only left his captivity to take long walks during which he was pulled with ropes by slaves&#44; while leaning on an assistant&#46; When the exercise was over&#44; Sancho was obliged to take endless steam baths&#44; which were an even greater torment for him&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> But all this physical exercise was as nothing compared to the dietary regime he was compelled to follow&#46; To prevent food intake&#44; Hasday ordered that Sancho&#39;s mouth be sewn up&#44; with only a small opening being left so that with the aid of a straw he could sip liquids &#40;&#8220;Hebrew herbs&#8221;&#41;&#44; which gave him continuous diarrhea&#46; It appears that Sancho was only fed fluids throughout his stay at Cordova&#44; receiving daily seven infusions combining salt water&#44; orange-flower water&#44; water boiled with vegetables&#44; and fruit&#46; These very probably contained theriac&#44; a drug consisting of a variable number of ingredients&#44; sometimes more than 70&#44; including opium&#46; We can easily imagine that Sancho must have felt himself at death&#39;s door on such a diet&#44; but surprisingly he survived the rigorous hygienic and dietary regimen to which the Jewish physician subjected him&#46;</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The treatment started to have an effect&#44; and his body eventually acquired the flabbiness associated with rapid weight loss&#46; Flabs of flesh appeared all over his body&#46; To reduce them&#44; Hasday ordered prolonged body massages to try and recover the firmness of the skin&#46; As the treatment was beginning to seem that it would never come to an end&#44; Queen Toda&#44; who had become the queen regent on the death of her husband&#44; decided to return alone to Navarre&#44; leaving her grandson in the hands of the physicians&#46;</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Diet and physical exercise finally had the desired effect&#46; After 40 long days on this strict and noxious diet&#44; Sancho&#39;s weight had been reduced to 120<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>kg and he was able to walk distances longer than 5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>km without being pulled by ropes or any other assistance&#46; In addition&#44; he was able to ride a horse&#44; lift his sword and&#44; what perhaps cheered him most&#44; lie with a woman&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2&#44;3</span></a> Sancho was now ready to recover his throne&#46;</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">One day in 959&#44; Sancho the Fat left Cordova and headed for his beloved Leon&#46; With the help of the Caliph&#39;s army as well as that of the Kingdom of Navarre&#44; towns surrendered to him as he passed on his way to the capital&#46; Here he encountered no resistance at all and recovered his throne in 960&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a></p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">It is said that after his return to Leon&#44; Sancho did not abuse his liking for game again and became a regular eater of fruit&#46; This eventually proved his downfall&#46; In 966&#44; the reign of Sancho I came to an untimely end when he was given a poisoned apple by the rebel count Gonzalo Men&#233;ndez&#46;</p></span>"
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Article information
ISSN: 21735093
Original language: English
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es en pt

¿Es usted profesional sanitario apto para prescribir o dispensar medicamentos?

Are you a health professional able to prescribe or dispense drugs?

Você é um profissional de saúde habilitado a prescrever ou dispensar medicamentos